Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Mutation ; Waardenburg Syndrome ; genetics

Objective To compare the clinical effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 156 patients with local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 1,2010 to December 31,2015 were collected.Among 156 patients,59 undergoing nCRT were allocated into the nCRT group and 97 undergoing nCT were allocated into the nCT group.Patients in the nCRT group and nCT group respectively received 2 cycles chemotherapy by the TP regimen+40 Gy radiotherapy (2 Gy/d) and 2 cycles chemotherapy by the TP regimen.Patients were evaluated by imaging examinations after 6 weeks neoadjuvant therapy completion,and then underwent abdominal and right chest-left cervico three-incision thoracoscopic surgery.Observation indicators:(1) treatment situations;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed once every 3 months within 2 years and once every 6 months after 3 years up to January 2017.Follow-up included levels of tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and SCC-Ag],thoracic or abdominal computed tomography (CT),neck and abdominal ultrasonography and gastroscopy or PET/CT examination if necessary.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range) and comparison between groups was analyzed using the nonparametric test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Comparison of ordinal data was done by the nonparametric test.The survival rate was calculated using the life table method and survival was analyzed by the Log-rank test.Results (1) Treatment situations:all the patients in the 2 groups were able to burden neoadjuvant therapy and thoracic esophagectomy.Six patients in the nCRT group and 15 in the nCT group had conversion to open surgery.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases with postoperative readmission of ICU,cases with complications,cases with perioperative death and duration of hospital stay were (201 ± 25) minutes,(137± 66)mL,5,24 (10 with pulmonary complications,8 with anastomotic leakage,3 with hoarseness,2 with cardiovascular complications and 1 with chylopleura),0,12 days (range,9-93 days) in the nCRT group and (195±20) minutes,(133±58) mL,8,30 (11 with anastomotic leakage,10 with pulmonmy complications,4 with hoarseness,2 with cardiovascular complications,1 with postoperative hemorrhage,1 with delayed gastric emptying and 1 with chylopleura),1,11 days (range,9-78 days) in the nCT group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.883,t =0.102,0.692,x2 =0.048,1.541,Z =0.225,P＞ 0.05).(2) Postoperative pathological examination:R0 resection rate was 96.6％ in the nCRT group and 93.8％ in the nCT group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.589,P＞0.05).Results of postoperative pathological examination showed that G0,G1,G2 and G3 of tumor regression grade were respectively detected in 18,16,7,18 patients in the nCRT group and 4,5,4,84 patients in the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (Z=-7.151,P＜0.05).Stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢA,Ⅲ B and ⅣA of postoperative ypTNM stage were respectively detected in 16,9,23,4,6,1 patients in the nCRT group and 4,9,37,6,34,7 in the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (Z=-4.890,P＜0.05).The down-staging was detected in 48 patients of the nCRT group and 50 patients of the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=13.957,P＜0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:of 156 patients,153 were followed up for 12-82 months,with a median time of 36 months.The 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 88.1％,61.4％,34.9％ in the nCRT group and 81.4％,43.8％,23.1％ in the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=4.336,P＜0.05).Conclusion The nCRT in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can enhance postoperative pathological response rate,down-staging rate and overall survival rate compared with nCT,without increasing incidence of perioperative complications.

Objective Detailed descriptions of the double-labeling immunofluorescence staining for fluorescence microscopy provides an ideal sample.Methods Rat liver frozen sections were used fixative were 95％ alcohol,95％ formaldehyde and acetone,frozen sections,with anti-CSE,Ki-67 polyclonal antibody and incubated with FITC,Cy3 fluorescence-labeled secondary fluorescently labeled secondary antibody staining,observed under a fluorescence microscope.Results Acetone fixed group visible in the proliferative phase (S phase) cells showed a red fluorescent nucleus,cytoplasmic green fluorescence.Conclusion The impact of double labeling immunofluorescence the effect of sample links and many factors,including the two most important factors are 2 and coordination with the primary antibody and select the appropriate fixative.

