BACKGROUND:Clinical treatment of epicondyle fractures and intercondylar comminuted fractures is quite tricky due to instability and spread to the articular surface. Common complications contained bone delayed union, nonunion, broken nails and broken boards. Internal fixation for fractures is various, but reasonable choice for clinical fixation plays a decisive role for repair of fractures.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the repair effects of various fixation methods on femoral condyle fracture from different aspects such as fracture type, bone healing, functional recovery and biomechanics.
METHODS:First author searched PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for articles about various fixation methods in repair of femoral condyle fracture published from January 2000 to April 2014. Key words were“femoral condyle fracture, internal fixation, biomechanics, load-displacement, axial stiffness, horizontal shear stiffness”. Total y 142 articles were retrieved, but 39 articles met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Femoral condyle fracture caused the damage to normal anatomic structure of knee join, changed normal anatomical axis and the mechanical axis of knee joint. Therefore, anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation are necessary. During treatment, the advantages and disadvantages of various fixation methods should be known. It is necessary to ful y evaluate the type of intercondylar fractures of the femoral condyle and soft tissue injury. According to biological characteristics of the human body and mechanical property, internal fixation device should be reasonably used. Individual treatment programs should be provided. Thus, the occurrence of postoperative complications should be reduced utmostly, resulting in a satisfactory repair outcome.

Objective To observe the effects of hypoxia on the expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9)in lung fibroblasts at different time points.Methods Fibroblasts were cultured at hypoxic condition 0,1.5,3,6,12 h respectively.CTGF mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA level were detected in each group by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The concen- tration of CTGF and MMP-9 protein in fibroblasts supernatant were determined using enzyme-linked im- munosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Hypoxia stimulated fibroblasts increased the level of CTGF mRNA with- in 1.5 h,and the levels remained at a plateau up to 6 h,and then decreased by 12 h.The level of MMP-9 mRNA increased significantly within 3 h,and the levels kept the trend for increasing.ELISA revealed that the levels of both CTGF and MMP-9 protein/cell in medium conditioned by fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia were maximal at 12 h.The level of MMP in the CTGF-Ab treated groups was significantly decreased compared to the untreated groups.Conclusions These findings suggest that hypoxia stimulates fibroblasts to release CTGF as a mitogen factor,which initiates the fibrosis cascade and airway remodeling by regulating the balance of extracellular ma- trix synthesis and degradation via MMP-9 which is secreted by fibroblast cells in response to CTGF.

Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Cysts ; complications ; Exophthalmos ; complications ; Frontal Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; complications

Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; therapy ; Biological Products ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans

BACKGROUND:Estrogen promotes the storage of trace elements in the bones and thereby impacts the variation of bone mineral density through influencing the bone cel metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To study the difference of bone mineral density and serum trace elements between Uygur young and elderly females from Urumqi. METHODS:The bone mineral density was measured in the Uygur women aged 30 to 40 years and 60 to 70 years in Urumqi by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry made in MEDILINK. The serum levels of trace elements, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, were measured by Unicel Dxc 800 Synchron biochemical test instrument produced by Beckman Kurt, USA. Serum levels of trace elements and bone mineral density were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the elderly group, the bone mineral density was significantly higher but the serum level of zinc was lower in the young group (bothP < 0.001). There were no differences in the other trace elements between the two groups (P> 0.05). These findings indicate that the bone mineral density of Uygur women at different age is significantly correlated with a part of trace elements in serum.

As a momentous disaster, earthquake would bring severe psychological trauma to children, with an adverse effect not only on the physiological functions, but also on their behaviors, emotions, and cognition, and the short-term and long-term consequences are much greater in children than in adults. The children of different ages have different psychological reactions, so psychological intervention varies with children's age. Psychological intervention is still important long afterwards to prevent permanent psychological trauma in children.
Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Crisis Intervention ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Infant ; Mental Disorders ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore risk factors of patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) to develop the comorbidity attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (TS + ADHD), so as to provide evidence for its prevention and intervention.

METHODSA total of 150 patients with TS were divided into two groups (TS group; TS + ADHD group) according to DSM-IV with 75 patients in each group. All the enrolled patients were investigated using self-designed questionnaire and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Edition (FES-CV). Forty-six factors were used as variables and were quantified. Data were analyzed by SPSS10.0 and the odds ratios of different factors to TS + ADHD were calculated by using univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTS(1) Families of children with TS + ADHD had lower score in cohesion, expression, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, moral religious emphasis and organization, but had higher conflict score in FES-CV than the control group. (2) Single-factor analysis indicated that 8 factors were associated with TS + ADHD including ADHD family history positive (OR = 24.318), low family education (OR = 18.617), longer delay of treatment (OR = 10.796), maternal smoking (OR = 9.094), family conflict (OR = 5.781), hypoxia at birth (OR = 2.562), lower culture level of parents (OR = 1.941) and poor expressiveness (OR = 0.967). (3) Five factors including ADHD family history positive (OR = 13.805), family conflict (OR = 8.459), low family education (OR = 5.477), lower culture level of parents (OR = 2.164) and maternal smoking (OR = 2.075) were selected for the multivariate regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONThe key risk factors of co-occurrence of TS with ADHD were positive ADHD family history, family conflict, low family education, lower culture level of parents and maternal smoking.

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Tourette Syndrome ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the effects of integrin β1 gene expression inhibited by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on invasion of pancreatic carcinoma PANC1 cells in vitro,and investigate the mechanism.Methods The eukaryotic expression plasmid of shRNA targeting integrin β1 gene ( integrin β1 shRNA) and control eukaryotic expression plasmid shRNA (c-shRNA) was constructed and was transfected into PANC1 cells.The cells without plasmid transfection were used as control.The expressions of integrinβ1,MMP 2,MMP 9 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The invasive ability of PANC1 cells was observed with Transwell cell culture chamber.Results Integrinβ1 mRNA expressions in integrinβ1 shRNA group,c-shRNA group and control group were 0.0029 ± 0.0004,0.0131 ± 0.0009,0.0138 ± 0.0005 ; the expressions of integrinβ1 protein were 0.0159 ± 0.0062,0.3215 ± 0.0126,0.3107 ±0.0094; the inhibitory rate of integrinβ1 mRNA and protein expression in integrinβ1 shRNA group was (78.6 ±7.2 ) ％ and (92.9 ± 3.2) ％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ).But there was no difference between the c-shRNA group and control group (P =0.2999).Number of penetrating cells in integrinβ1 shRNA group decreased from 52 ±5 to 21 ±4( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 mRNA decreased from 0.592 ± 0.073,0.847 ± 0.069 to 0.102 ± 0.034,0.273 ± 0.071 ; the expression of M MP2 and MMP 9 protein decreased from 0.225 ± 0.046,0.416 ±0.081 to 0.059 ±0.013,0.106 ±0.022(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Recombinant integrinβ1 shRNA expression plasmid can effectively inhibit the expression of integrinβ1 gene and suppress the invasion of PANC1 cells in vitro by down-regulating MMP 2 and MMP 9 gene expression.

Objective To discuss the frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage and its diag- nosis.Methods The clinical materials of 79 cases of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage were analyzed.Results 56% of the hemorrhage was caused by arterial-venous malformation.48% of the hemorrhage was caused by occult AVM.Conclusion AVM is the most frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage.CTA plays a special role in its diagnosis.