OBJECTIVE: The study of 467 cases of amniocentesis have been done at the department of Genetics, Taegu Cheil Hospital from Oct. 1997 to May 1999 for the purpose of analysis of abnormal karyotype according to the indication and age distribution, METHODS: We collected amniotic fluid using 22G spinal needle and measured amniotic alphafetoprotein and acetylcholine esterase in supematant and performed cytogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Positive Down screeing(positive triple test) was the most common indication of amniocentesis (61.5%) and abnormal karyotypes were 24 cases(5.1%) in 467 cases. Among 24 abnormal cases, 10 cases(2.1%) of 21 trisomy were observed. Abnormal karyotypes were most common in the group of abnormal ultrasonogram finding and the gmup of maternal age between 31 to 35 years old, which consists of 25% and 7.7% respectively. CONCLUSION: More attention for the abnormal karyotype should be paid to the group of abnormal ultrasonogram finding and the group of maternal age between 31 to 35 years old as well as above 35 years old.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Acetylcholine ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Amniocentesis ; Amniotic Fluid ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Daegu ; Female ; Genetics ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Maternal Age ; Needles ; Trisomy ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

PURPOSE: To describe the radiological differences between tuberculous(TBB) and non-tuberculous bronchiectasis(NTBB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest radiographs(n=62), bronchograms(n=18), and CT scans(n=52) of 37 patients with TBB and 25 patients with NTBB were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnostic basis for TBB were positive sputum AFB with or without history of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy(n=35), and radiological findings of pulmonary tuberculosis (n=2). Four of NTBB had a history of severe respiratory tract infection in childhood. RESULTS: Air-fluid levels on chest radiographs were seen in 2% of TBB, and 20% of NTBB. On bronchograms, all patients with TBB had combined focal bronchostenosis, whereas patients with NTBB had tubular(50%), cystic(17%), or mixed(33%) pattern of dilatation without stenosis. On CT scans, focal emphysema was seen in 86% of the patients with TBB, and 38% of the patients with NTBB. Peribronchiolar infiltration were seen in 78% and 44% of patients with TBB and NTBB, retrospectively. CONCLUSION: Basic radiological difference between TBB and NTBB was that the former had coexistent sten.
Bronchiectasis* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Arthritis* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factors*

With the recent development of information and communication technology, social interest in virtual reality (VR) is increasing rapidly. VR technology is expanding into applications such as games, movies, entertainment, healthcare, education/media, manufacturing, and construction. In the healthcare, VR is used for surgical training, medical education, rehabilitation medicine, pain control, and treatment for psychiatric disorder, but the market size of VR in healthcare is not big compared to VR application in other industries. However, as the demand for high-quality medical care increases and the training time of the resident physicians is reduced, the demand for VR in the healthcare is expected to increase rapidly. Especially, the nose and paranasal sinus are composed of complicated osseous structures, which makes it difficult to understand the exact anatomy and requires highly skilled techniques to perform accurate and safe surgery. For this reason, nose and sinus are a suitable field to apply VR technology. In this review article, we describe the overview of VR technology used in healthcare, the status and prospects of VR in endoscopic sinus surgery and facial plastic surgery.
Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Nose ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Plastics* ; Rehabilitation ; Simulation Training ; Surgery, Plastic

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis(PPV) was first described in 1947 as a distinctive association of vascular and pigmentary nevi by Ota et al. Hasegawa et al subclassified the disorder into eight types and type I a is characterized by the coexistence of nevus flammeus and nevus pigmentosus et verrucous, which is not associated with systemic organ involvement. PPV type I a is relatively rare and a case with multiple pyogenic granulomas developed in pregnancy, is not reported yet. We present a case of PPV type I a with multiple pyogenic granulomas developed in pregnancy within nevus flammeus in a 29-year-old female.
Adult ; Female ; Granuloma, Pyogenic* ; Humans ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes* ; Nevus ; Port-Wine Stain ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Pancreatic Pseudocyst*

PURPOSE: To determine the change of exoangle according to the measure distance and 1-hour occlusion of exotropic eye in intermittent exotropia. METHODS: We prospectively reviewed the records of 60 patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia. The exoangle was measured at 6 m, 14 m, outdoor 30 m and at 6 m after occlusion of exotropic eye for 1 hour. Refractive error, stereoacuity and suppression were investigated in all subjects. RESULTS: The mean amount of exoangle was 28.2 +/- 5.64 PD at 6 m, 29.7 +/- 6.54 PD at 14 m and 30.3 +/- 2.84 PD at outdoor 30 m. The amounts of exoangle at 14 m and at outdoor 30 m were significantly increased compared with that at 6 m (p=0.009 and p=0.005, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between that at 14 m and at 30 m (p=0.08). The mean amount of exoangle after occlusion of exotropic eye for 1 hour was 29.3 +/- 5.48 PD, which was not statistically different from that at 14 m (p=0.44) and at 30 m (p=0.19). In 31 patients (51.7%) who had an increase of exoangle more than 3 PD at 14 m and 30 m compared to that at 6 m, mean exoangle at 6 m was 31.4 +/- 5.30 PD. In 29 patients (48.3%) who had an increase of exoangle less than 3PD, mean exoangle at 6 m was 26.2 +/- 5.72 PD. Increase of exoangle was prominent in patients with exoangle more than 30 PD at 6 m. There was no correlation in the amount of exoangle according to refractive error, stereoacuity and the presence of suppression (p=0.17, p=0.47, p=1.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The exoangle increased at distances longer than 6 m and after 1-hour occlusion of exotropic eye in intermittent exotropia. The increment of exoangle according to distance was prominent in patients with exoangle more than 30 PD at 6 m.
Exotropia* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Refractive Errors

Jaundice may be present at birth or appears at any time during the neonatal period, depending on the responsible condition and it should be considered for the infant a sign of risk with the degree of danger. Jaundice may represent dependent on factors that effect the production. Metabolism, excretion, and distribution of bilirubin after birth. So physical and hematological observation was performed on the 85 newborn infants who were treated phototherapy and phenobarbital therapy in Korea National Veterans Hospital in one year period, from March 1, 1980 to February 28, 1981. The following results are obtained 1) The highest monthly incidence was seen in June with 18 cases(21.1%). 2) The most common delivery type was cesarean section with 51 cases(60.0%). 3) The peak serum bilirubin value was reached 4days and incidence was estimated(41.2%). At that time, the nean value of serum bilirubin level estimated is 14.9%mg%. 4) No relationship0 between birth weight, mohter's parity, and serum bilirubin level. 5) The relationship between serum bilirubin level and gestational age, the premature infants appeared a highly increased level of serum bilirubin. 6) Conditions with low hemoglobin level and platelet counts revealed elevation tendency of serum bilirubin level. But no clear relationship between serum bilirubin level and reticulocyte counts.
Bilirubin ; Birth Weight ; Cat-Scratch Disease* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Korea ; Metabolism ; Parity ; Parturition ; Phenobarbital ; Phototherapy ; Platelet Count ; Pregnancy ; Reticulocyte Count

The gastrointestinal polyp is a premalignant lesion in varying degree. According to the size, the pathology and the location of polyps, it should be removed. Polyps in the gastrointestinal tract can be removed by surgical excision, electrosurgery, cryotherapy, regional radiotherapy and laser therapy with some limitations. Considerable advance in therapeutic endoscopy as well as in diagnostic endoscopy along with newly developed instruments has now made it possible to excise gastrointestinal polyps by means of high frequency generator. We have underwent endoscopic polypectomy, strip biopsy and "O" ring ligation on gastric polyps in 112 patients who visited in this hospital from July l988 to January 1994, and the clinical characteristics including histopathology has been evaluated. Removed polyps were variable in size from less than 0.5 cm up to 4cm. Finally, we concluded that endoscopic polypectomy is a safe and relativly simple procedure and postpolypectomy complication can be considerably reduced by conservative antiulcer therapy.
Biopsy ; Cryotherapy ; Electrosurgery ; Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Ligation ; Pathology ; Polyps* ; Radiotherapy