Objective To analyze the Brucellosis incidence and to predict the trends of the disease in Shanxi province and the national in recent years,which could provide the reference for surveillance,prevention and control of the disease.Methods Brucellosis data which was reported monthly during January 2006 and December 2010 in Shanxi province and the data released by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention during January 2005 and December 2010 were collected.Several indexes,such as the annual increasing number,the development rate,growth rate and other indicators were applied to compare Shanxi province with the national Brucellosis epidemic in recent years.What's more,the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) was fitted respectively with the data of Brucellosis incident number reported monthly,so as to predict the prevalence status in the coming two years by verifying the fitting effect.Results Brucellosis prevalence of Shanxi province reached the peak in 2008,and the incidence number was 5397,which was 900 more than 2007.From the onset of decline after 2008,the prevalence decreased by 17.67％ (906/5128) in 2010.However,national incidence of Brucellosis kept increasing before 2009 and the prevalence increased rapidly from 2007 to 2008,and the growth rate reached 39.16％ (8442/21 560).Although the number of Brucellosis fell by 2041 cases in 2010 than in 2009,the rate of decline was only 5.14％(2041/37 734).The fastigium of Brucellosis was from May to July yearly whether Shanxi province or the country.The ARIMA models of Shanxi province and the nation were ARIMA [(1,0,1)(1,1,0)12] and ARIMA[(1,0,1)(0,1,1)12],respectively,according to the incidence numbers reported monthly.The fitting effect of models showed that the predicted values of the two models were both consistent with the actual situation and all predicted values fell within the 95％ confidence limits,which depicted that they both fitted well.The predicted values depict that the incidence of Brucellosis overall trend was basically stable in Shanxi province,while the numbers in the nation would increase in a small extent in 2011 and 2012.The fastigium of Brucellosis was still from May to July yearly.Conclusions Brucellosis control measures are effective in Shanxi province,incidence of Brucellosis declining.The ARIMA model could predict the number of Brucellosis well,which can provide a valuable reference for the predication and evaluation of Brucellosis epidemic in the future.

Objective To observe the clinical effect and security of carvedilol on children with endocardial fibroelastosis(EFE).Methods Eighteen children with EFE treatment with carvedilol.The improvement of clinical symptom,heart rate,heart function,side effect and maximal tolerance dose after treatment with carvedilol were observed.Results The clinical symptom was obviously improved;eiection fraction(EF),fractional shortening(FS),mean velocity of circumferential fiber(Mvcf)were significantly increased,left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVDS),left ventricular mass(LVmass),interventricular septal thickness(IVSs)were notably decreased after treatment with carvedilol.Conclusions The data indicates that carvedilol can significantly reduce left ventricular diastolic dimension(LVDD),IVSs,and LVmass,inhibit the remodeling of ventricle,significantly elevate the heart function of EFE.So carvedilol is benefit and security on children with EFE.

AIM:To investigate the effect of cyclopamine on Hedgehog (HH) signaling, phenotypic transfor-mation and matrix accumulation induced by aristolochic acid (AA) in renal tubular epithelial cell NRK-52E.METHODS:NRK-52E cells were randomly divided into control group (treated with solvent only), AA group (treated with AA at con-centrations of 1, 5, 10 mg/L) and cyclopamine group (treated with AA at concentration of 10 mg/L plus cyclopamine at concentrations of 1, 5, 10μmol/L).After cultured for 24 h, the mRNA expression of Ptch1, Smo,α-SMA, E-cadherin, ZO-1, BMP-7, type I collagen and type III collagen was quantified by real-time PCR.The protein levels of Shh and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA .Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the expression of Ptch 1, Smo,α-SMA, E-cadherin and type III collagen in the NRK-52E cells.RESULTS: AA increased the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA and type III collagen, decreased the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 protein, and down-regulated the expression of Ptch1, Shh and Smo mRNA in the NRK-52E cells, indicating that AA activated HH signaling , and phenotypic transformation and matrix accumulation occurred in AA-treated NRK-52E cells.Treatment with cyclopamine inhibited HH signaling by decrea-sing Smo expression and increasing Ptch 1 expression.Moreover, cyclopamine also down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1,α-SMA, type I collagen and III collagen , and up-regulated the expression of BMP-7, ZO-1 and E-cadherin.CON-CLUSION:AA induces phenotypic transformation and matrix accumulation in renal tubular epithelial cells , which can be inhibited by cyclopamine treatment .The possible mechanism is that cyclopamine suppresses the activation of HH signaling , resulting in the reduction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and matrix deposition .

Recently a great number of new immunodepressants have emerged due to the side effects of steroids.Therefore,relatively more perfect steroid withdrawl regimens have been studied by many researchers at home and abroad.This article reviews the course of steroid withdrawal in liver transplantation,introduces and compares different protocols of steroid withdrawal.

