Adenoma ; Adult ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Objective To purify ?-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) strongly combined to datura stramonim (DSA) lectin from human liver cancer tissue,which will be used as the antigen to produce antibodies for early diagnosis of liver cancer.Methods The GGT strongly combined to DSA lectin in human liver cancer tissue was purified by lectin affinity chromatography from human liver cancer tissue, including rough extraction,dialysis,ion-exchange chromatography and lectin affinity chromatography.Results The catalysis units per milligram protein of GGT increased about 84.9 times.The yield of the GGT was 1.60%.Conclusion The protocol in this study is efficient to purity GGT from human liver cancer tissue.

Objective To investigate the effects of electromagnetic irradiation on the activity of protein kinase C(PKC)in the cerebellum of rabbit.Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into control and electromagnetic irradi.ation group (including 0 hour,3 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 72 hours subgroups after irradiation),rabbits in the electromagnetic irradiation group were exposed to 65 mW/cm~2 S frequency range electromagnetic irradiation for 30 minutes,the rectal temperature was taken immediately after irradiation and the specific absorption rate(SAR)values were calculated,the activity of PKC the cerebellum was determined with improved TaKai method.Results The rectal temperature of rabbits increased 2.35 ℃ after irradiation,SAR value was 4.54 kcal/kg.PKC activity decreased significantly after irradiation.Conclusion After 30 min of electromagnetic irradiation at 65 mW/cm~2,obvious heating effect will be detected in the rabbit and PKC activity in the cerebellum decreased significantly.

Objective To investigate the dose and time kinetics of induction of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in J urkat leukemiacells, and to explore its pertinent molecular mechanisms. Methods Human Jurkat leukemia T - cells were treated with doxorubicin at theconcentration of 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L for 6,12,24 and 36 hours, respectively, of which one sample was pre-treated with zVAD- fmk (benzyloxycarbonyl - Val -Ala - Asp - fluoromethylketone) prior to addition of doxorubicin 0.2 mg/L. Apop-tosis was detected with both annexin V - FITC and propidium iodide ( PI ) staining and annexin V FITC and PI double positive cellswere analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to evaluate the level of Fas ligand (FasL) and FADD (Fas - associated death do-main) expression. Results The differences of apoptotic cells induced by all dose of doxorubicin were not significant (P＞0.05 ) at 6hour;at 12 hour, only the highest dose, 1 mg/L, significantly induced cell apoptosis;while the lowest dose,0.1 mg/L, did not significantlycaused cell apoptosis for all time points. After exposure to the doses of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L for 24 or 36 hours,a significant increase in per-centage of apoptotic cells was observed (P ＜ 0.001 ). Apoptosis induced by doxorubicin was completely inhibited when the cells were incu-bated with doxorubicin in the presence of zVAD - fmk (P ＜ 0. 001 ). The level of FasL and FADD expression correspondingly increasedwith exposure time to doxorubicin. Conclusions Doxorubicin induces apoptosis in a dose - and time - dependent manner; upregulatedFasL may initiate the activation of the Fas signaling pathway and caspases are the ultimate executioner in the induction of leukemia cellapoptosis by doxorubicin.

0.05) at 6 hour;at 12 hour,only the highest dose,1 mg/L,significantly induced cell apoptosis;while the lowest dose,0.1 mg/L,did not significantly caused cell apoptosis for all time points.After exposure to the doses of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L for 24 or 36 hours,a significant increase in percentage of apoptotic cells was observed(P

AIMTo search for flavonoids which possess stronger vasorelaxation action.

METHODSFour quercetin glycosides (1a - d) were synthesized from quercetin in three steps i. e. selective protection of quercetin, condensation with corresponding acetyiglycosyl bromide, and then removal of the protecting group; Six flavone compounds (2a - f) were prepared from phloroglucinol according to the conventional methods; The structures of synthetic compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Vasorelaxation action of ten synthetic quercetin derivatives (or analogues) and four natural flavonoids compounds were examined on the isolated rat thoracic aorta rings; Comparative octanol-water partition coefficients (logP) were measured using a reversed-phase HPLC method.

RESULTSMost of the tested flavonoids showed concentration dependent relaxation effects against PE-induced contractions of rat aortic rings. These compounds had stronger action with the augment of logP values.

