AIM: To investigate the effect of Guishen Capsule(Radix Angelicae Sinesis,Radix et Rhizoma Salivae Miltiorrhizae,etc) on mastoplasia and T-lymphocyte subsets of spleen in rats. METHODS: The model of mastoplasia was induced by benzoate estradiol intraperitoneal injection in SD female rats.The model rats were treated with low,middle and high dosages of Guishen Capsule,respectively.All rats were killed after 30 days,the tissue of second pair of mammary glands were observed.At the same time,the spleens were taken out for preparing single cells suspension.The ratio of CD~+_3,CD~+_4,CD~+_8,CD~+_4/CD~+_8 of splenic T-lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry(FCM). RESULTS: Compared with normal group,the growth of weight was slow in model group,and its breast was swollen,and proliferation was obvious in mammary gland tissue,the ratio of CD~+_3,CD~+_4,CD~+_4/CD~+_8 reduced significantly in model group. Guishen Capsule could inhibit the breast swelling and mammary gland hyperplasia.It also could increase ratio CD~+_3,CD~+_4,CD~+_4/CD~+_8 of splenic T-lymphocytes remarkably. CONCLUSION: Guishen Capsule can inhibit mammary gland hyperplasia.It also has the function of immunologic enhancement and cellular immune regulation.

Objective To search different weeks′ gestation atrioventricular size and cardiac function change in Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome. Methods Color Doppler echocardiography was adopted to study 67 cases with Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome in different weeks′ gestation.Atrial and ventricular diameter and cardiac function were measured, and compared with those of normal fetuses in same weeks′ gestation.Results In the cases with Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome,the heart was enlarged from 25 weeks′ gestation,right atrial enlargement came earliest, along with gestation weeks′ followed with right ventricle,left atrium and left ventricle aggravated enlargement.From 29 weeks′ gestation left and right cardiac diastolic function was involved with complicated pericardial,pleural,peritoneal effusion the damage was clearer.During 33 weeks′ gestation,left and right heart systolic function was involved.From 25 weeks′ gestation,fetal foramen ovale began to enlarge,and the enlarged foramen was difficult to be differentiated from secondary atrial septal defect.Conclusions Echocardiography is sensitive to Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome,and provides reliable basis for early clinical intervention.

Objective To investigate causes and the treatment of jaundice following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods A retrospective analysis of records of 11 cases of jaundice following LC out of 2047 cases between October 1995 and December 2001 was made. Results The incidence of postoperative jaundice was 0.54% (11 of 2047). Jaundice was due to bile leakage (45.4%, 5 of 11), residual choledocholithiasis (18.2%, 2 of 11), acute pancreatitis (18.2%, 2 of 11), biliary stricture (9.1%, 1 of 11) and acute liver infraction (9.1%, 1 of 11). Three kinds of procedures-endoscopic operation, open operation and conservative treatment-were executed respectively and had obtained satisfactory results. Conclusions Bile leakage and residual choledocholithiasis were the leading causes of jaundice following LC. Prompt etiologic therapy may effectively relieve the symptoms.

Objective To determine if fetal stem cells can enter the maternal circulation during pregnancy and re-pair the injuries of maternal heart.Methods C57 female mice at the age of 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups:sham control, surgery without pregnancy, and surgery with pregnancy ( n=8,eath group) .The control sham group was developed by opening and closing of the chest.The other two groups underwent heart surgery.The myocardial infarc-tion ( MI) model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Half of the surgical mice mated with e-GFP transgenic male mice, and another half group was not.Electrocardiogram ( ECG) and echocardiographic images were recorded at pre-operation, post-operation and postpartum.The collected data were used to evaluate the heart function. The GFP expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and q-PCR.Results When compared with the sham group, both the ischemia surgery groups with and without pregnancy, the ECG ST segment was significantly increased.This meas-urement indicated that the myocardial ischemia surgery was successful, and no significant difference in the ST segments be-tween two ischemia surgery groups was found.However, when ECG was measured in the surgical mice after postpartum, their myocardial ischemia was dramatically improved when compared with that of the ischemia surgery only mice.Echocar-diographic images also indicated that both the surgery groups had myocardial ischemia, however, no significant difference was observed in the pregnant mice before and after postpartum.The order of the cardiac function indexes from high to low was the sham group, surgery with pregnancy group, and surgery with no pregnancy group;in particular, the cardiac func-tion of pregnancy group was significantly enhanced compared with that of the surgery with no pregnancy group (P<0.05). More importantly, both immunofluorescence and q-PCR results showed that the embryonic stem cell translocation through circulation system with GFP expression in the heart of pregnancy group, while negative in other two groups.Conclusions Embryonic stem cells can be transferred into the maternal circulation of pregnant mice, and play a role in the repairing of their cardiac injuries.

Objective To investigate the effects of different methods of volume therapy on the inflammatory response in patients undergoing liver cancer resection.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 40-60 yr,with body mass index 20-25 kg/m2,undergoing liver cancer resection,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =20 each):routine fluid replacement group (group Ⅰ ) and goal-directed fluid replacement group (group Ⅱ ).The fluid replacement regime in group Ⅰ =compensatory volume expansion (CVE) + physiological requirements + cumulative loss + confinued loss + the third space losses.CVE was replaced with lactated Ringer's (LR) solution 5 mg/kg before anesthesia induction.The physiological requirements and cumulative loss were replaced with LR solution according to the principle of 4-2-1.The continued loss equal to the intraoperative blood loss was replaced with the equal volume of 6％ hydroxyethyl s tarch ( HES 130/0.4).The 3rd space losses were replaced with LR solution 5 ml·kg-1 ·h-1.In group Ⅱ,CVE was replaced with LR sol6ution as in group Ⅰ.LR solution was infused after anesthesia induction at 5 ml·kg-1 ·h-1.6％ HES was infused to maintain left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) between 350-400 ms.When 350 ms ＜ LVETc ＜ 400 ms and the amplitude of stroke volume ( SV ) increased by ＞ 10％,6％ HES was infused continuously until the amplitude of SV increased by ≤ 10％.Blood samples were taken before anesthesia induction and at the end of operation for measurement of serum TNF-α,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations.The adverse cardiovascular reactions were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 concentrations were significantly decreased,the serum IL-2 and IL-4 concentrations were significantly increase,and the incidence of hypotension and tachycardia was significantly decreased in group Ⅱ ( P ＜ 0.05).No adverse cardiovascular reactions were found in both groups.Conclusion LVETc and SV-guided volume therapy can maintain the blood volume and inhibit the inflammatory response and is suitable for the patients undergoing liver cancer resection.

Objective To investigate the curative effect and safety of microinvasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) and ureteroscope lithotripsy (URSL) in treatment of children′s (≤6 years old) middle and upper segment ureteral calculi. Methods Eighty children (≤6 years old) with middle and upper segment ureteral calculi were selected, and they were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method with 40 cases each. The children of observation group were treated with MPCNL, and the children of control group were treated with URSL. The operation time, hospitalization time, calculi clearance rate of the first phase, decline situation of the postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit and complication were compared between 2 groups. Results The operation time and hospitalization time in observation group were significantly shorter than those in control group:(45.43 ± 9.76) min vs. (68.32 ± 11.28) min and (8.12 ± 1.03) d vs. (13.45 ± 2.34) d, the calculi clearance rate of the first phase was significantly higher than that in control group: 100.0% (40/40) vs. 62.5%(25/40), the incidence of complication was significantly lower than that in control group:20.0%(8/40) vs. 60.0% (24/40), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the decline situation of the postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The MPCNL in treatment of children′s middle and upper segment ureteral calculi has short operation time, high calculi clearance rate of the first phase, and low incidence of perioperative complication. Compared with URSL, the URSL is safe and efficient, and it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To observe the influence of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in teaching patients with cervical spondylosis about their disease.Methods A hundred cervical spondylosis patients were assigned according to their admission order into an experimental or a control group.The control group received conventional health education and health education materials, including oral health education.With the intervention group,the TPB was used to design their nursing, and they received behavioral intervention addressing attitude, subjective norms and behavior control.Both groups were assessed for the degree of pain using a six-point pain score, health behavior, and recurrence, before the experiment and after 6 months.Results After six months both groups had significantly improved pain scores, but the average improvement in the intervention group was significantly greater.Their health behavior was also significantly better except for the prevention of pharyngeal infection and keeping warm.Conclusions The TPB can significantly relieve the pain and improve the health behavior of spondylosis patients, and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective The forensic application of Lefort aqua regia digestion method detecting diatom in rabbits’s organs. Methods Using the Lefort aqua regia digestion-membrane ifltrition-SEM observation method and the traditional acid digestion-centrifugation-light microscopy observation method to detect diatom of drowning or postmortem immersion rabbits’s organs(lung,liver,kidney), and make statistical analysis of diatom number, consuming time, digestive capability and ifne structure of diatoms. Results The diatom number of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method, with the difference being statistically signiifcant (P<0.05), as well as consuming time, but have undifferentiated of drowning grounp(P>0.05), and have a better observation effect. Conclusion The Lefort aqua regia digestion method for diatom extraction was helpful for diatom identiifcation., and useful in drowning test by conventional and economicly.

Objective To investigate the importance of elements of teaching aesthetic(appearance aesthetics; language aesthetics; emotion aesthetics; PPT aesthetics; blackboard-writing aesthetics and model aesthetics) in clinical orthopaedic teaching,and to analyze the reasons and significance of them.Methods Totally 137 medical students(2005 and 2006 grade) were investigated by the questionnaire in resent 2 years.They were asked to choose the first two important elements of teaching anesthetic from six elements displayed by four teachers.Results The percentage of appearance aesthetics,language aesthetics,emotion aesthetics,PPT aesthetics,blackboard-writing aesthetics and model aesthetics were showed as 97.4％,88.7％,67.1％,58.9％,13.6％ and 1.2％ respectively.Conclusion Teaching aesthetics is an indispensible part of teaching aesthetically and it is helpful to promote the teaching.We should be focus on PPT aesthetics and appearance aesthetics,which show high percentage in our research.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between stroke volume variation (SVV) and blood volume during one-lung ventilation (OLV).Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ male patients,aged 50-60 yr,with body mass index 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective resection of esophageal cancer,were studied.Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 4 μg/kg,propofol 2 mg/kg,and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg.Double-lumen tube was inserted.Correct position was verified by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg,RR 15 bpm,Ⅰ ∶ E 1 ∶ 2).6％ hydroxyethyl statch (HES) 130/0.4 was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.67 ml· kg-1 · min-1 starting from 30 min of OLV.SVV,cardiac output (CO),SV and cardiac index (CI) were monitored and recorded using the FloTrac/Vigileo (Edwards Lifesciences,USA) system before HES was infused and when the dose of HES reached 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 ml/kg.Spearman rank sum correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data.Results SVV was negatively correlated with the blood volume during OLV and the correlation coefficient was rSVV =-0.249.CI,CO and SV were positively correlated with the blood volume during OLV and the correlation coefficients were rCO =0.570,rSV =0.552 and rCI =0.550,respectively.Conclusion SVV is poorly correlated with the blood volume during OLV and can not reflect the blood volume accurately.