OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte apoptosis gene in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with cold dampness type (CDT), and to explore its correlation with clinical indicators of RA.

METHODSSixteen RA patients with CDT (as the RA group) and 16 healthy subjects (as the normal control group) were recruited. CD4 T cell apoptosis rate was detected in the RA group and the normal control group using FCM. mRNA expressions of fas, fasL, caspase-3, caspase-8, bcl-2, and bax were detected using RT-PCR. Correlations between the expression of apoptosis gene and clinical activity indicators of RA (ESR, CRP, RF, CCP, integrals for Chinese medial symptoms, morning stiffness time, joint tenderness number, joint swelling number, DAS28-3) were analyzed.

RESULTSThe apoptosis rate of CD4+ T was significantly lower in the RA group than in the control group [(2. 6 +/- 0.9) % vs. (7.7 +/- 1.3) %, P < 0.01]. mRNA expression levels of fas, fasL, caspase-8, caspase-3, and bax mRNA of CD4+ T significantly decreased, but bcl-2 mRNA expression increased in the RA group (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate of CD4+ T was negatively correlated with ESR (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of caspase-8 was negatively correlated with joint swelling number (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of bcl-2 was negatively correlated with integrals for Chinese medial-symptoms and joint function classification (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONApoptosis obstacle exists in peripheral blood CD4 +T lymphocyte of RA patients, and is closely related to disease activity.

Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger

Objective To investigate the effect on cell cycle of hepatitis B virus x protein and ap- proach the molecular mechanism of x protein's carcinogenesis. Methods Gene transfection mediated by the lipofectamine was used to introduce the eukaryotic expression vector of HBV x gene into human hepato- cellular carcinoma cell line HepG2(HepG2X cell).The selective medium containing G418 was used to select the cell clones which the X protein was expressed constantly.Flow eytometry was used to detect the cycle of the cells;raf-1 protein was detected by Western blot.Results X protein could be expressed on 21?10~3 loca- tion in the transfected cells,while there were no protein expressed in the control cells.The proliferation of X cells increased significantly according to MTS method(P

OBJECTIVE: Because of the widely origin, easily isolation and cultivation, the powerful multiplication ability and some other characteristics, endothelial progenitor cells have become the most important seeding cells in tissue-engineered vascular, but the condition to become a vascular in vitro, characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells and their progress in research and application in the tissue-engineered vascular deserve further study. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of PUBMED database was undertaken to identify articles about endothelial progenitor cells being seeding cells in tissue-engineered vascular application published from January 1997 to July 2006 by using the keywords of "Endothelial progenitor cells,Tissue-engineered vascular,Tissue Engineering Blood Vessel" in English. STUDY SELECTION: The data were selected firstly, and quotation of each articles were read. Inclusive criteria: all articles related to the characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells and their progress in research and application in the tissue-engineered vascular were selected. Exclusive criteria: repetitive research or Meta articles were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 136 articles were collected, of which 30 articles were associated with inclusive criteria. The 106 excluded articles were with old content or repetitive research. The 30 articles contained 8 articles on characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells, 14 articles about the advantages of endothelial progenitor cells as seeding cells in tissue-engineered vascular application, 8 articles on the application of endothelial progenitor cells construction in tissue-engineered vascular. DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Endothelial progenitor cells could be isolated from bone-marrow, peripheral blood, spleen and so on. They expressed CD133 and distinction from endothelial cells by CD133. Endothelial progenitor cells could transform to endothelial cells and smooth muscles, too. ② Endothelial progenitor cells could raise the density of capillary and the number of angiovascular. There were many research indicated that endothelial progenitor cells could improve ischemic, repair the injure of endocardium; Endothelial progenitor cells could improve reendothelialization, protect endomembrane, and hold the integrity of endomembrane; when incorporated with ischemic vascular, endothelial progenitor cells could improve patency rate and prevent restenosis. ③ With smooth muscle cells and some other materials, endothelial progenitor cells could widely applied in constructing tissue-engineered vascular and have a brilliant prospect in the tissue-engineering blood vessel. CONCLUSION: The research of endothelial progenitor cells will have a breakthrough in the expression of its vessel and the function in the organization remodeling. As one of the seeding cells, endothelial progenitor cells have widely origin and the powerful multiplication ability, and they have a brilliant prospect in the tissue-engineering blood vessel.

