Objective To investigate effects of rectal cancer to undergo total mesorectal excision (TME)or three space dissection(TSD)with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation(PANP).Methods TME or/ and TSD was applied in 247 Patients with advanced rectal cancer in which 185 cases (74.9 %) underwent PANP(Group P)including TME-PANP(Group Pro)139 cases and TSD-PANP(Group Ps)46 cases.The other 62 cases underwent none-PANP(Group P-)due to tumor invasion.Results There were no death cases for operation inall patients.Group Pm was better than Group Ps in the operation time and the difficulty of proce- dure(P0.05).Conclusion The procedure with TME to preserve pelvic autonomic nerves adapts to the majority of rectal cancer patients.TSD procedure is more complex than TME.Statistically,the survival differ- ence between Patients with TSD and with TME is no defective.The survival time is determined to the tumor's earlier diagnosis and therapy.

AIMTo determine the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in the expression of endothelin receptor type B (ETB) during culture.

METHODSSB386023, a specific inhibitor for ERK1/2 pathway, was used to define the intracellular signaling pathway for the upregulation of ETB receptors and sarafotoxin 6c (S6c), a selective agonist for ETB receptors, induced contraction in isolated rat superior mesenteric arteries. The contraction was recorded by a sensitive in vitro myograph and the receptor mRNA was quantified by a real-time PCR. The phosphorylated ERK1/2 proteins were analyzed by phosphoELISA assay.

RESULTSS6c induced strong contractile responses of the artery after culture for 24 h, while there was no response to S6c in fresh vessel segments. The enhanced contractile response to S6c paralleled with an increase of mRNA for ETB receptors. The phosphorylated ERK1/2 proteins significantly increased after culture for 3 h. After co-culture with SB386023 for 24 h, S6c-induced contractions significantly decreased with reduction of Emax from (217 +/- 14) % to (127 +/- 23) % (P <0.01). This response paralleled with a decreased level of ETB receptor mRNA.

CONCLUSIONERK1/2 pathway was involved in the up-regulation of ETB receptors on smooth muscle cells isolated from rat mesenteric arteries during culture.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Mesenteric Arteries ; cytology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Endothelin B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; pharmacology ; Viper Venoms ; pharmacology

Objective To study the effects of erythrecyte on brain edema after traumatic intrace- rebral hemorrhage(TICH)and explore the mechanisms of erythrocyte in brain edema development follow- ing TICH.Methods Firstly,the brain injury model of SD rat was established by applying a free-fall- ing device,then whole blood(WB),lysed RBC(LRBC)or parked RBC(PRBC)were infused with ste- reotactic guidance into injured cortex to produce the model of TICH.All rats were killed at 1,3,and 5 days after injury.The brain water content was measured,immunohistochomistry(SABC)was applied to test HO-1 and TNF-?expressions.Results 1.In WB group,PRBC group and TBI group,the brain water content was the highest on the third day.The brain water content of LRBC group was markedly higher on the first day than on the third and fifth days.Comparison among the four groups showed the wa- ter content was the highest on the 1st day in LRBC group,and on the 3rd day in WB and PRBC groups; there was no significant difference among the four groups on 5th day.2.The positive expression of HO-1 and TNF-?coincided with the change of the water content in groups of WB,PRBC and LRBC.Conclu- sions In rat model of TICH,RBC plays an important role in delayed brain edema formation(3 days after injury),but has no influence at early stage(1 day after injury).The mechanisms of delayed brain edema involves RBC breakdown and inflammation reaction.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of granulated cancellous bone autograft in treatment of refractory bone nonunion after limited contouring of bone ends. Methods Between 2003 and 2006, 13 patients with refractory bone nonunion were treated with external fixation and granulated cancellous bone autograft after limited contouring of bone ends. Results The mean follow-up period was 22.6 months (19-30 months), which showed that all patients gained bone union and resumed com-plete weight loading or previous job at final follow-up. The mean fixation time of external fixators was 10.6 months (7-18 months). The intermittent or persistent pin-track infection occurred in eight patients and relieved by pin-track care and oral or parenteral antibiotics, with no infection after removing external fixator. Conclusion The granulated cancellous bone autograft after limited contouring of bone ends is an effective method for treatment of refractory bone nonunion.

Objective To explore the effects of valsartan and MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on atrial fibrosis and connexin40 (Cx40) remodeling in rats treated with isopreterenol (ISO).Methods 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (A),ISO (5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for7 days) + DMSO group (B),ISO + U0126 (0.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 28 days) group (C,U0126 was dissolved in DMSO),ISO +valsartan (30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 28 days) + DMSO group (D).Rats were sacrificed after 28 days.The AngⅡ content in myocardial tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay,P-MEK1/2,P-ERK1/2 and Cx40 was detected by immunohistochemistry,atrial fibrosis was determined on HE and Masson stained heart sections.Results The content of Ang Ⅱ was significantly higher in group B,C and D compared with group A [ (368.243 ±6.283 ) ng/L,( 357.175 ± 5.944 ) ng/L,( 359.908 ± 2.496 ) ng/L vs ( 250.380 ± 4.261 )ng/L,P ＜0.01 ] ; the degree of atrial fibrosis was significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B [CVF(10.260 ±0.525)％,(10.238 ±0.524)％ vs (78.710 ± 1.587)％,P＜0.01 ] while there was no atrial fibrosis in group A [ CVF(9.025 ± 0.456)％ ] ; the expression of P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in group B compared with group A ( P-MEK1/2:0.311 ± 0.007 vs 0.203 ± 0.009,P ＜0.01 ; P-ERK1/2:0.259 ±0.003 vs 0.173 ±0.006,P ＜0.01 ) and significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B (P-MEK1/2:0.212 ± 0.004,0.213 ± 0.005 vs 0.311 ± 0.007,P ＜0.01,P-ERK1/2:0.178 ±0.004,0.175 ±0.007 vs 0.259 ±0.003,P ＜0.01 ).The content of Cx40 was obviously reduced and the distribution of Cx40 was disordered in group B compared with A (0.199 ±0.007 vs 0.241 ±0.004,P＜0.01) which could be partly reversed in group C and D ( 0.239 ±0.037,0.235 ±0.006 vs 0.199 ± 0.007,P ＜ 0.01 ).All parameters in group C and D were similar ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The chronically elevated Ang Ⅱ content in myocardium may be related to atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling in this model,valsartan and U0126 were equivalent on attenuating atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling by inhibiting ERK pathways at different levels.

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the clinical features of bladder tumor patients who received transurethral partial cystectomy by 2 microm continuous wave laser, in 1 year post operation follow-up visits.

METHODSFrom December 2007 to May 2008, 47 bladder carcinoma patients were treated with 2 microm laser transurethrally under sacral block. Operation characteristics, operation time, intraoperative hemorrhages and postoperative complications, and pathology staging of the tumor were observed and postoperative follow-up visits were performed.

RESULTSAll of the operation procedures were successful. The surgery time was 5 to 15 minutes. Blood loss in the operation was minimal. There was no obturator nerve reflection, and no hemorrhaging was detected after the operation. The pathological stages can be judged correctly with the obtained specimens. There was one case with peritoneum perforation. The patients received 12 to 17 months of postoperative follow-up visits, and there was no recurrence at the resection site. The survival rate was 100%.

CONCLUSIONSTransurethral partial cystectomy in the treatment of bladder tumor by 2 microm continuous wave laser is a safe, efficient and effective method. The tumor and all the basal part of bladder wall could be excised completely and the pathological stages can be judged correctly using these specimens to fulfill partial cystectomy for the treatment of bladder carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility, maneuver and efficacy of plasma prostate electrovaporization system in the treatment of rectal cicatricial stenosis.

METHODSAccording to similar procedure of transurethral resection prostate(TURP), intrarectal cicatriclectomy was performed with plasma prostate electrovaporization system in 7 patients with rectal low cicatricial stenosis after rectal cancer treatment (5 patients with transabdominal low anterior resection,2 patients with 3-dimension precise radiotherapy) to remove obstruction and dilate enteric cavity.

