OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method for measuring the content of benzalkonium bromide in disinfectant so- lution METHODS: The sodium nitrite was removed from disinfectant solution by reaction between sodium nitrite and urea to form N2 and CO2 and then benzalkonium bromide in the solution was directly determinated by UV-spectrophotometry with no need of separation RESULTS:There was no significant difference between this method and the method in pharmacopeia CON CLUSION:The method is simple, rapid and accurate and can be used to measure benzalkonium bromide in the solution.

Specialists in the south of the five Ridges LUO Zhi-yuan think that upper-jiao syndrome of bubonic plague appears in the second and third days,middle-jiao syndrome in the period of the third to the sixth days,and lower-jiao syndrome appears at the seventh day.Upper-jiao syndrome of bubonic plague is the most complicated,including the severe syndrome,the critical syndrome,the deadly syndrome.They summarize the six symptoms and signs in middle-jiao of bubonic plague,including "extreme heat and thirst,black and prickly tongue,abdominal distention and pain,stercoroma and delirium,heat accumulation with watery diarrhea,cold feeling of the whole body and hidden pulse",and the four symptoms and signs in middle-jiao,including "pain,distention,stercoroma,heat accumulation with watery diarrhea".They also pointed out that preserving body fluid is key for treating lower-jiao syndrome of bubonic plague.

AIM:To compare the influence of anterior chamber maintainer and viscoelastic agent on corneal astigmatism and endothelial cells after phacoemulsification.METHODS:Totally 70 patients(70 eyes) of cataract from April 2013 to April 2015 were randomly divided into the study group and the control group, with 35 cases in each group.The study group were treated with anterior chamber maintainer during phacoemulsification with support system approach, and the control group were treated with phacoemulsification under viscoelastic agent.RESULTS:The age (t=0.215, P=0.831), the density of corneal endothelial cells (t=-0.352, P=0.726) and corneal luminosity (t=-0.162, P=0.872) of two groups had no significant difference before surgery;there were no significant difference in preoperative visual acuity (t=0.463, P=0.599) and visual acuity (t=1.616, P=0.124) at 1mo after operation.And patients in the study group (t=-21.129, P<0.01) and the control group (t=-12.780, P<0.01) before surgery and 1mo postoperative when compared with the naked eye eyesight showed significant difference.The visual acuity after operations improved significantly.There were significant differences of corneal endothelial cells density (t=8.489, P< 0.01) and corneal astigmatism (t=-2.032, P=0.046) in the study group before surgery and 1mo after surgery;corneal endothelial cell density (t=8.999, P<0.01) and corneal astigmatism (t=-2.167, P=0.034) in the control group before surgery and 1mo after surgery also had significant differences.There was no significant difference in the rate of corneal endothelial cell loss between the two groups (t=0.410, P=0.683).CONCLUSION:Compared with viscoelastic agent, anterior chamber maintainer during phacoemulsification in patients with cataract won't increase the damage of postoperative surgically induced astigmatism and corneal endothelial cells, which mean the method of anterior chamber maintainer during phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract is safe and effective.

AlM: To analyze the correlation between tear film changes of allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye, then provide clinical references for better treatment.
METHODS: Fifty patients with allergic conjunctivitis were taken as the observation group, the control group was selected based on 1:1 case control theory, and we chose 50 health volunteers without ocular surface diseases, xerophthalmia and systematic diseases randomly, then fluorescein ( FL) staining, break-up time ( BUT) , Schirner l test ( SⅠt) , tear meniscus high ( TMH) and slit-lamp examinations were performed in the two groups.
RESULTS: ln the observation group, FL, BUT, Slt, TMH of right eyes and left eyes were statistically significant correlated ( P < 0. 05 ). FL and BUT were statistically significant between control group and observation group (P<0. 05). TMH and Slt has positive correlation, while FL and BUT has negative correlation and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Due to inflammatory mediators participation, allergic conjunctivitis could lead to the stability changes of tear film which cause in dry eye. The stability changes of allergic conjunctivitis correlate to the damage degree of epithelium.

AIM: To investigate the situation of patients with mechanical ocular trauma and the possible influencing factors related to the prognosis.METHODS: Totally 260 patients(286 eyes) with mechanical ocular trauma from January 2011 to January 2016 in Xiaogan Central Hospital were selected and retrospective studied.Sociology and clinical data including gender,age,career,injury causes,injury nature,treatment time and visual acuity on admission in these patients were univariate analyzed,then the positive factors were analyzed using Logistic regression.RESULTS: The middle-aged and young males were domain in 260 patients.The causes were mainly sharp instrument injury,while perforating injury of eyeball was the majority in injury nature.Univariate analysis showed that injury causes,injury nature,treatment time and eyesight on admission were influencing factors,while multivariate analysis by Logistic regression showed that visual acuity on admission and orbital contusion were independent influencing factors for patients ocular trauma.CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma is a majoy cause of monocular blind,there are close associations between prognosis of ocular trauma and orbital contusion and visual acuity on admission.But the majority of ocular trauma is preventable and treatable,the relevant measures should be developed to prevent the ocular trauma.

Objective:To transfect the tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells with NICD, and to investigate the effects of Notch 1 on Tca8113 cells and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: The Notch plasmid pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP encoding exogenous and control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP were transiently transfected into the Tca8113 cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. In the experiment, target plasmid pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP transfection group, control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP transfection group and non-transfection group were set up.RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemical method were used to observe the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch 1 and EGFR.The proliferation activities of Tca8113 cells were detected by MTT assay,and the survival rates were calculated.Results:Compared with non-transfection group and control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP transfection group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch 1 in Tca8113 cells in pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP group was significantly increased(P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression levels of EGFR in Tca8113 cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the proliferation rate of Tca8113 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05) after transfection.There were no significant differences in the expression levels of Notch 1 and EGFR mRNA and protein and the proliferation rates in Tca8113 cells between non-transfection group and pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP group (P>0.05).Conclusion:The effect of Notch 1 on the proliferation of Tca8113 cells may be related to down-ragulatoin of expression level of EGFR.

Objective To evaluate the value of quantized diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)in diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 120 patients with focal liver lesions and in 12 healthy controls who underwent DWI and routine non-enhanced MRI at 3.0T.In 120 patients,there were 1 79 focal liver lesions including 53 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC),61 metastatic tumors,32 hemangiomas and 33 cysts.The DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)maps and ADC val-ues of the lesions and the normal liver were analyzed and measured with a b value of 800 s/mm2 ,and the statistical differences be-tween two groups were compared.Results DWI showed 33 hepatic cysts with low signal,and 5 1 hepatocellular carcinomas,61 he-patic metastases and 32 hepatic hemangiomas with high signal,thus the signal difference between hepatic cyst and other lesions was significant (P <0.05).The ADC images of HCC and metastatic tumors were cold colour,and those of hepatic cysts and hemangio-mas were hot colour.The ADC value between HCC,liver metastatic tumors,hepatic hemangioma and cysts were significant different (P <0.05).However,there were no significant differences in ADC value between HCC and metastatic tumors (P >0.05).In addit-on,the ratios of the ADC values of lesion to background liver between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases were significantly dif-ferent (P <0.05).Conclusion DWI and ADC maps,and ADC value can provide importantly additional information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions.

Radiation proctitis is one of the complications after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies.Surgery is not necessary for the most of radiation proctitis.However, surgery is unavoidable when rectal obstruction, uncontrollable bleeding, and fistula occur. This article reviews the progress in surgical treatment of radiation proctitis.

Objective To compare the clinical features of space infections in the oral maxillofacial region between patients with diabetes mellitus and patients without diabetes.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 61 patients diagnosed with space infections in the oral maxillofacial region and receiving treatment at the department of oral and The 4nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between 2013 and 2016.The patients were divided into 2 groups:diabetic group (n =28) and non-diabetic group (n =33).The study variables were demography,etiology,clinical and laboratory examinations (bacteriology,admission blood glucose level,admission white blood cell count and percent of neutrophil on admission).The outcome was compared.The length of hospital stay and complications were also compared.Statistical analyses of the results between groups were performed using the t test and chi square test.Results For oral and maxillofacial space infection,there was no statistically significant difference in gender between the diabetic group and (28 cases) and non diabetes group (33 cases) (x 2 test,P=0.5929);while there were statistically significant differences between two groups in age (t test,P＜0.001) and in the number of infection space (t test,P＜0.001);there was no significant difference between the two groups in the sources of infection (x 2,P＞0.05);The main source of infection was odontogenic,followed by adenogenous.There were statistically significant differences between two groups in blood glucose concentration at admission (t test,P＜0.001) and in the hospitalization time and complications (t test and x 2 test P＜0.05),while no statistically significant differences in the white blood cells count and neutrophil count (t test,P＞0.05).Compared with the non diabetic group,for patients in the diabetic group,the age of onset was older,the involvd gaps were more,the blood glucose concentration was higher on admission,the length of stay was longer,complications were more likely to occur,and the consequences were more serious.Conclusion Compared with non diabetes group,space infection in oral and maxillofacial region is more serious and the hospital stay is longer and has more complications in diabetic patients which should be paid higher attention to.

Objective: To study the effects of psychological variables on orthodontic compliance of adolescents.Methods:Prior to orthodontic treatment,60 adolescent patients received two questionnaires for the analysis of their personality(EPQ) and self-consciousness.The compliance of the patients was evaluated at each visit and 6 months after the beginning of treatment by orthodontists.Results:The outgoing personality and the high self-consciousness significantly predicted good orthodontic compliance of the adolescent patients in the treatment(P