·AlM: To investigate pathogeny and effects of surgery on paralytic strabismus.
· METHODS: A retrospective study was done in 46 patients with paralytic strabismus who underwent squint correction in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2013. Among 26 horizontal strabismus, the cases of extra rectus palsy was 16, internal rectus palsy was 10.Among all20 vertical strabismus, the cases of superior oblique palsy, superior rectus palsy, inferior rectus palsy, double elevator palsy counted for 7, 8, 2 and 3, respectively. Pathogenesis: trauma was 19 cases, followed by 10 cases that the causes could not be identified.Nine was congen ital paralytic strabismus, 8 o ccurred after nose or brain surgery. The surgery methods included rectus muscle recession, rectus muscle resection, partial rectus muscle transposition, Jensen procedure, inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition of inferior oblique. Statistical software SPSS10.0 was used in chi-square test between two groups, while the situation of paralysis eye movements improved by two methods in the horizontal strabismus group was compared with t test.
· RESULTS: Among all horizontal strabismus the rate of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 20 ( 77%) , 5 ( 19%) and 1 ( 4%) , respectively. Among vertical strabismus the ratio of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 15 (75%), 3 (15%) and 2 (10%).There was no significantly difference between the two groups ( P >0.05 ). The movements of paralytic eyes were improved. Two procedures used in horizontal strabismus, can improve paralysis eye movements were 3.76 ±0.91, 3.72 ±0.84mm, with no significant difference (P=0.93) statistically.
· CONCLUSlON: Paralytic strabismus in adults had complicated conditions. Choosing different operation methods in treating paralytic strabismus according to the degree of paralysis can result in satisfactory cosmetically alignment of the eyes and modify head position and diplopia.

Objective To assess the association between NOD2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and leprosy in Chinese Yi population.Methods Whole blood samples were obtained from 300 patients with leprosy and 300 healthy human controls of Yi nationality in Sichuan province.Genomic DNA was extracted,and a SNaPshot assay was performed to determine the genotypes of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOD2 gene,including rs9302752,rs7194886,rs8057341 and rs3135499.Chi-square test was conducted to compare allele frequency,and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested.Results The genotype distribution of all the four SNPs was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (all P ＞ 0.05).Significant differences were observed between the patients with leprosy and healthy controls in both genotype distribution and allele frequency of the SNP rs3135499 (both P ＜ 0.01),but not in those of the other three SNPs (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The SNP rs3135499 of the NOD2 gene may be associated with the development of leprosy in Chinese Yi population.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the curative effect and surigical skills of reconstruction intramedullary nailing in the treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to January 2013, 13 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures were treated by reconstruction intramedullary nailing including 11 males and 2 females with an average age of 38.9 yeas old ranging from 25 to 53 years old. For femoral neck fractures,10 cases were basilar neck fracture, 3 were transcervical fractures and according to Garden classification,10 were type II, 2 were type III and 1 was type IV. For feormal shaft fracture, 5 were type I, 4 were type II, 3 were type III and 1 was type IV according to Winquist classification. The location of all 13 feormal shaft fractures were all in the uper 3/4 of the feormal shaft. Complications and postoperative function were recorded and evaluated.

RESULTSEleven patients were followed up for 23.45 months (12 to 36 months). Time from injury to operation was 5.9 days in average. Malunion of femoral neck fracture happened in 1 patient, nonunion of femoral shaft fracture happened in 2 patients. NO femoral head osteonecrosis, infection and malunion of femoral shaft fracture happened. According to Friedman-Wyman classification, 8 cases get good result, 2 get faii and 1 get poor.

CONCLUSIONReconstruction intramedullary nailing is a good choice for the ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures with the advantages of less soft-tissue trauma and complications.

Adult ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the Carryover between the chemistry and immunoassay in Beckman Coulter Laboratory Au-tomation System and decide to whether sharing samples for testing between chemistry and immunoassay systems or not. Methods According to a certain order,high concentration samples and low concentration samples of HCG with different sample volume (500 μl,2 000 μl)were tested on Beckman AU5421 automatic biochemical analyzer.The HCG of low concen-tration samples were then tested to evaluate the carryover between the chemistry and immunoassay and explored the correc-tive procedure to deal with the carryover by increasing special cleaning process of beckman AU5421 automatic biochemistry analyzer.Results Under different sample volume,the carryover in a single module and as a whole of the beckman AU5421 automatic biochemistry analyzer were 5.44,15.47,23.51 and 45.96 ppm respectively (t=14.553,P <0.001;t=5.527,P =0.005;t=3.985,P =0.016;t=20.457,P <0.001).By increasing special cleaning process the carryover of 0.22 ppm was detected in 500 μl sample volume of the beckman AU5421 automatic biochemistry analyzer as a whole.Conclusion The car-ryover between the chemistry and immunoassay in Beckman Coulter Laboratory Automation System could been sovled by in-creasing special cleaning process of beckman AU5421 automatic biochemistry analyzer.

ObjectiveTo investigate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC) express brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF) and their protective effect for neural stem cells (NSCs).MethodsBMSC were obtained from rat tibiae and femurs and centrifuged with Ficoll. The passage 3 cells were chosen to make immunocytochemical stain for CD44, CD71 and CD45. The expression of BDNF and NGF was detected in BMSC with RT-PCR, as well as in the media with ELISA. The media that cultured BMSC were collected as BMSC condition media. NSCs were obtained from cerebral cortex of new-born rat and cultured in vitro. After different ratio of BMSC condition midia were added, NSCs were induced to apoptosis with heat-shock, then NSCs were dyed with Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit and apoptosis rates were tested with flow cytometry. ResultsBMSC were CD44(+), CD45(-), CD71(+) and expressed BDNF and NGF mRNA. BDNF and NGF could be tested in the media of cultured BMSC and increase with cultured time. BMSC condition media could reduce the ratio of heat-induced apoptosis of NSCs, and more BMSC condition media showed better effect. ConclusionBMSC can express neurotrophic factores and protect neural stem cells from heat-induced apoptosis.

Objective: To stuby the effects of baicalin on r at hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumornecrosis factora (TNF-α) and actinomyc in D (Act D) in vitro. Methods: Hepatocytes were cultared with different concentrations of baicalin and the cell apoptosis was induced by TNF -α and Act D in vitro. After culturing for 24 h, the activity of hepatocyts wa s examined by MTT assay and the function of hepatocytes for secreting albumin w as detected by bromocresolum Viride method. Agarose gelelectrophoresis and flowc ytometric analysis were used to determine the apoptotic cells. Results: The activety of the hepatocyte (A) and content of albumin (ALB) in the supematant of cultured cells in the groups of 0.2 μg*ml-1 and 2.0 μg* ml-1 of baicaline were significantly higher than those in apoptotic model group (A:P<0.01; ALB:P<0.01);respectively Even the ALB value in the grou p of 0.2 μg*ml-1 baicalin was higher that of black control group (P< 0.01); The clear “ladder-like” streak-band of DNA fragments was foundonly in the apoptosis model group by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The flow cytomet ry showed that all the apoptosis rates in the three baicalin groups were lower t han that of the apoptotic model group (P<0.01)。Conclusion: Baicaline can restrain rat hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-α and ActD in vitro.

Objective To establish a citrate pharmacokinetics model which is applied to evaluate the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with liver dysfunction in the continuous renal replacement treatment (CRRT) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). Methods The source of citrate for extracorporeal anticoagulation, the body clearance and filter elimination of citrate, which were the three major citrate fluxes of systemic citrate level, were combined into a single-pool, first order kinetic equation. The data from a published clinical study of systemic citrate kinetics in the intensive care unit patients with or without liver cirrhosis were adapted and the citrate kinetic equation was applied to predict the risk of systemic citrate accumulation in patients with normal, impaired and absent liver clearance while different RCA-CRRT protocols were carried out. Results The single pool, first order citrate kinetic modeling equation was as follows:Csys=C(0)·e-[(clb+clf)·t/V]+G/CLb+CLf×(1-e-[(clb+clf)·t/V])There was excellent agreement between published citrate measurements and our predictions. Kinetic modeling showed that the plasma citrate concentration of patients with normal citrate body clearance was no more than 1 mmol/L during common RCA-CRRT. The model predicted that when the single pass fractional extraction of citrate on the artificial kidney was above 66％, systemic steady citrate concentration would be among the safe range even in patients of impaired body metabolism of citrate.Conclusions The citrate kinetic model of RCA-CRRT can predict the risk of systemic citrate accumulation and provide the basis for designing the safe RCA-protocols for the patients with impaired body clearance of citrate.