Ginkgo bilobaL. is one of the most common used medicinal plants worldwide. The mainly medicinal parts are dry leaf and dry seed. Root and stem also have medicinal value. It has been only found in the wild in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China, while cultivated in a much wider area. Since ginkgo is an important plant resources, a comprehensive overview is necessary, which can help understand the current status and the development trends. In this study, the patent information fromEspacenet and World Traditional Medicine Databaseis used to outline the technology development of ginkgo in the perspective of invention patents. The results showed that ginkgo development currently in the early or mid-term maturity period. Ginkgo got the best development in China. Most international exchange of intellectual property happened in United States. More attention has been paid to the development ofG. biloba leaf. Ginkgo’s medicinal application and compatibility were also analyzed in this study.

This study aims at trying to establish a novel method of sterility test for injections based on biothermodynamics, in order to overcome the deficiencies of routine sterility tests such as long detecting cycle, low sensitivity and prone to misjudgments. A biothermodynamics method was adopted to rapidly detect the microorganism contamination of injections by monitoring the heat metabolism during the growth of microbe. The growth rate equal to or greater than zero and the heat power difference of P(i) and P(0) with three folds higher than the noise of baseline were chosen as indexes to study the heat change rule of microbe. In this way, the effectiveness of the new method to detect strains required by conventional sterility test or in injection samples was also investigated. Results showed that the Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi demanded by sterility testing methodology could be detected by biothermodynamics method within 10 hours, with the sensitivity lower than 100 CFU x mL(-1). Meanwhile, this method was successfully applied to the sterility test of Compound Yinchen injection (FFYC), Shuanghuanglian powder injection (SHL) and Compound Triamcinolone injection (TAND) which were sterilized with different degrees. Therefore, the biothermodynamics method, with advantages of fast detection and high sensitivity, could be a complementary solution for conventional sterility tests.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fungi ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Injections ; Microbiological Techniques ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sterilization ; Triamcinolone ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

Viral hepatitis is clinical multiple strong infectious disease, to know characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine clinical use in patients with viral hepatitis, the research object of this study is 41 180 cases of hospitalized patients with viral hepatitis in hospital information system from 17 grade A hospitals, using frequency statistics and association rules method to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine clinical use information, the drug kinds analysis results: western medicine of reduced glutathione tablets use frequency is highest, 14 079 cases (34.61%), traditional Chinese medicine of diammonium glycyrrhizinateuse frequency is highest, 14 058 cases (34.56%); traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine drug combination in diammonium glycyrrhizinate combined with reduced glutathione tabletsuse frequency is highest, 8 607 cases (25.09%). The mechanism of drug classification results :both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are the sort of educed enzyme medicine that has the highest percentage of drug use, traditional Chinese medicine 10 983 cases (27.01%), western medicine, 9 595 cases (23.59%); traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine combination in a kind of medicine to clear heat and promote diuresis combined with educed enzyme drug use frequency is highest, 5 621 cases (13.82%). Through the analysis above, combine traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy for the treatment of viral hepatitis should be given priority. Traditional Chinese medicine to clear heat and promote diuresis combined with western medicine of educed enzyme drug is the most commonly appear in clinical two drug combination scheme, traditional Chinese medicine to clear heat and promote diuresis combined with western medicine of educed enzyme drug and nucleustide analogsis the most commonly appear in clinical three drug combination scheme.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glutathione ; therapeutic use ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels play an osteogenic role under the assistance of scaffold materials. The scaffold cannot only deliver the cels to the bone defect area, but also act as a new bone growth framework. Colagen-chitosan composite is one of ideal scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering, which has osteoinductive ability and better osteogenic ability than conventional scaffolds. Bone transport technology has been widely used in the clinical repair of long bone defects, but it has some deficiencies, such as slow osteogenesis, long time for external fixation and nonunion. How to further accelerate bone formation and reduce complications has become the current problem to be solved. Here, it is hypothesized that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels/ colagen/chitosan composite scaffold can increase the therapeutic effect of bone transport in the repair of tibial bone defects.
METHODS/DESIGN:This study is a randomized controled animal experiment, includingin vitro andin vivo tests.In vitro test: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels are isolated from the bone marrow of New Zealand rabbits aged 1-2 months, and passaged to the third generation. Then, cel suspension is added onto the colagen-chitosan scaffold to construct the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels/colagen/chitosan composite scaffold.In vivo test: Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits at 3-4 months are selected and randomly assigned to receive bone transport, scaffold implantation, bone transport+scaffold implantation, respectively. The primary outcome measures are the growth of implant materials and bone defect interface, X-ray detection of bone defect repair, hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscope observation of bone formation in the bone defect region, immunohistochemical detection of type I colage expression in the osteogenic region, scanning electron microscope observation of interface bonding between implant materials and host bone, ultrastructure and bone formation.
DISCUSSION:The results from this animal experiment wil help to determine the feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels/colagen/chitosan composite scaffold to accelerate bone repair during bone defect repair using bone transport technology.