To study the significance of the levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines (IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and TNF-?) in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity. Methods Forty untreated DVT cases were selected as the subjects in the DVT group, while thirty healthy subjects, whose ages and genders showed no significant difference with the DVT patients, were collected as the control group. The plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-? were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the plasma level of IL-10 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between the levels of different inflammatory cytokines within DVT group. Results The levels of plasma cytokines in the DVT group were all significantly higher than those in control group (P

Objective To evaluate the role of cadiocyte connexin 43 (Cx43) in mito-KATP channel mediated cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury induced by sevoflurane preconditioning in isolated rat hearts.Methods Forty hearts from male adult SD rats weghing 200-250 g were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution with 95 ％ O2-5 ％ CO2 at 36.5-37.5 ℃.Their hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each): control group (group C),group I/R,sevoflurane preconditioning group (group S),sevoflurane preconditioning + 5-HD group (group SH) and 5-HD group (group H).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.After 10 min of equilibration,group C received continuous perfusion and LAD was exposed but not occluded.Group I/R received continuous perfusion for 30 min and LAD was occluded.In group S,SH and H,3％ sevoflurane,3 ％ sevoflurane mixed with 100μmmol/L 5-HD and 100 tmmol/L 5-HD was added into K-H solution to perfuse for 15 min respectively.After that,the hearts were washed by K-H solution for 15 min.HR,left ventricular systolic pressure ( LVSP),left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) and ± dp/dtmax were recorded before administration (T0),immediately after administration (T1),immediately before ischemia ( T2 ),at 30 min of ischemia (T3) and 120 min of reperfusion (T4).At the end of reperfusion,left ventricular tissue was removed for determination of myocardial infarct size and expression of Cx43 and phosphor Cx43 (p-Cx43) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot respectively.Results Compared with group C,HR,LVSP and ± dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,LVDP was increased and the expression of Cx43 and p-Cx43 were down-regulated in groups I/R,SH and H (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,HR,LVSP and ± dp/dtmax were significantly increased,LVDP and myocardial infarct size decreased,and the expression of Cx43 and p-Cx43 up-regulated in group S ( P ＜ 0.05),no significant difference was found in groups S + H and H( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can open mito-KATP channel,promote cadiocyte Cx43 phosphorylation,attenuate I/R injury in isolated rat hearts.

Objective To evaluate the value of digital subtraction computed tomography angiography(DSCTA)in the diagnosis of intracranial small aneurysms.Methods 92 patients with intracranial aneurysms confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) or surgery were selected as the subjects of this study.Their clinical and CT imaging data were analyzed retrospectively.The diagnos-tic accuracy of DSCTA and conventional CTA for intracranial aneurysms was compared.Results A total of 102 aneurysms were con-firmed in the 92 patients,100 of them were detected by DSCTA and 89 by conventional CTA (χ2 =8.707,P =0.003).Two small aneurysms of less than 5.0 mm located respectively at the cavernous sinus and beneath the clinoid segments were missed by DSCTA, while 13 by conventional CTA.When aneurysms of less than 3.0 mm and 3.0-5.0 mm were combined with calculation,the sensi-tivity of DSCTA in detecting aneurysms of less than 5.0 mm was significantly higher than that of conventional CTA (χ2 =8.393,P =0.004).Conclusion DSCTA has more advantages than conventional CTA in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms,especially for the small aneurysms adjacent to the skull base.DSCTA can be used as a preferred technique in the screening and diagnosis of in-tracranial aneurysms.

Objective To analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of candida isolated from children with blood infections in our hospital,and to provide reference for clinical effective prevention and treatment.Methods The blood specimens of pediatric patients were collected between January 2009 and December 2015,and were cultured using BacT/ALERT 3D and BD9140 instruments.The candida were separated with Sobaurandps agar culture medium,and identified with chromogenic medium,API 20CAUX test strips or VITEK-2 compact YST card.The minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 drugs were determined by ATB FUNGUS 3 system.Results In 176 cases,92 strains (52.3％) were from neonatal ward,and 46 strains (26.1％) were from PICU.In newborn group,85 strains were isolated from premature,which contained the low and very low birth weight infants (37 strains),pneumonia(20 strains),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(9 strains).In PICU,the strains were commonly isolated from children with severe infection.Among 176 strains of candida,71 strains (40.3％) were C.albicans,62 strains (35.2％) were C.parapsilosis,16 strains(9.1％) were C.glabrata,9 strains(5.1％) were C.tropicalis,and 18 strains(10.2％) belonged to other candida.Conclusion Candida blood infections can happen at all age of chlidren.The most common strains detected from blood were C.albicans,followed by C.parapsilosis.Most of these strains are susceptible to antifungal drugs,such as fluconazole,except C.glabrata.The sensitive rates to commonly used antifungal drug are more than 93％.The selection of antifungal drugs should be based on the species of strains.

Objective To study the clinical application of the complete audiologic evaluation battery consisting of ABR,ASSR and behavioral audiometry in sound field for the identification of sensorineural losses in children.Methods In the study 48 children were divided as group PTA of the children assessed by pure tone audiometry and ABR and ASSR test,and group BA of the children unable to perform on behavioral evaluations.Results The analysis of the audiometric results of group PTA showed significant correlation between the ASSR thresholds and pure tone thresholds(P＜0.01) at various frequencies.The correlation coefficients were 0.75,0.76,0.76,and 0.83 at different frequencies.The ASSR-PTA linear regression was utilized.The comparison of the ABR and ASSR results of group BA indicated that 23 ears responded in ASSR but without responses in ABR.Those without ASSR responses also had no ABR There were 116 tests in total four frequencies for the 29 ears.83 responses were obtained from ASSR,89 responses from behavior audiometry and 96 from the use of the both tests.Conclusion The comprehensive audiologic evaluation battery could be used to test younger children with severe heating loss children as compared to the pure tone audiometry alone.More detailed data can be obtained thus from children to assist in rehabilitation in a more effective mariner.

DPP-4 inhibitors are new oral hypoglycemic drugs and hot spots developed and launched in recent years, and they pro-vide new choices for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. In China, DPP-4 inhibitors that are approved to use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are all imported products currently. In the paper, the current intellectual property situation of DPP-4 inhibitors that are developed and approved at home and abroad is researched and analyzed. Reasonable use of the patent information of DPP-4 inhibitors that is about to expire or have failed can provide good guidance for the subsequent development of DPP-4 inhibitors in domestic with promising curative effect and good market prospects, and can generate new patents in order to enhance the market competitiveness.

With the surge of high-throughput sequencing technology, it is becoming popular to perform the phylogenetic study based on genomic data. A bundle of new terms is emerging, such as phylogenomics, pharmacophylogenomics and phylotranscriptomics, which are somewhat overlapping with pharmaphylogeny. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics, in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Pharmaphylogeny, advocated by Prof. Pei-gen Xiao since 1980s, focuses on the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal plants and is thus nurtured by molecular phylogeny, chemotaxonomy and bioactivity studies. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development, and extend the field of pharmaphylogeny at the omic level, thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined. This review gives a brief analysis of the association and the distinguished feature of the pharmaphylogeny related terms, in the context of plant-based drug discovery and sustainable utilization of pharmaceutical resource.