Objective To investigate the expression of monocyte-macrophage-related factors and interstitial fibrosis in kidney tissues of rats with ureter obstruction and recanalization .Methods Forty-eight male Spragur-Dawley rats were divided randomly into the obstructive group:sham (n=6), unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)3 days (n=6), UUO 7 days (n=6), and UUO 14 days (n=6) and recanalization group:bilateral ureteral obstruction(RBUO)0 day (n=6), 3 days after RBUO (n=6), 7 days after RBUO (n=6), and 14 days after RBUO (n=6).The kidneys were excised on day 3, 7, and 14, and the deposition of collagen fibers in kidney was detected with HE and Masson staining . Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and activated-macrophage marker CD68.Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of MCP-1 and M-CSF.TGF-β1 levels were determined by ELISA .Results Fibrosis observed with HE and Masson staining was obviously increased in kidney tissue of UUO rats , and aggravated as time prolonged, but alleviated in rats with recanalization .TGF-β1 levels were increased obviously in the UUO group , but decreased in rats with recanalization compared with those in BUO rats .In UUO rats, mRNA and protein expression levels of MCP-1 and M-CSF were increased .MCP-1 and M-CSF expression was gradually decreased in rats with recanalization compared with those in BUO rats .The dynamic change in expression of MCP-1 and M-CSF in both UUO rats and recanalization rats was consistent with the change in expression of CD 68. Conclusion Dynamic change in expression of MCP-1 and M-CSF in kidney tissues reflects change of activated and accumulated monocyte -macrophages , which may be one of the major mechanisms contributing to fibrosis induced by ureter obstruction .Renal fibrosis is alleviated by down-regulated expression of monocyte-macrophages factors with recanalization operation .

The biological artificial liver(BAL) can offer reliable artificial liver support for the patients with hepatic failure.All BAL devices contain hepatocytes as their biological component,whose specific biological characteristics contribute to the function of the BAL.During the past two decades,various cells including human hepatocytes,heterogeneous hepatocytes and liver cell lines have been used and different culture methods have been studied to optimize the activity of the biological component.However,both functionality and safety of these cells should be improved before successful use in BAL. This paper summarizes the latest progress on it.

Animals ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ureteral Obstruction ; pathology

A perplexing developmental error is 46,XX congenital absence of vagina ( Mayer-Rokitan-sky-Kster-Hauser syndrome, Mullerian dysgenesis, vaginal aplasia ). The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrome refers to the climical entity consisting of primary amenorrhea associated with congenital absence of the vagina, 46,XX karyototype, a rudimentary uterus or complete absense, normal overian function and normal ovulation, normal female breast development, body proprotion and body hair, frequent association of renal, skeletal and other cpngenital anomalies. This syndrome results from agenesis of both Mllerian ducts or from a failure of the Mllerian ducts to estavlish a proper communication with that part of the vagina from the urogenital sinus. A case of mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrom was reviewed briefly.
Amenorrhea ; Breast ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Ovulation ; Uterus ; Vagina

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of the tracheal stent implantation for treatment of malignant tracheal stenosis under general anaesthesia. Methods Eighteen patients with malignant tracheal stenosis underwent preoperative 64-slice spiral CT scan and airway reconstruction. The stenotic sites were located in main tracheal trunk(5 patients),in right main bronchus( 1 patient),in trachea and left main bronchus (4 patients),in trachea and right main bronchus (3 patients),in main tracheal trunk and bilateral main bronchus(5 patients).The degree of stenosis was rated 51％ to 70％ in 7 cases,71％ to 90％ in 11 cases.All patients,17 patients of ASA grade 1V and 1 patient of grade Ⅲ,presented with severe dyspnea. Under general anaesthesia,implantation of metallic stent was performed through the sputum aspiration hole of the connecting tubing with DSA guidance.The NBP,ECG,RR,SaO2 of the patients were recorded and compared with t test during the entire procedure. At the end of the procedure,relief of dyspnea,complications related to anesthesia and operation were recorded. Results The success rate of stent placement was 18/18,and dyspnea was significantly relived in all patients. Slightly bloody sputum occurred in 7 cases.The stent was obstructed by sputum in 1case,and the patient was treated with medication.There were no severe complications.The operative course were rated 11 to 9 in 17 cases,and 6 to 8 in 1 case.All 18 patients were cooperative during the procedure.Sixteen patients rated the procedure as very comfortable and 2 rated the procedure as comfortable.Respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) decreased in all patients after the operation [ ( 37.1 ± 2.8 )/min and ( 106.5 ± 14.2 ) bpm before the operation respectively,( 18.6 ± 1.4)/min and ( 73.2 ± 7.6) bpm after the operation respectively ],t =17.81 and 3.80,P ＜ 0.01.Pulse oxygen saturation ( SaO2 ) during the operation [ ( 91.2 ± 1.8 ) ％ ]increased [ (76.3 ± 8.6 )％ before the operation ] and increased further after the operation [ (94.5 ±4.3 ) ％ ],t =2.06 and 2.26,P ＜ 0.01.Blood pressure (BP) showed no changes throughout the operation (P ＞ 0.05 ).The conprehensive assessment of operation were favorable in all patients. Conclusion With careful preoperative evaluation and planning, tracheal stent implantation under general anaesthesia in patients with malignant tracheal stenosis is feasible and safe.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. Methods A retrospective study of clinical characteristics and imaging findings of pathologically proved cystic lymphangiomas in 7 adults (2 males and 5 females;mean age,51 years) was conducted,and comparisons were made between these findings and operative and pathological results.All the patients presented no special clinical manifestation.Ultrasonography and CT scan showed smoothly margined cystic masses ranging from 6 cm?7 cm to 20 cm?21 cm;some of them had septums, and the walls and septums could be partially enhanced. Preoperative definite diagnosis was made in only 1 case by CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of the lymphangioma; while the others were misdiagnosed as abdominal cavity cysts(2 cases)and retroperitoneal space-occupying cystic lesions(4 cases). Results Complete extirpation was performed in 6 cases,and subtotal cystectomy,in 1 case because of the liver and pancreas involvement by the tumor.Postoperatively,all the lesions were pathologically proved to be retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma.There was no recurrence during the follow-up of 9 months to 10 years,except for 1 case undergoing subtotal cystectomy who had local recurrence 5 months after operation. Conclusions Ultrasonography and CT are the most useful imaging modality for locating the site and determining the nature of lymphangioma . Surgical excision is the first choice for the treatment.