The geographical distribution of active physicians who graduated from medical schools before 1985 were studied. Those who had emigrated, hold non-medical jobs, are in the military service, or work as public health physicians and resident staff were excluded from the study. A total of 27,728 physicians were analyzed. Our studies have shown a relationship between the location of the medical schools from the which the physicians have graduated and the geographical regions in which they practice. A statistically significant number of physicians are working near the medical colleges from which they have graduated. That is, those who had graduated from medical schools located in the southern area of the country are presently working in the same region. This relationship was shown to be especially significant for older physicians and female doctors, who work around the area of the medical colleges from which they graduated.
Female ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Public Health ; Schools, Medical

No abstract available.
Citrobacter freundii* ; Citrobacter* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Meningitis*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Typhoid Fever*

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the procedure-related complications of the TIPS and its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials consisted of 52 patients who had 57 TIPS procedures for the management of variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension. To detect the occurrence of complications during transhepatic needle puncture(from hepatic vein to the portal vein), contrast material was injected with the withdrawl of the puncture needle. RESULTS: Procedure-related complications occurred in 28 patients (54%) among 52 patients. The corn lications were biliary tree puncture(15 cases), transperitoneal puncture(14 cases), stent malposition(3 cases) stent migration(1 case), hepatic arteries puncture(1 case), splenic vein perforation(1 case), and paroxysmal tricular tachycardia(1 case). Three patients had acute stent thrombosis with rebleeding immediately after procedure. The procedure was repeated in two patients. One patient was expired due to rebleeding. CONCLUSION: The procedure related complications were clinically insignificant in most instances, when stent thrombosis or proxysmal ventricular tachycardia was developed.
Biliary Tract ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Needles ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical* ; Punctures ; Splenic Vein ; Stents ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Thrombosis ; Zea mays

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria was reported in 1933 by Ichikawa and Hiraga in Japan. This disease is characterized by small pigmented and depigmented mottled macules on the trunk and extremities. We report two cases of dyschromatosis universalis. Case one is a 47-year-old man presented with hypoand hyperpigmented spots on the trunk and extrexities. At about 30 years of age, he started to show pigmentary changes on the back, which became progressively spread to the other parts of the trunk and extremities. Case two is a 27-year-old man with numerous mottled hypo-and hyperpigmented spots on the trunk and extremities. He started to show pigmentary changes on the back about 12 years ago. This pigmentary changes also became progressively spread to the other part of the trunk and extrimities. There were no family history of similar disease. On physical exminations, both patients had hrown rice-grain sized pigmented and depigmented macules without scales and atropy on the trunk and extremites. Fontana-Masson stains revealed decreased and increased melar in granules in the basal cell layers in the hypopigrnented and hyperpigmented lesions respectively.
Adult ; Coloring Agents ; Extremities ; Humans ; Japan ; Middle Aged ; Weights and Measures

Idiopathic progressive atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini(IPAPP) is charcterized by sharply dermatcated, atrophic and slate-gray to brownish patches. We report a 17-year-old female with well-defined, atrophic, and brown colored patched on the abdomen, flank, and back. Histologic finding showed marked thining of dermis with thichening of collagen fibers and fragmentation of elastic fibers.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching* ; Humans* ; Nasal Mucosa*

Spontaneous mediastinal hematoma is a rare disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Endovascular treatment for spontaneous mediastinal bleeding with SLE is also rare but effective method preventing major surgery. The timely diagnosis is the key element to prevent the catastrophic course of complications corresponding to SLE.

There have been many reports to date regarding the role of GnRH as a local regulatory factor of ovarian function as studies of human and rat ovaries revealed GnRH and its receptor. In recent studies it has been shown that GnRH directly causes apoptosis in the granulosa cells of the rat ovary, and such results leads to the suggestion that the use of GnRH agonist for more stable long term ovarian hyperstimulation in human IVF-ET programs causes granulosa cell apoptosis which may lead to follicular atresia. Therefore this study attempts to determine if granulosa-luteal cell apoptosis occurs in patients during IVF-ET programs in which GnRH agonist is employed for ovarian hyperstimulation. The quality of oocyte-cumulus complexes obtained during ovum pickup procedures were assessed morphologically and then the fertilization rate and developmental rate was determined. Apoptotic cells among the granulosa-luteal cells obtained during the same procedure were observed after staining with Hematoxylin-rosin. The fragmentation degree of DNA extracted from granulosa-luteal cells was determined and comparatively analyzed. There was no difference in the average age of the patients, the number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization and developmental rates between the FSH/hMG group and GnRH-long group. There was also no difference in the apoptosis rate and pyknosis rate in the granulosa-luteal cells between the two groups. However, when the oocyte-cumulus complexes were morphoogically divided into the healthy group and atretic group without regard for the method of hyperstimulation, the results showed that the number of oocytes obtained averaged 11.09+/-8.75 and 10.33+/-4.53 per cycle, respectively, showing no significant difference, but the fertilization rate (77.05%, 56.99%, respectively, p<0.01) and developmental ,ate (65.96%, 41.51%, respectively, p<0.01) was significantly increased in the healthy group when compared to the atretic group. The degree of apoptosis in the granulosa-luteal cells showed that in the healthy group it was 2.25% which was not significantly different from the atretic group (2.77%), but the pyknosis rate in the atretic group (27.81%) was significantly higher compared to the healthy group (11.35%, p<0.01). The quantity of DNA fragmentation in the FSH/hMG group was 32.22%, while in the GnRH-long group it was 34.27%, showing no significant difference. On the other hand the degree of DNA fragmentation was 39.05% and 11.83% in the healthy group and atretic group, respectively, showing significantly higher increase in the atretic group (p<0.01). The above results suggest that death of granulosa-luteal cells according to the state of the oocyte-cumulus complex is more related to pyknosis rather than apoptosis. Also, the GnRH agonist used in ovarian hyperstimulation does not seem to directly affect the apoptosis of retrieved oocytes and granulosa-luteal cells, and which is thought to be due to the suppression of the apoptogenic effect of GnRH agonist as a result of the high doses of FSH administered.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Fertilization ; Follicular Atresia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Granulosa Cells ; Hand ; Humans* ; Luteal Cells ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Ovum ; Rats