CONCLUSIONCompound 3-bromo-5 ,7-dihydroxyflavone (2d) was identified to have the most potent vasodilating action. These compounds exert vasodilating effects that are related to the logP values. A structure-activity relationship of flavonoids was suggested.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flavonoids ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Quercetin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology

Chinese materia medica resource (CMM resource) is the foundation of the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In the study of sustainable utilization of CMM resource, adopting innovative theory and method to find new CMM resource is one of hotspots and always highlighted. Pharmacophylogeny interrogates the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal organisms (especially medicinal plants), as well as the intrinsic correlation of morphological taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, chemical constituents, and therapeutic efficacy (ethnopharmacology and pharmacological activity). This new discipline may have the power to change the way we utilize medicinal plant resources and develop plant-based drugs. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics, in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development, and extends the field of pharmacophylogeny at the omic level, thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined in the context of plant pharmaceutical resources. This contribution gives a brief discourse of knowledge pedigree of pharmacophylogeny, epistemology and paradigm shift, highlighting the theoretical and practical values of pharmacophylogenomics. Many medicinally important tribes and genera, such as Clematis, Pulsatilla, Anemone, Cimicifugeae, Nigella, Delphinieae, Adonideae, Aquilegia, Thalictrum, and Coptis, belong to Ranunculaceae family. Compared to other plant families, Ranunculaceae has the most species that are recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP) 2010. However, many Ranunculaceae species, e. g., those that are closely related to CP species, as well as those endemic to China, have not been investigated in depth, and their phylogenetic relationship and potential in medicinal use remain elusive. As such, it is proposed to select Ranunculaceae to exemplify the utility of pharmacophylogenomics and to elaborate the new concept empirically. It is argued that phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of medicinally important tribes and genera within Ranunculaceae could be elucidated at the genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels, from which the intrinsic correlation between medicinal plant genotype and metabolic phenotype, and between genetic diversity and chemodivesity of closely related taxa, could be revealed. This proof-of-concept study regards pharmacophylogenomics as the updated version of pharmacophylogeny and would enrich the intension and spread the extension of pharmacophylogeny. The interdisciplinary knowledge and techniques will be integrated in the proposed study to promote development of CMM resource discipline and to boost sustainable development of Chinese medicinal plant resources.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Knowledge ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics

To assess whether the Shuxuening injection influences liver function, this paper analyzes the hospital information system (HIS) data from 20 national hospitals. The patients were divided two groups: patients (5 353 cases) using Shuxuening injection acted as the exposed group, then the patients (4 863 cases) not using Shuxuening injection acted as the unexposed group. Take the abnormal changes of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase indexes as the result. Control confounding factors by stratification analysis, classic logistic regression analysis, before logistic regression based on propensity score weighting method and logistic regression based on generalized boosted models (GBM) of propensity score weighted combination of covariate adjustment. Then, the study analyzes the effects of Shuxuening injection on liver function by observing the changes of the indexes. Analysis of the impact of parenterally administered Shuxuening on ALT shows that, before logistic regression based on propensity score, then the regression is -0.232 (P value is 0.017). However, after logistic regression based on propensity score method the regression became -0.150 (P value is 0.370). Whereas, analysis of the impact of parenterally administered Shuxuening on AST shows that, before logistic regression based on propensity score, then the regression is -0.034 (P value is 0.767). However, after logistic regression based on propensity score method the regression became -0.091(P value is 0.538). Thus, propensity score method can control a large number of confounding factors, making the results more close to the clinic. Hence, based on existing electronic medical data, this study didn't find that parenterally administered Shuexuening influences ALT and AST.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Recently, the D'Amico classification system is widely used for the risk stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) , although no consensus has been reached for the definition of high-risk PCa. This system defines high-risk PCa as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > 20 ng/ml, a Gleason score of 8-10, or a clinical stage ≥ T2c. Because high-risk PCa is prone to recurrence and metastasis after treatment, a proper initial therapy plays a crucial role. Currently, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are considered to be two most important options for the initial treatment of high-risk PCa although it remains controversial which is better.
Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Risk

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and value of applications on different surgical treatments of unstable fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine combined spinal cord injury. Methods From January 2008 to December 2011, 110 cases of unstable fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine combined spinal cord injury patients who underwent surgical reduction, decompression, stabilization and fusion were divided into three groups with different operations: anterior group of 40 cases, posterior group of 22 cases, coadunation group of 48 cases. Preoperative Frankel grade: A-class of 12 cases, B-class of 17 cases, C-class of 30 cases, D-class of 38 cases, E-class of 13 cases. The average Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral body and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores before operation and after operation were compared. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 -24 months, the averaged period was 16 months. Solid fusion were obtained in all the cases at 4.3 months post-operative. There were no vascular, nervous, esophagus or spinal cord iatrogenic injury complications during the operation. There were no pseudarthrosis, bone nonunion or bone resorption, and there was no complications related to internal fixation breakage, loosening or displacement. One or two degree of Frankel grade recovery was achieved after surgery. The average Cobb angle, sliding distance between vertebral body and JOA scores in three group after operation were significant improved than those before operation (P<0.05). The JOA scores in coadunation group was significantly higher than that in anterior group and posterior group:(15.8±3.7) scores vs.(13.8±5.6), (14.2±3.5) scores, P<0.05. Conclusions One-stage anterior-posterior approach surgery is an ideal choice for unstable fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine combined spinal cord injury, for it provides unlocking reduction, canal decompression, and rigid reconstruction of the anterior-posterior column.It is benefit for the functional recovery of the spinal cord. But the risk increased, according to patient' s conditions carefully choose surgical options.