AlM: To describe the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ( HlF-1α) and erythropoietin ( EPO ) in rats' corneal and evaluate its potential effect on corneal neovascularization ( CNV) growth.
METHODS:The young SD rats (3mo) was chosen and randomly divided into 2 groups, which were experimental group and normal control group. CNV model was established by alkali burn, and the length and area of CNV was observed everyday after operation by slit lamp. After that, the expression of HlF-1α and EPO was measured by SABC and RT-PCR methods at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14d after alkali burn. The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. 0.
RESULTS:The area of CNV was increasing at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14d after alkali burn, and the peak point appear at 7d. The growth speed was decreased after 14d. SABC method told us that no HlF-1αand very tiny amount EPO was detected at normal rats' corneal. The expression of the two factors increased at 1d after alkali burn in corneal epithelium and endoderm. The results of RT - PCR showed that a few amounts of HlF-1α and EPO mRNA were detected at normal group. The expression of the two factors was increased at 3d after alkali burn, and the peak value was found at 7d, however, it was decreased at 14d. Statistical difference was found at different time (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: HlF- 1α and EPO is closely related to CNV.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting JARID1B gene on the proliferation and apoptosis in HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, and to explore its mechanisms.

METHODSThe JARID1B siRNA was transfected into HL-60 cells using Lipofectamine(TM) 2000(Lipo) vector. The proliferation inhibition by siRNA targeting JARID1B was detected by MTT, cells apoptosis by flow cytometry, the mRNA expression of JARID1B by RT-PCR, the protein expression of JARID1B, Bcl-2, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, c-myc and P27 and histone methylated H3K4 by Western blot.

RESULTSsiRNA targeting JARID1B upregulated histone methylated H3K4 level, inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and induced the cells apoptosis. After transfection of siRNA targeting JARID1B at 0, 30, 60, 120 nmmol/L for 24 hours, the apoptotic rate were (11.0 ± 3.6)%, (35.2 ± 5.1)%, (52.7 ± 3.8)%, and (62.0 ± 5.7)% respectively (F = 70.27, P < 0.01). The protein expression of P27 was upregulated, and Bcl-2, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, c-myc was down regulated.

CONCLUSIONSJARID1B siRNA upregulates histone methylated H3K4. It reduces HL-60 cells proliferation and apoptosis by up regulating the p27 expression and down regulating the Bcl-2, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, c-myc expression. It might be a new therapeutic targeting for human leukemia.

Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Gene Targeting ; HL-60 Cells ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; genetics ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Methylation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L^-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L^-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

OBJECTIVETo study a family with Bw subtype of ABO blood group system, and to review safety issues in relation with clinical transfusion.

METHODSThe molecular basis for the blood type was studied with serological assay, polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and DNA sequencing, TA clone and haplotype analysis in one blood donor whose ABO blood group were difficulty typed and her family. The bioinformatics analysis was carried out by biological analysis software to investigate the change of structure and function of enzymes influenced by the change amino acid. A retrospective survey was carried out to investigate what is the actual position that the donor blood was used in the clinical transfusion.

RESULTSThree members from the family were found to have a Bw subtype. A substitution of nucleotide C by T at position 721 in exon 7 was discovered, which resulted in replacement of amino acid Arg to Trp. Review of clinical record suggested that there has been no significant abnormality association with past three blood transfusions.

CONCLUSIONA 721C>T mutation of the ABO gene probably underlies the Bw subtype. Further research is needed for understanding the clinical significance of this subtype in the blood transfusion.

ABO Blood-Group System ; classification ; genetics ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blood Transfusion ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

The study was aimed to investigate the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in order to provide an evidence for diagnosis and therapy. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and three-color immunofluorescence staining methods of flow cytometry in 51 patients with CLL, and the cytogenetic features were analyzed by R-banding technique. The results indicated that among 51 CLL cases, the positive rate of CD19 and CD23 was 96.1%, followed by CD15 (94.1%), CD20 (82.4%) and CD22 (78.4%). The positive rate of CD38 was 23.5%. Forty-six patients expressed both CD5 and CD19. Seven main clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected by conventional cytogenetics (CC) in eighteen cases (35.3%), with three cases of +12, two cases of 13q(-), other chromosomal abnormalities included +14, 6q(-), t (11; 14), t (14; 18) and t (2; 7). Expression of the antigens had no relationship with chromosomal abnormalities. It is concluded that typical CLL express CD5, CD19 and CD23, and the positive rate detected by CC in CLL is low. Immunophenotyping in combination with cytogenetic technique plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CLL.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD19 ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; Lewis X Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Translocation, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the different extracts from Radix Isatidis on multiplication of mice lymphocytes.

METHODLymphocytes were separated and cultured. Immunological activities of different extracts from Radix Isatidis were studied by thermodynamics and the results were tested by the conventional pharmacological experiments.

RESULTThe results showed that the water extract and residue had significant immunological effects while organic solvent extracts had immunological activity to some extent.

CONCLUSIONThe comparison of immunological activity among the extracts from Radix Isatidis were as follows: residue after extracting > general extract > nBuOH extract > EtOAc extract > CHCl3 extract > P E extract.

Animals ; Calorimetry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry