BACKGROUND:After knee joint replacement, patients are often treated with Rivaroxaban and Enoxaparin Sodium for postoperative anticoagulation, avoiding the formation of deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs. OBJECTIVE:To explore the application effects of different anticoagulant drugs in patients with knee joint replacement. METHODS:Ninety patients underwent knee joint replacement in Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from July 2011 to July 2014, were randomly divided into two groups, with 45 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with Rivaroxaban, while the control group was treated with Enoxaparin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Postoperative drainage volume, total blood transfusion, bleeding index, quantity of blood platelet, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin reduction time, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, D-dimer coagulation index, HSS score at postoperative 2 weeks, average ecchymosis area, average thigh circumference, and average leg circumference were significantly better in the experimental group, than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, both Rivaroxaban and Enoxaparin can exert anticoagulation effect during the knee joint replacement, and Rivaroxaban is better.

·AlM: To investigate pathogeny and effects of surgery on paralytic strabismus.
· METHODS: A retrospective study was done in 46 patients with paralytic strabismus who underwent squint correction in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2013. Among 26 horizontal strabismus, the cases of extra rectus palsy was 16, internal rectus palsy was 10.Among all20 vertical strabismus, the cases of superior oblique palsy, superior rectus palsy, inferior rectus palsy, double elevator palsy counted for 7, 8, 2 and 3, respectively. Pathogenesis: trauma was 19 cases, followed by 10 cases that the causes could not be identified.Nine was congen ital paralytic strabismus, 8 o ccurred after nose or brain surgery. The surgery methods included rectus muscle recession, rectus muscle resection, partial rectus muscle transposition, Jensen procedure, inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition of inferior oblique. Statistical software SPSS10.0 was used in chi-square test between two groups, while the situation of paralysis eye movements improved by two methods in the horizontal strabismus group was compared with t test.
· RESULTS: Among all horizontal strabismus the rate of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 20 ( 77%) , 5 ( 19%) and 1 ( 4%) , respectively. Among vertical strabismus the ratio of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 15 (75%), 3 (15%) and 2 (10%).There was no significantly difference between the two groups ( P >0.05 ). The movements of paralytic eyes were improved. Two procedures used in horizontal strabismus, can improve paralysis eye movements were 3.76 ±0.91, 3.72 ±0.84mm, with no significant difference (P=0.93) statistically.
· CONCLUSlON: Paralytic strabismus in adults had complicated conditions. Choosing different operation methods in treating paralytic strabismus according to the degree of paralysis can result in satisfactory cosmetically alignment of the eyes and modify head position and diplopia.

BACKGROUND: The virulent factors ofEscherichia coli (E.coli) play an important role in the process of pathopoiesis. The study aimed to compare drug-resistant genes and virulence genes between extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producingE.coli and non-ESBLs-producing E.coli to provide a reference for physicians in management of hospital infection. METHODS: From October 2010 to August 2011, 96 drug-resistant strains ofE.coli isolated were colected from the specimens in Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China. These bacteria strains were divided into a ESBLs-producing group and a non-ESBLs-producing group. Drug sensitivity tests were performed using the Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. Disinfectant gene, qacEΔ1-sull and 8 virulence genes (CNF2, hlyA, eaeA, VT1, est, bfpA, elt, and CNF1) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Among the 96E.coli isolates, the ESBLs-producingE.coli comprised 46 (47.9％) strains and the non-ESBLs-producingE.coli consisted of 50 (52.1％) strains. The detection rates of multiple drug-resistant strain, qacEΔ1-sull, CNF2, hlyA, eaeA,VT1, est, bfpA, elt, and CNF1 in 46 ESBLs-producingE.coli isolates were 89.1％, 76.1％, 6.5％, 69.6％, 69.6％, 89.1％, 10.9％, 26.1％, 8.7％, and 19.6％, respectively. In the non-ESBLs-producingE.coli strains, the positive rates of multiple drug-resistant strain, qacEΔ1-sull, CNF2, hlyA, eaeA, VT1, est, bfpA, elt, and CNF1 were 62.0％, 80.0％, 16.0％, 28.0％, 64.0％, 38.0％, 6.0％, 34.0％, 10.0％, and 24.0％, respectively. The difference in the detection rates of multiple drug-resistant strain, hlyA and VT1 between the ESBLs-producingE.coli strains and the non-ESBLs-producingE.coli strains was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The positive rate of multiple drug-resistant strains is higher in the ESBLs-producing strains than in the non-ESBLs-producing strains. The expression of some virulence genes hlyA and VT1 varies between the ESBLs-producing strains and the non-ESBLs-producing strains. Increased awareness of clinicians and enhanced testing by laboratories are required to reduce treatment failures and prevent the spread of multiple drug-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Shenqi Compound on diabetic angiopathy modeled rats.

METHODSTotally 18 SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the diabetic mellitus (DM) group, and Shenqi Compound group, 6 in each group. The DM rat model was established by feeding high-fat diet (to induce hyperlipidemia) +intraperitoneal injection of small dose streptozotocin (STZ). Shenqi Compound was given to rats in the Shenqi Compound group at the daily dose of 2 g/kg. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. All treatment was lasted for 12 weeks. Then 2-D and ultrasonic integrated backscatter technique were used to evaluate structural and functional changes of abdominal aorta in the progression of diabetic macroangiopathy. The fibrosis degree of the aorta vessel and myocardium capillaries were observed by using HE and Masson trichrome staining. The tension of the aortic vascular ring was determined. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression was detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR). The protein expression of TGF-beta, collagen I, collagen III, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and phosphorylation P38 MAPK were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, abdominal aortic systolic inner diameter, diastolic inner diameter, Peterson elastic modulus, stiffness index, and backscatter integral significantly increased; the rangeability of integral backscatter and the extension coefficient of cross section significantly decreased in the DM group (all P < 0.05). After 12 weeks aforesaid indices were obviously improved in the Shenqi Compound group (P < 0.05). Results of HE and Masson staining showed that the fibrosis degree of the aorta vessel and myocardium capillaries was obviously alleviated in rats of the Shenqi Compound group (P < 0.05). Results of the aortic vascular ring tension showed that acetylcholine induced vasodilatation and maximum diastolic percent were obviously elevated in the Shenqi Compound group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression of TGF-beta, and the protein expression of TGF-beta, collagen I, and collagen III, and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK all significantly increased in the DM group (P < 0.05). Compared with the DM group, the mRNA expression of TGF-beta, and the protein expression of TGF-beta, collagen I, and collagen III, and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK all decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSShenqi Compound could effectively improve the arterial function in diabetic marcoangiopathy and microvascular dysfunction. The mechanism might be due to the down-regulating the expression of TGF-beta, and further suppressing the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK, reducing the synthesis of collagen I and collagen III, therefore, ameliorating arterial and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.

Animals ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 6-gingerol, the main active component of ginger, on hair shaft elongation in vitro and hair growth in vivo.

METHODSFirstly, Hair follicles were co-cultured with 3 different concentration of 6-gingerol for 5 days and hair elongation in three groups was measured. Secondly, The proliferative effect of 6-gingerol on DPCs was measured using MTT assay. Thirdly, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in DPCs were measured using Western blotting. In vivo study, the influence of 6-gingerol on hair growth in C57BL/6 rats was measured through topical application of 6-gingerol on the dorsal skin of each animal.

RESULTSThe length of hair shaft in 20 microg/ml 6-Gingerol group (0.50 +/- 0.08 mm) is less than 0 microg/ml (0.66 +/- 0.19) mm and 10 microg/ml (0.64 +/- 0.03) mm 6-Gingerol group (P < 0.05). In cell culture, compared to 0 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml 6-Gingerol, 10 microg/ml 6-Gingerol can significantly inhibited the proliferation of DPCs (P < 0.05). Along with the growth inhibition of DPCs by 6-gingerol, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased obviously. In vivo study, the hair length and density decreased a lot after using 1 mg/ml 6-gingerol.

CONCLUSIONS6-Gingerol can suppress human hair shaft elongation because it has pro-apoptotic effects on DPCs via increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It might inhibit hair growth by prolonging the telogen stage in vivo.

Animals ; Catechols ; pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Hair ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Hair Follicle ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo probe the cause for triggering HBV reactivation and possible management of the chronic hepatitis B individuals received imatinib.

METHODSThis study presented two cases of transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and hepatic dysfunction during oral imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and made a literatures review about the pathogenesis, possible prophylactic and therapeutic management of such chronic hepatitis B individuals receiving imatinib.

RESULTSTwo CML patients, without prior liver dysfunction but with chronic HBV infection, suffered from transient HBV reactivation occurred during oral imatinib. Both of them finally obtained good outcome following the additional oral nucleotide antiviral therapy.

CONCLUSIONIt remained unclear whether imatinib induced the reactivation of HBV in patients with a latent HBV infection. From our study, all candidates receiving oral imatinib should be screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc antibodies prior to initiation of imatinib. Prophylactic antiviral therapy should be offered to HBV-infected individuals along with a close monitoring for signs of reactivation.

Adult ; Benzamides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Virus Activation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the cellular uptake of beta amyloid protein (Abeta) by cultured human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and the location of Abeta in the subcellular structures.

METHODSThe time course of cellular uptake of Abeta1-42-fluo in the SH-SY5Y cells was observed directly under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Image analysis was conducted to compare the differences of cellular Abeta uptake after treatment of the cells with different concentrations of extracellular Abeta for 24 h. Multiple immunofluorescence staining was employed to identify the location of Abeta in the subcellular structures.

RESULTSSH-SY5Y cells showed Abeta internalization after incubation with Abeta1-42-fluo (200 nmol/L) for 1 h, and the quantity of Abeta uptake was time-dependent. A higher concentration of extracellular Abeta1-42-fluo resulted in increased Abeta uptake, which differed significantly between the 3 groups with treatment at different concentrations (P<0.01 or 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining revealed a co-localization of part of the Abeta and Lamp-1 (a lysosome marker) in the cytosome.

CONCLUSIONSH-SY5Y cells can clear Abeta through a time- and dose-dependent cellular uptake mechanism. Part of the Abeta uptaken in the cytoplasm is located in the lysosome .

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo test the safety and accuracy of the computer-assisted orthopaedic system for distal locking of intramedullary nails and apply it to internal fixation with intramedullary nails in the lower limb.

METHODSAccording to the theory of mechanical arms stereotactic localization in computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS), we design a CAOS system for distal locking of intramedullary nails. The system comprised 2 independent modules: computer-assisted imaging and registration workstation; mechanical stereotactic framework. Ten plastic tibia models, 20 plastic femur models (Synbone AG, Malans, Switzerland) and 6 human cadaver lower limbs were randomly divided into 2 groups undergoing internal fixation with intramedullary nails (Orthofix, Germany). The first group (CAOS group with 5 plastic tibia models, 10 plastic femur models, 6 human cadaver tibia, 6 human cadaver femur; each nail had 2 holes, and 2 distal locking screws were inserted in each bone, which gave a total number of 54 holes) used a computer-assisted orthopaedic system, the second group (CONTROL GROUP is the same as CAOS group) used Orthofix mechanical targeting device for distal locking. Comparison between 2 groups was made in radiation exposure time, operating time, percentage of correctly placed screws.

RESULTSCAOS group: operating time was (4.44 +/- 2.99) min; radiation exposure time was (1.16 +/- 0.38) min; correctly placed screws rate was (100 +/- 0)%.

CONTROL GROUPoperating time was (10.42 +/- 4.18) min; radiation exposure time was (4.71 +/- 3.86) min; correctly placed screws rate was (94.44 +/- 0.36)%. Operating time and radiation exposure time in CAOS group were significantly shorter than those in control group (P < 0.05), no differences were found between 2 groups in relation to the percentage of correctly placed screws.

CONCLUSIONSBy using CAOS system for distal locking of intramedullary nails, the locking holes can be drilled accurately and safely. Radiation exposure significantly reduced.

Cadaver ; Equipment Design ; Femur ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Random Allocation ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Tibia ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the osteoblastic differentiation and compare the difference in the gene expression of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affected by a single period of mechanical strain.

METHODSBone marrow MSCs were harvested from the femurs and tibiae of SD rats and cultured in vitro. A four-point bending apparatus were used to perform a single 40-minute period of 2,000 microepsilon mechanical strain on these MSCs. The proliferation of the MSCs was tested by MTT on scheduled date, and the osteoblastic differentiation of the MSCs was measured by testing the expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity of these cells. In addition, we have investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the action of the single 40-minute period of 2,000 microepsilon mechanical strain on these MSCs, after profile blotted and handled by bioinformation, the gene expressions of these two periods of MSCs were examined.

RESULTSThe MSCs have grown well in vitro. Our experiment showed that mechanical environment did not weaken the proliferation of the MSCs. However, the ALP activity and the expression of osteocalcin were significantly up-regulated by the 2,000 microepsilon mechanical strain. Using the 27 K Rat Genome Array, 416 different expressions were found. The rate of different genes was 2.8%, of which the expressions of 247 genes increased (61 genes remarkably increased) and 169 genes decreased (74 genes remarkably decreased) in these two periods of MSCs.

CONCLUSIONMechanical strain induced the osteoblastic differentiation of the MSCs, which may be attributed to the different gene levels.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of lymphatics in bacterial translocation from intestine of rats with burn.

METHODSEscherichia coli (E. coli) labeled with chloromethylbenzamidodialkylcarbocyanine (CM-DIL) were prepared. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into scald group and sham injury group according to the envelope method, with 30 rats in each group. Rats in both groups were gavaged with 0.5 mL fluid containing CM-DIL-labeled E. coli. Rats in scald group were inflicted with 30% TBSA deep partial-thickness scald (verified by pathological section) and resuscitated with fluid. Rats in sham injury group were sham injured by bathing in 25 degrees C water for 10 s (verified by pathological section) and also received with fluid infusion. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN), liver, mesenteric lymph fluid (MLF), and liver vein blood (LVB) were harvested at post injury hour (PIH) 2, 24, and 72. Bacteria translocation was detected with fluorescent tracing technique and bacteria culture. The endotoxin content in above-mentioned four kinds of specimens was quantitatively determined with chromogenic substrate limulus amebocyte lysate. The carrying capacity of endotoxin in MLF and LVB was calculated. Data were processed with t test or one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS(1) Living bacteria were in short-stick form, and they were seen moving in single or in doubles or triples in sample fluid. Dead bacteria were in irregular aggregates. Labeled bacteria in small amount were detected in sham injury group, their number peaked at PIH 24. A large amount of labeled bacteria were detected in scald group at PIH 2, which peaked at PIH 24 and decreased at PIH 72. The largest amount of labeled bacteria were found in MLN in scald group as compared to those in the other samples, and the number peaked at PIH 24 [(5872 +/- 1976) x 10(3) CFU/g], which was obviously higher than that [(216 +/- 110) x 10(3) CFU/g, t = 30.129, P = 0.000] in sham injury group. The number of bacteria decreased at PIH 72, but it was still significantly different from that in sham injury group ( t = 4.323, P = 0.000). The number of bacteria in LVB was the smallest. (2) 29 (24.2%) samples out of the 120 samples in sham injury group were positive for bacteria. 72 (60.0%) samples out of the 120 samples in scald group were positive for bacteria. No alive bacterium was detected at any time point in LVB sample in both group; the other three samples were detected with alive bacteria since PIH 2. There were more alive bacteria detected in MLN and liver as compared with the other two kinds of samples in scald group. The amount of bacteria in MLN, liver, and MLF in scald group were higher than those in sham injury group (with t value respectively 4.353, 4.354, 4.965, P values all equal to 0.000). (3) The endotoxin level in each kind of sample at each time point was obviously higher in scald group than that in sham injury group, and it peaked at PIH 2 in liver and MLF. The difference of endotoxin level among 4 kinds of samples in scald group at PIH 2 was statistically significant ( F = 258.47, P = 0.000), and the endotoxin level was higher in liver, MLN, and MLF. They were obviously higher than those in sham injury group (with t value respectively 43.378, 43.123, 22.423, P values all equal to 0.000). The endotoxin level in MLF was 9 times of that in LVB. (4) The carrying capacity of endotoxin in LVB and MLF at each time point in scald group was higher than that in sham injury group.

CONCLUSIONSCM-DIL marked bacteria can reflect the microbial translocation condition. The lymphatic route is an important pathway for bacteria translocation.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Burns ; microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; microbiology ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Lymphatic System ; microbiology ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar