Objective To investigate the effects of case-based learning (CBL) applied in the clinical probation of anesthesiology.Methods Totally 313 undergraduates from the department of anesthesiology were randomly divided into 2 groups:CBL group (n =157) and LBL group (n =156).CBL methods were used to teach students in CBL group while traditional teaching methods were used to teach students in LBL group.After the causes being finished,a combination of theoretical examination and questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effectiveness between the two groups and a questionnaire was used to evaluate the recognition of teachers on CBL method.Data were managed by SPSS 17.0 software package.Quantitative data between groups were compared by t-test,enumeration data between groups were compared by chi-square test.Results Students in CBL group acquired higher score (86.7 ± 5.4) than those in LBL group (75.8 ± 4.5).82％ students in CBL group considered that their overall quality was improved while 42％ students in the LBL group thought so (P ＜ 0.05).75％ of faculties preferred the CBL methods.Conclusions Effect of CBL methods is better than traditional teaching methods and it's preferred by faculty and students.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Ear Auricle ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nose ; injuries ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Adult ; Cartilage ; surgery ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Esthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; surgery ; Tympanoplasty ; methods

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology

Objective To investigate the effects of glycyrrhizin on gene expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-?signaling pathway of hepatic stellate cell(HSC)in mice by gene microarray tech- nique.Methods The HSCs were isolated from mice and cultured in vitro.Then the mice were divided into control group,TGF-?_1 group(5 ng/ml) or TGF-?_1(5 ng/ml)combined with glycyrrhizin(100?mol/L) group.The cells were collected after 10 hours to extract RNA.A cDNA microarray(GEArray~(TM) Q) targeting TGF-?/BMP signal transduction was used to screen the genes which showed significant changes in expression of TGF-?pathway of HSC by glycyrrhizin.Results The microarray analysis showed that 16 genes(16.7%),such as Smad2,Smad3,Smad7,CoL3A1,CoL1A2,and PAI-1,were upregulated by TGF-?_1 and then down-regulated by glycyrrhizin.Five genes(5.2%)(including BMP7,IGFbp3 and etc.)downregulated by TGF-?_1,were then up-regulated by glycyrrhizin.Finally,2 genes upregulated by TGF-?_1 were then up-regulated predominantly by glycyrrhizin in HSC(T?R2,betaglycan).Changes in some genes,such as Smad2 Smad3,Smad7,were further confirmed to be coincided with cDNA microarray by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Conclusions The anti-fibrosis mechanisms of glycyrrhizin may be through to interference of TGF-?signaling pathway,decrease the synthesis and increase the degradation of collagen.

Objective To observe the effects of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-TMS) on the electroencephalogram (EEG),expression of NPY in hippocampus in pilocarpine (PLO)-induced epileptic rats. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (240-260 g) were used to establish a model of epilepsy by in- tradominal injection of pilocarpine,and then randomized into 2 groups:a control group and an intervention group. The control group was treated by sham LF-TMS,while the intervention group was treated by LF-TMS once daily for 7 days.Ⅰgroup simply celiac inject pilocarpine.Ⅱgroup celiac inject PLO after LF-TMS.The EEG was recorded in both groups and the checked pathology.Pathological item include HE staining,NPY immunohisto chemical staining. Results The latency for seizure attack was significantly lengthened,while the frequency of seizure attack and times of major seizure attack were significantly decreased in the intervention group.The HE staining revealed significant de- generation and necrosis of neurons in the hippocampus,especially in the CA3 region,in rats in the control group. The pathologic changes were significantly less severe in the intervention,Immunohistochemical staining showed a sig- nificantly higher expression of NPY in the hippocampus as compared with the intervention group. Conclusion U- sing the PLO-induced epilepsy model,LF-TMS could not only postpone the generation of kindling but also inhibit the progress of epilepsy.The increased NPY expression in the hippocampusin the intervention group implied a close rela- tionship between NPY and epilepsy attack.

Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics owing to their broad activity spectra and low toxicity. Many of these medically important compounds are made chemically from 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid. At present, this intermediate is made by synthetic ring-expansion of the inexpensive penicillin G to form G-7-ADCA, followed by enzymatic removal of the side chain to obtain 7-ADCA. The chemical synthetic process is expensive, complicated and environmentally unfriendly. Environmentally compatible enzymatic process is favorable compared with chemical synthesis. In our previous research, metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strain (H7/PG15) was constructed and used as whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of G-7-ADC with penicillin G as substrate. The whole-cell biocatalysis was studied by single factor experiment, including the composition of substrates and the conversion conditions (OD600, pH, concentration of penicillin G, MOPS, glucose, time and FeSO4). After optimization, 15 mmol/L of G-7-ADCA was obtained. The process is convenient, efficient and economic. This work would facilitate the industrial manufacturing and further product research.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; biosynthesis ; Biocatalysis ; Cephalosporins ; biosynthesis ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Metabolic Engineering

Objective To explore the effect of astragalus injection with heparin in treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome(NS) whose blood was high coagulable.Methods Seventy-two children suffering from NS, whose blood was high coagulable,were randomly divi-ded into 2 groups. The suffering children of 2 groups were given diuretic and anti-infective and hypotenive drugs, simultaneously taking prednisone 2 mg/( kg?d). In addition, the suffering children of therapeutic group was given astragalus injection 20 mL and heparin 100 IU/kg which were added in the glucose injection 200 mL absorbed by intravenous drop.They had blood test since they had taken the medicine once a day and maintained 2-4 weeks′ time.Results The suffering children′s PLT,febrinogen(Fbg) and prothrombin time(PT) of therapeutic group were all lowered down to normal quantity in 10 days but those of contrastive group in 2 weeks or more. The time of urinary protein′s vani-shing of the therapeutic group averages out to (8.9?4.1) d;but contrastive group became normal after 2 weeks and urinary albumen disa-ppeared in (12.8?6.2) d.Conclusions The astragalus injection with heparin is significant to shortening the course of treatment and redu-cing the relapse and preventing from thrombosis in the treatment of NS of suffering children whose blood is high coagulable.The treatment of anti-coagulation can be one of conventional plans.

Objective To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARA). Methods Clinical data from 682 patients with SARS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients ranged from 13 to 76 years old, 387 male and 295 female. A total of 356 patients (52.2) had a history of close contact with diagnosed SARS patients, and 113 (25.1%) had been to hospital ever. The most common symptom was fever (99.3%), followed by cough (44.4%), shortness of breath (12.2% ), diarrhea (8.9%). 596 patients (87.4%) had normal or decreased white blood cell counts. Serum ALT and CPK levels were elevated in 112 patients (16.4%)and 17 patients (2.5%) respectively. Infiltrates on chest radiography were seen in all patients, with 69.8% involved both lungs. Six patients (0.9%) died of SARS. Conclusion SARS is infectious. Hospital is an important place where SARS transmits. Fever, cough and infiltrative changes on chest radiography are mainly symptoms and signs.

OBJECTIVETo determine the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in different solvents and its n-octanol/water partition coefficients.

METHODCombining shaking flask method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in six organic solvents and different pH buffer solution were determined by HPLC analysis.

RESULTn-Octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D in different pH were greater than zero, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was increased with increase the pH of the buffer solution. The maximum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 255.89 g x L(-1) in methanol, and minimum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 0.20 g x L(-1) in acetonitrile.

CONCLUSIONUnder gastrointestinal physiological conditions, pulchinenosiden D exists in molecular state and it has good absorption but poor water-solubility, so increasing the dissolution rate of pulchinenosiden D may enhance its bioavailability.

1-Octanol ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry