Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

This study aimed to investigate the immune adjuvant effect and mechanism induced by chitosan nanoparticles carrying pJME/GM-CSF. In this study, plasmid DNA (pJME/GM-CSF) was encapsulated in chitosan to prepare chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles using a complex coacervation process. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the type of infiltrating cells at the site of intramuscular injection. The phenotype and functional changes of splenic DCs were measured by flow cytometry after different immunogens were injected intramuscularly. The killing activity of CTLs was assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The preparation of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles matched the expected theoretical results. Our results also found that, after pJME/GM-CSF injection, the incoming cells were a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and immature DCs. Meanwhile, pJME/GM-CSF increased the expression of MHC class II molecules on splenic DCs, and enhanced their Ag capture and presentation functions. Cell-mediated immunity was induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles outperformed the administration of standard pJME/GM-CSF in terms of DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. These findings reveal that chitosan could be used as delivery vector for DNA vaccine intramuscular immunizations, and enhance pJME/GM-CSF-induced cellular immune responses.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparation technology of Angelica sinensis powder and conduct screening for the op-timal particle size thereof. METHODS:With the contents of volatile oil and ferulic acid as the indexes,screening was conducted for the optimal drying temperature,dry welding time and particle size of the crude drug A. sinensis,and the stabilities of the A. si-nensis powder with different particle sizes which was packed by simulating that sold in the market were investigated. The verifica-tion tests on the preparation technology were conducted. RESULTS:The optimal conditions for preparing the crude drug A. sinensis were as follows as drying temperature of 60-70℃,drying for 4.5-5 hours and being crushed into moderate-sized powder;the stabil-ity of the moderate-sized powder which was packed by simulating that sold in the market was the best. In the verification tests on the preparation technology,the average content of the volatile oil was 0.46 ml/g,with RSD of 0.034%(n=3);the average con-tent of the ferulic acid was 0.123 μg/ml,with RSD of 0.026%(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized technology is stable and feasible,and the stability of the moderate-sized A. sinensis powder is the best.

BACKGROUND: Myelin sheath related inhibitors have been found to have great impact on microenvironment of axon regeneration. Traditional Chinese medicine is gradual y becoming a research hotspot on improving microenvironment of nerve regeneration with its advantage on multiple factors and targets.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of Jisuikang on Nogo-66 receptor NgR expression after spinal cord injury.
METHODS: 144 rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham surgery group, model group, prednisone group, high-, moderate- and low-dose Jisuikang groups (n=24). Animal models of spinal cord injury were established by the modified Allen’s method in the later five groups. Rats in the prednisone group were daily given 0.06 g/kg prednisone acetate by lavage, once a day. Rats in the high-, moderate- and low-dose Jisuikang groups were daily intragastrically given 12.5, 25 and 50 g/kg Jisuikang, once a day. Rats in the sham surgery and model groups were intragastrically daily given 20 mL of saline, once a day. Rats in each group were administered drugs until death.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, NgR protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the prednisone, moderate-and low-dose Jisuikang groups. These data suggested that Jisuikang can improve the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury and effectively inhibit NgR protein expression at the site of injury so as to suppress the microenvironment factors harmful to nerve regeneration and further improve the microenvironment of nerve regeneration. Subject headings: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Spinal Cord Injuries; Axons; Tissue Engineering

Objective To examine the application effect of intelligent simulator(SimMan) in comprehensive skill training among doctors and nurses.Methods Totally 168 doctors and nurses were chosen as the training object,6 people (4 doctors and 2 nurses) formed a work team.Comprehensive training course was in accordance with 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science.Real clinical situation was designed by using the third generation SimMan of Norway laerdal company.Trainees were administered two tests before and after training,in which there were two parts containing specialized operation ability and non-technical ability.Overall qualification rate,average mark and treatment time of qualified teams were compared before and after the training.SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data and P ＜0.05 signifies statistically significance.Results Overall qualification rate,average mark and treatment time of qualified teams were 71.43％,(84.70 ± 3.15),and (449.25 ± 77.0) s respectively before training while 100％,(93.55 ± 3.86) and (323.71 ± 42.26) s after training.There were significant differences in results of two groups before and after training (P =0.002,0.000,0.000).Conclusions Application of the third generation intelligent simulator (SimMan) in comprehensive training will obviously improve training effectiveness and cultivate the non-technical ability.

Objective To evaluate factors which maintain the stability of the ankle, and discuss indications for trans-syndesmotic fixation. Methods 12 freshly-frozen cadaver legs amputated below the knee were collected and divided into 2 groups. An ankle fracture model of unconstrained pronation-external rotation was then designed. Group A simulated the injury combined with medial malleolus fracture, and Group B the injury combined with deltoid tear. Ligaments were cut off sequentially to simulate the increasing severity of the injury. Fuji super low-pressure sensitive films and displacement transducers were used to measure the contact area of the tibiotalar articular surface and the width of the syndesmosis. The data were analyzed with SPSS to analyze the relationship of ligament injury and ankle stability. Results In Group A, the articular contact area and the syndesmotic width after section of the deltoid were significantly different from those before the section (P

In this paper, the effects of the blend of nanoparticles and microneedle matrix materials on the mechanical properties of dissolving microneedles were studied mainly, so as to construct microneedles with excellent mechanical properties. Different kinds of nanoparticles (calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite, silica), particle sizes (20, 60, 100 nm) and the proportion of prescription (2%, 6%, 10%) were blended with the matrix material [polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)(PVP/VA)] to form dissolving microneedles. The effects of nanoparticles on the elastic modulus and hardness of the microneedles were investigated using a nanoindenter. The results showed that the elastic modulus and hardness of PVP microneedles were significantly improved by nano-calcium carbonate (P < 0.001), and the elastic modulus and hardness of PVP/VA microneedles were significantly improved by nano-hydroxyapatite (P < 0.001). When the particle size of hydroxyapatite was 20 nm, the elastic modulus of PVP/VA microneedles was (10.6 ± 1.0) GPa, and the hardness was (0.47 ± 0.06) GPa. As the size of the nanoparticles increases, the mechanical performance of the microneedles decreases. When the mass proportion of nano-hydroxyapatite increased from 2% to 6%, the elastic modulus and hardness of the microneedles were significantly improved (P < 0.001), but the effect of continue increasing the proportion of nanoparticles on the microneedles was not significant. The nano-enhanced PVP/VA dissolving microneedles has no irritant effect on intact skin and has a slight irritation to damaged skin, but they disappear completely after 72 h. Animal experiments have been approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Zhejiang University of Technology. Therefore, the nano-enhanced dissolving microneedles has good biological safety. To sum up, it is necessary to select the appropriate kind of nanoparticle, particle size, and prescription ratio when microneedles constructing with a given matrix material, so as to effectively improve its mechanical performance.

Objective To investigate the expression of guanylyl eyelasec(GC-C)mRNA in pefipheral blood of colorectal cancer patients and discuss its clinical significance. Methods To detect the GC-C mRNA in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients by reverse transcriptase PCR and analysis their clinical and pathological indexes. Results The positive rate of GC-C mRNA in 52 colorectal cancer patients was 50%(26/52),while to patients with extra-intestinal cancer,the positive rate was 0(0/8).There were significant difierences of positive rate of GC-C mRNA associated with tumor infiltration(P＜0.05)and tumor embolus in vessel(P＜0.05).While to CEA level in peripheral blood(P＞0.05),but there were no statistical difference.The positive rate of micrometastasis in coloreetal cancer patients might increase using the GC-C mRNA combined with CEA level in peripheral bood.The positive rate of GC-C mRNA in colorectal cancer patients with Dukes A、B、C and D stages were 0(0/3),47.06%(8/17),52.38%(11/21),63.63%(7/11),The expression of GC-C mRNA increased with the clinical stage chang,there was no statistical difference.Conclusions GC-C expresses selectively in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients.Itis a valuable new tumor marker in micrometastasis diagnosis and post-operation follow-up of colorectal cancer,and it can also be used as the location determination of metastasis intestinal tumor.