RESULTSSeven patients underwent 12 operations, including one operation in 3 patients, two operations in 3 patients, 3 operations in one patient. Resected rectal cicatricial tissue ranged from 5 to 15 g. Mean operation time was 41 min (25 to 40). Operation successful rate was 100% without complications such as perforation, bleeding and infection. All the patients had smooth defecation.

CONCLUSIONPlasma prostate electrovaporization system is an effective treatment for rectal cicatricial stenosis with tiny trauma.

Aged ; Cicatrix ; complications ; Constriction, Pathologic ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of partial cystectomy in treatment of bladder tumor by 2 microm continuous wave laser.

METHODSA total of 18 patients with 21 bladder tumors treated by 2 microm laser via transurethral under sacral block. The diameters of tumors were between 1-3 cm. In the operation, we vaporized and cut whole wall of bladder, dissected the muscular layers from connective tissue, and sent them for pathology inspection. We reviewed these following variables: operation time, blood loss, complications during and after the operation, pathology staging of the tumor and follow-up visit.

RESULTSAll the patients were tolerated in the operation. The mean operative time was (7.4 +/- 3.3) min (range, 5-12 min). Blood loss in the operation was minimal. No patient experienced an obturator nerve reflection or a hemorrhage after the operation. One case has urine leakage. The pathology staging of the tumors were as follows: T1 stage 15 cases, total 18 tumors; and T2 stage 3 cases, total 3 tumors. The followup periods were between 3 to 6 months, and the mean period was 4.5 months. There was no recurrence in situ.

CONCLUSIONSThe 2 microm laser not only can vaporize and cut the wall of bladder finely, but also can dissect the muscular layers from connective tissue efficiently. So it can be partial cystectomy in the treatment of bladder tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study use of nasal lining flap in correction of the wide complete unilateral cleft lip.

METHODS78 patients with wide complete cleft lip were. operated, firstly to be sure. That the lip length on both sides was equal. Then the nasal lining flap was used to enhance the height of the lip on cleft side for keeping symmetry with the non-cleft side. The rest of procedures was the same as "Millard" method.

RESULTS84.6 percent of patients had good appearance at one and half years after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSIt is an effective way to take advantage of the nasal lining flap to correct the wide complete unilateral cleft lip.

Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nose ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo observe the histopathologic characteristics of 2 micron continuous wave laser transurethral partial cystectomy for the treatment of bladder tumor.

METHODSA total of 54 patients with 65 bladder tumors underwent 2 micron laser via transurethral by caudal or surface anesthesia from October 2007 to December 2008. It included 41 male and 13 female cases, and the age ranged from 27 to 81 years old with a mean of (66.2 +/- 12.4) years old. The operation evaporated and exsected the wall of urinary bladder, including tumor, submucosa and all muscular layers. Specimens were sent for pathology examination. The histomorphologic changes of raw surfaces were observed 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperation by cystoscopic and pathologic examinations.

RESULTSAll the patients tolerated in the operation. Clinical stages of the tumor: T1 for 42 cases, T2 for 12 cases. All cases were followed-up for 1 to 14 months, with a mean of 8.5 months. Tumor recurrences were found in 2 cases, no one had recurrence in situ. The tumor, submucosa and all muscular layers can be resected completely by 2 micron continuous wave laser transurethral partial cystectomy. Pathologic staging can be judged correctly. The umbilication raw surface were infiltrated by fibrous connective tissue and chronic inflammatory cells 1 week postoperation. The umbilication changed shallow and transitional epithelial cells began to cover it 1 month postoperation. The umbilication disappeared and transitional epithelial cells cover the raw surface 3 months postoperation. There was no difference between the raw surface and normal bladder mucosa.

CONCLUSIONS2 micron continuous wave laser for the treatment of bladder tumor can get the same clinical result as partial cystectomy. The pathologic staging can be judged correctly by the specimens.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery