To make the objective standard of nuclear size in grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system (Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were 7.56microgram, 7.53microgram in nuclear grade 1, 8.92+/-0.98microgram, 9.02+/-0.74microgram in nuclear grade 2, and 12.90+/-1.47prn, 12.44+/-1.41microgram in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. Ths would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Erythrocytes ; Pathology, Surgical ; Purpura*

During s period of rapid growth in adolescence, weakening of the epiphyseal plate and shearing stress of incumbent body weight may cause the femoral head to become displaced from its normal relation to the femoral neck. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis was firstly described by Ambrose Pare in 1572, and many cases have been reported in Europe and America, and extremely rare in Korea. This particular case is a 15-year-old boy. Slipping was evident on the initial X-ray taken at a local provincial hospital approximately 1 year prior to come to this hospital. Owing to the capital epiphysis subluxated with coxa magna deformity, we performed Herndons operation as the first step of treatment. And schedule to do subtrochanteric wedge osteotomy for correction of residual deformity on right hip later on. Varization of left hip is also considered.
Adolescent ; Americas ; Appointments and Schedules ; Body Weight ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Europe ; Femur Neck ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Osteotomy ; S Phase

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical fitness and performance level depending on play style in female table tennis players. Thirty-one female players participated in this study. The measurement factors for physical fitness were body composition, cardiopulmonary function and fitness, balance, power, flexibility, agility, isotonic and isokinetic strength, muscle endurance and anaerobic. Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows; in cardiopulmonary function and fitness, FEV1/FVC was significantly higher in defensive style than drive style. Also, Harvard step test was significantly higher in drive style than attack style. In agility, cross run was significantly slower in attack style than the other styles. In isokinetic strength, left flexion strength of knee was significantly higher in driver style than defensive style. Also, in correlations, performance level had association with Harvard step test in defensive and attack style, 20 m run in attack style, cross run in defensive and drive style, push-ups in drive style. As different physical fitness factors were correlated on performance and scientific training program should be applied according to the play styles.
Body Composition ; Education ; Exercise Test ; Female* ; Humans ; Knee ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability ; Racquet Sports ; Sports ; Tennis*

Periosteal chondroma is a slowly growing cartilage tumor of limited size, which develops within and beneath the periosteal connective tissue and characteristically erodes and induces sclerosis of the contiguous cortical bone. The typical morphology of this tumor consists of an area of outer cortex scalloping involving the metaphyseal lesion of a long bone with slightly overhanging edges and a small amount of cartilage calcified matrix adjacent to the scalloping. Histologically this benign tumor can mimic chondrosarcoma. Awareness of this fact is important in order to avoid overdiagnosis and resultant overtreatment of the benign lesion. We report three cases of periosteal chondromas arising in the phalangeal bones of the hand. All were treated by curettage. No local recurrence was seen following this treatment.
Cartilage ; Chondroma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Connective Tissue ; Curettage ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Hand ; Medical Overuse ; Pectinidae ; Recurrence ; Sclerosis

The acetabular angles were measured in 2 groups of selected 100 infants and children each, of whom one group aged 14 months and younger and the other group aged 15 months of 5 yrs. and who were proved to be normal by all the physical examination and whose acetabular angles were below 40 according to Coleman's diagnostic criteria. The measurements were broken down into right and left, and male and female because of the known difference in the incidence of CDH in 2 members of each of these paired categories and analysed statistically. The following statistic significances resulted: l. All the measured normal acetabular angles vary between 10 and 31 degrees. 2. The acetabular angles decrease after weight bearing by the statistical significant difference between 0-14 mo. group and 15 mo-5yr. group. The angles are 22,61±3,47 (M±S,D) and 18.68±3.64 (M±S.D) respectively. 3. The acetabular angles of female of 15mo.-5yr. group are higher than male by the statistical significant difference. The angles are 17.77±3.54 (M±S.D) and 20.18±3.29 (M±S.D) respectively. 4. Statistical significant differences were absent between right and left.
Acetabulum ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Diverticulitis* ; Laparoscopy*

No abstract available.

Hemoglobin(Hb), zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and blood lead(PbB) levels were determined for 1,851 blood samples collected from healthy urban population to establish reliable baselines for Hb, ZPP and PbB levels by age and sex. ZPP values were analyzed with a Hmatofluorometer and PbB determinations were concurrently carried out using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The blood sampling period was about 6 months from May, 1991 and the summarized results were as follows; 1. The mean value of Hb in male female were 14.55+/-1.81 g/dl and 12.61+/-1.81 g/dl respectively and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. The mean value of ZPP in pre-schoolchildren was 37.49+/-13.31 microgram/dl for male, 35.77+/-11.85 microgram/dl for female and that of ZPP in after 7 years groups was 31.91+/-8.23 microgram/dl for male, 30.11+/-9.11 microgram/dl for female and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 3. The mean value of PbB in pre-schoolchildren was 25.10+/-5.21 microgram/dl for male, 24.45+/-4.18 microgram/dl for female and that of PbB in after 7 years groups was 24.28+/-3.00 microgram/dl for male, 21.99+/-5.05 microgram/dl for female and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05).
Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Urban Population* ; Zinc*

OBJECTIVE: The prescription rates of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are very low around 1% in Korea. This study was aimed to explore the preference of LAIs in patients with schizophrenia, who are currently living in community, and their caregivers. METHODS: The patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia by DSM-IV TR and were registered in the 31 mental health centers of Gyeonggi province and their caregivers were inquired the knowledge of the LAIs. The questionnaires contained information such as demographic characteristics, history of psychiatric treatment, and so on. RESULTS: About 5,318 were registered in 31 community mental health centers of Gyeonggi province in February 2012. The questionnaires of 614 patients and 365 caregivers were gathered from 20 community mental health centers. The mean ages (+/-SD) of patients and caregivers were 41.9 (+/-10.2) and 62.2 (+/-13.4) years old, respectively. 272 patients (44.6%) had experienced the discontinuation of medications without doctor's consent. 217 patients (35.9%) and 97 caregivers (27.1%) knew about the LAIs. The preference rates for LAIs were 35.2% and 46.8% for the patients and caregivers, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is still huge discrepancy between the preference and the real prescriptions of LAIs in community-dwelling patients and their caregivers, much higher than in those of hospital settings. This study suggests that both patients and caregivers registered in the community mental health centers have a strong commitment to live in the community. The obstacles against the benefits of LAIs need to be resolved.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Caregivers ; Community Mental Health Centers ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Prescriptions ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Tooth*