Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the effects of filter reuse on solute clearances, safety and oxidative stress parameters in on-line hemodiafiltration(HDF) . Methods 8 stable maintained uremic patients were treated by post-dilution on-line HDF with first-use or reuse F60 polysulfone filter, respectively. Both blood-side and dialysate-side solute clearances at 20 minute of HDF or during the whole session were measured. Whole blood interleukin-1?(IL-1?) production was monitored before HDF, after HDF, and at 20 minutes of HDF at both venous and arterial lines. Plasma before and after treatment and dialysate were collected for measuring total ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and total vitamin E. Restults No difference of small molecular substance clearances was observed in blood and dialysate side, while filter reuse group had a significantly higher dialysate side clearance and a significantly lower absorption clearance for ?2-microglobulin. In contrast with stable vitamin E concentration during dialysis, total ascorbic acid level decreased after treatment, with reuse group further inducing a reduced ration of dehydroascorbic acid to total ascorbic acid. No significant changes were found in whole blood IL-1? production within and between each group, so did intra-dialysis symptoms and temperature curves. Reuse filter also caused more albumin loss through high-flux membrane than that of first-use filter. Conclusions Although reuse filter can maintain both small and large molecular weight substance clearance, it increases albumin loss through high-flux membrane. Reuse filter does not stimulate white blood cell to produce more cytokine than the first-use filter, but it increases oxidative stress, and may harm uremic patients in a long run.

Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the effects of high volume hemofiltration(HVHF) on cardiopulmonary functions and IL-?plasma levels in lung injury models. Methods Sixteen dogs with oleic acid-induced lung injury were randomly assigned into two groups(A and B). Group A served as control, undergoing mechanical ventilation only. Group B received HVHF and mechanical ventilation. Hemodynamic and respiratory mechanic variables were measured before and 0 mm, 120 mm, 240 mm after the induction of lung injury in both groups. Blood and ultrafiltrate samples were collected at the same time points. Plasma and ultrafiltrate concentrations of IL-? were measured by EUSA. Results There were significant differences between two groups on hemodynamic values for mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and mean arterial pressure(mABP) (P

Objective To evaluate factors which maintain the stability of the ankle, and discuss indications for trans-syndesmotic fixation. Methods 12 freshly-frozen cadaver legs amputated below the knee were collected and divided into 2 groups. An ankle fracture model of unconstrained pronation-external rotation was then designed. Group A simulated the injury combined with medial malleolus fracture, and Group B the injury combined with deltoid tear. Ligaments were cut off sequentially to simulate the increasing severity of the injury. Fuji super low-pressure sensitive films and displacement transducers were used to measure the contact area of the tibiotalar articular surface and the width of the syndesmosis. The data were analyzed with SPSS to analyze the relationship of ligament injury and ankle stability. Results In Group A, the articular contact area and the syndesmotic width after section of the deltoid were significantly different from those before the section (P

Objective To design a method to characterize AOPPs. Methods Carbonyl groups were used as an oxidative index to link AOPPs and oxidized protein. Plasma-AOPPs were obtained by a series of preparation as follows. The native plasma was first determined for its protein contents followed by AOPPs level evaluation. Specimen was then washed with PBS and ultrafiltrated with an ultrafilter (10 000 cut-off membrane) to obtain clean plasma-AOPPs. A size-exclusion HPLC technique was used to verify which protein was oxidatively damaged. Fractions resulted from delipidation were also examined. Results The levels of AOPPs and total carbonyl groups in patient plasma were significantly higher than those in controls; both in native/delipidated plasma and CHC13-resulted precipitate. HPLC revealed that serum albumin presented highest carbonyl levels. It was an exclusive protein with statistically significant difference between controls and patients (patients vs. controls in nmol carbonyl/mg protein: HSA: 1.510?0.067 vs. 0.791?0.048, P

Objective To study the effects of oxidants on the structure of albumin. Methods Using both AOPPs and protein carbonyl content as indices. The oxidative stress level in normal controls and uremia patients was evaluated. Albumin in plasma was purified by HPLC and then was subjected to amino acids composition assay. Results Both AOPPs level and protein carbonyl content in uremic patients were significantly higher than those in controls (P

Objective To study the effect of oxidative modification of hydrochlorous acid (HOCl) on human serum albumin (HSA) and the relationship between the AOPPs and HOCl-treated HSA. Methods Purified HSA (60 mg/ml) was treated with HOCl (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mmol/L). Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to estimate molecular weights of oxidized products of HSA by HOCl and spectrum scan from 190 nm -400 nm was performed to observe the spectrum characteristics of all variants of HSA. Results Major products of HSA after exposure to HOC1 were dimer and hexmer of HSA. The first-order process could be employed to describe the oxidative dynamics of monomer and dimer of HSA oxidized by HOCl. To AOPPs formation mediated by oxidant was identified as pseudo first-order reaction. However, formation hexmer was much in accordance with second-order reaction. Hexmer was also a major contributor to AOPPs in all types of modified HSA. Spectral analysis showed that red shift of absorbance maximum of polymers of HSA occurred, suggesting that a possibility that polymers of HSA were cross linked by tyrosine residues in protein. Conclusions Protein aggregation is primary consequence of HSA after its exposure to HOCl. Hexmer of HSA is the major contributor to AOPPs.

Objective To study whether the uremic toxins accumulated long-term in uremia patients may be involved in oxidation of protein by forming advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs). Methods Malonylaldehyde (MDA), hippuric acid (HA) and p-cresol were used as the representatives of uremic toxins. Human albumin serum (HSA), plasma specimens from normal or uremia patients were incubated respectively with MDA (10 retool/L), HA (20 mmol/L) and p-cresol (10 retool/L) or PBS (20 retool/L, pH 7.4, as control groups) at 37℃ for 30 minutes or 24 hours, respectively. Those indices such as AOPPs, protein thiol groups (Pt-SH) and dityrosine were used as biomarkers of protein injury. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to identify the aggregation and cross-links of modified proteins. Results AOPPs levels in all groups containing poison compounds were significantly increased by 121.5%(P<0.05) compared to that in control groups. Uremic toxins also resulted in over 14.7% loss in Pt-SH (P< 0.05) and 119.2% increment in dityrosine, respectively (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the formation of HMW-AOPPs in a time-dependent manner was observed by HPLC and cross-linked protein levels were significantly increased by 148.45%～333.3% in comparison with control groups. Conclusion Uremic toxins can directly mediate the damage of proteins by inducing the formation of HMW- AOPPs in a time-dependent manner, which is also one of the mechanism of AOPPs production in vivo besides the activation of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl pathway.

Objective The vertical mammaplasty improves the breast morphology,and reduces the operative scar.However,the nipple-and-areola complex (NAC) has the risk of necrosis on those severe patients.In this report,we performed the vertical incision scar reduction mammaplasty based on Würinger's horizontal septum to reduce the NAC necrosis possibility.Methods Typical Lejour mosque-dome design was performed.The inferior part of glandular tissue and skin were excised.The NAC was elevated to normal position with medial-superior pedicle based on the horizontal septum.The breast morphology was modified with lateral and medial glandular pillar suturing using nonabsorbent thread.For reducing the vertical scar,the lower breast flap was thinned to induce the skin contraction.Results 27 patients with breast hypertrophy were operated from May 2009 to October 2012.1 patient had unilateral breast reduction,and 6 patients with 8 breasts had partial wound dehiscence.They were treated conservatively with topical dressings.No complete NAC necrosis occurred.Conclusions The vertical reduction mammaplasty based on Würinger's horizontal septum is a safe and effective approach,and the NAC necrosis possibility is reduced with this procedure.