Tumor vaccine is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in tumor immunotherapy. It promotes the antigen presentation process by delivering tumor antigen and then activates the anti-tumor immune response. As a new class of vaccines, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines can activate the immune system to achieve the purpose of immunotherapy by delivering the mRNA sequence of a specific antigen into the body and expressing the corresponding antigen protein. Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have the advantages of a short production cycle, high effectiveness, and strong immunogenicity. In recent years, the application of mRNA vaccines in tumor immunotherapy has attracted widespread attention, but the instability and low delivery efficiency of mRNA limit its application. Nano delivery system can effectively solve the problem of mRNA vaccine delivery, greatly promote the research process and clinical application of mRNA tumor vaccines, and has become a hot spot in the research of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we introduced the mRNA tumor vaccines, focusing on the application of nano delivery system in mRNA tumor vaccines, in order to provide new ideas and new methods for the efficient delivery of mRNA tumor vaccines and tumor immunotherapy.

Background The retina microglia play a eliminating effect on apoptotie cells in the neural retinal layer of normal rats during postnatal development.Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8(MFG.E8)can combine specifically with phosphatidylinositol serine of the surface of apoptotie cells and enhance macrophage phagoeytosis of apoptotic cells.Objective Present study was to evaluate the localization and expression of MFG-E8 and its relevant cytokines in the neural retinal layer of normal rats during postnatal development Methods Normal royal college of surgeon(RCS)rats were divided into P0,P3,P7,Pi4,P30,P45 groups according to their postnatal days,and the 30-day-old RCS rats(2 rats)served as controls.Double stain of M FG.E8 and microglial cells marker(CD11b)was performed by immunofluorescence.Expressions of MFG-E8,integrin β5,CD11b and interleukin-6(IL-6)mRNA in the neural retina were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The utilization of animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State and Science and Technology Commission.Results MFG-E8 and CD11b were positively co-expressed in retinal ganglion cell layer and external plexiform layer with the green fluorescence for FITC-labeled IgG and red fluorescence for cy3-labeled lgG respectively in normal adult rats.RT-PCR showed that the mRNA of MFG-E8,integrin 85,CD11b and IL-6 was detectable at P0 rats.The expression level of these eytokines began to rise fterward and reached peak value at P14 rats and then declined gradually,showing significant differences among different ages groups in various cytokines mRNA expression(all P<0.05).Conclusion MFG-E8 can be specifically expressed in the neural layer of retina microglia in RCS rat.

Objective To investigate the effects of human Rrain-derived neurotrophic factor-gamma fetopro-tein (hBDNF-GFP) gene-transfected neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation on BDNF expressions in the retina of rots after optic nerve (ON) crush injury. Method ①Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly as-signed into a control group (n = 6) and ON crush group (n = 72). In the ON crush group, the right ON was crushed while the left NO was exposed as sham injury. Rats in the ON crush group were divided into three sub-groups: PBS group (intravitreons injection of 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffered solution); GFP group (intravitreous transplantation of GFP gene-transfected NSCs); and hBDNF-GFP group (intravitreous transplantation of hBDNF-GFP gene-transfected NSCs). Rats were sacrificed 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after transplantation, and BDNF expres-sions in retinal homogenates was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ②The hBDNF-GFP-NSCs were transplanted intravitreous into six rats after ON crush injury. Following this, two rats were sacri-riced 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation. The survival and location of NSCs in host retina were observed by frozen section analysis. ③Adult SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 5); NSC group (NSC transplantation, n = 10); GFP-NSC group (GFP-NSC transplantation, n = 10); and hBDNF-GFP-NSC group (hBDNF-GFP-NSC transplantation, n = 10). Four and eight weeks after transplantation, five rats from every group were sacrificed. Western blot analysis was used to determine retinal BDNF expression. Results ① There was no significant difference in BDNF expression between the control group and sham-injury groups (P >0.05). Three days after NSC transplantation, BDNF expression increased significantly in the three injured sub-groups compared with the sham-injury group, (P < 0.05), whereas no significant inter-group differences in BDNF expressions among three injured sub-groups were observed (P > 0.05). Seven days after transplantation, there was a significant difference in BDNF expression between the GFP-NSC group and the sham-injury groups (P <0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in BDNF expressions among the PBS, hBDNF-GFP-NSC and sham-injury groups (P > 0.05). Fourteen and 28 days after transplantation, BDNF expressions decreased in the PBS group and the GFP-NSC groups, while BDNF expressions in the hBDNF-GFP-NSC group increased significant-ly compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05); ②Frozen section showed that transplanted hBDNF-GFP-NSCs could survive and gradually extended to all layers of the host retina. ③Westem blot revealed there were no differences in BDNF expressions between 4-week and 8-week intervals in the hBDNF-GFP-NSC group. Compared with other three groups, BDNF expressions in the retina increased significantly after hBDNF-GFP-NSC transplanta-tion. Conclusions The hBDNF-GFP gene-trausfected NSCs can survive in the host retina and BDNF expressions are stable at a high level.

Objective To compare RNA interference (RNAi) with imatinib in killing K562 cells. Methods Design effective shRNA sequences special for bcr-abl silencing and insert them into the eukaryotic expression vector for RNAi by gene engineering. The recombinant plasmi(ts were then transfected into K562 cells. 48 hours later, the efficiency of transfection was identified by fluorescent microscope, bcr-abl mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Another group of K562 cells were treated respectively by imatinib with different concentration. All groups of K562 cells were finally analyzed in apoptosis, cell proliferation and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Results Both RNAi and imatinib induced apoptosis, decreased proliferation and reduced phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Conclusion BNAi can kill K562 cells successfully as imatinib, and it may be a promising way to treat CML patients in clinic, especially for those who fail in imatinib or other chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of xenon intervention on delayed neuropsychologic sequelae (DNS)in acute carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Method Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into sustained group,early intervention group,and control group.CO(150 ml/kg)was infused by intraperitoneal injection to produce DNS model.In sustained intervention group(S-group),xenon(150 ml/kg/d)was infilsed by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks;in control group(C-group),xenon was replaced by equal volume air;and in early intervention group(E-tvoup),xenon(150 ml/kg/d)was,employed in the first 3 days and air(150 ml/kg/d)was substituted for xenon in the following days until 2 weeks after CO poisoning.Morris maze test was used to evaluate the intelligence of rats.The long-term potentiation(LTP)of hippocampus Was detected by neuroelectricity recording.The apoptosis rates in brain was detected by TUNEL staining.The data were expressed as(x±s)and analyzed with student's test and analysis of variance.A P value less than 0.05 indicated statisfical significance.Results After exposure to CO,poisoned rats showed intelligence decline,demyeliation ofwater matler and cell apoptosis increased,which were consistent with DNS.In S-group and E-group,the rates of DNS and apoptosis were significantly lower than those in C-group,whereas the rote of LTP in S-group and E-group Was significantly higher than those in C-group.Conclusions Early xenon intervention can effectively decrease the rates of DNS occurred after acute CO poisoning.

AIM: To observe the inhibitory effect of interferon-α ( IFN-α) on the growth invasiveness and metastasis of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823, and mechanism of its action. METHODS: We detected the influence of IFN-α on the proliferative ability of BGC-823 in cell culture system, the cell vitality with the MTT colorimetric assay, and the cell cycle with flow cytometer (FCM). The regulatory functions of IFN-α to the expression of E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2) in tumor cells were estimated by immunohistochemical analysis ( S-P). The ultrastructural changes of the junction among the tumor cells were observed under electron microscope. RESULTS : IFN-α can significantly inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 in a dose-dependent manner. When the concentration of IFN-α was ≥106 U/L, the cell proliferation can be effectively suppressed,the suppression rate was ≥ 12. 2%, and the blockage appeared at the phase of G1-S of the cell cycle. Under the induction of IFN-α, the expression level of the cell E-cadherin increased while the MMP-2 decreased. The changes on ultrastructure of the cells showed the increased adhesive junctions and the relative compact structure. CONCLUSION: IFN-α can suppress the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 through its influence on cell cycle. IFN-α can regulate the expression of E-cadherin and MMP-2, make the cell junction closely, so that it has the potential on restricting the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma cells.

Medical cell biology is an important basic medical course. Owing to its complex and esoteric knowledge and few lessons, there is a dilemma of teaching and learning. From learning situation analysis, the course team building programs, operation and management of the program, learning evaluation program, the author has conducted exploration and preliminarily proved that the medical cell biology curriculum team learning is conducive to the cultivation of students ' innovation ability and the team cooperation spirit as well as improvement of students ' learning interest, which is worthy of application and promotion.

Objective To explore the curative effects of uterine arterial embolization(UAE) in treating adenomyosis.Methods Bilateral UAE was performed by Seldinger’s technique in 39 patients with adenomysis (11 cases coexisted with uterine leiomyoma).The catamenia,menorrhalgia,anemia,the size of uterus and lesions were observed after procedure.Results 6 months after treatment,mean catamenia was reduces 56.2%(?

AIM:To observe the inhibitory effect of interferon-?(IFN-?)on the growth invasiveness and metastasis of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823,and mechanism of its action.METHODS:We detected the influence of IFN-? on the proliferative ability of BGC-823 in cell culture system,the cell vitality with the MTT colorimetric assay,and the cell cycle with flow cytometer(FCM).The regulatory functions of IFN-? to the expression of E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)in tumor cells were estimated by immunohistochemical analysis(S-P).The ultrastructural changes of the junction among the tumor cells were observed under electron microscope.RESULTS:IFN-? can significantly inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 in a dose-dependent manner.When the concentration of IFN-? was ≥106 U/L,the cell proliferation can be effectively suppressed,the suppression rate was ≥12.2%,and the blockage appeared at the phase of G_1-S of the cell cycle.Under the induction of IFN-?,the expression level of the cell E-cadherin increased while the MMP-2 decreased.The changes on ultrastructure of the cells showed the increased adhesive junctions and the relative compact structure.CONCLUSION:IFN-? can suppress the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 through its influence on cell cycle.IFN-? can regulate the expression of E-cadherin and MMP-2,make the cell junction closely,so that it has the potential on restricting the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma cells.

The aim of this study is to develop the Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels and investigate its pharmacodynamics. Oleic acid was used as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil as surfaetant, and 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant to screen the formula of Tripterygium glycoside nanoemulsion using the pseudo-temary phase diagrams. Then the nanoemulsion gels was prepared. The ICR mouse ears were sensitazated by 7% DNCB, and then were excited by 0.3% DNCB to stimulate the model of mouse chronic dermatitis and eczema. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-8 in mouse blood were determined by ELISA. The results showed that Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels could significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse ears(P < 0.01) and ameliorate the edama and erythema of model mouse ears skin. Also it could significantly decrease the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in model mouse blood. Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels had a good therapeutic effect on mouse model of dermatitis and eczema. It was expected to provide a new and long-acting exterernal preparation for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dermatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Female ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-8 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry