To analyze the compatibility regularity of compound traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patents for treating dyslipidemia, and provide basis for the clinical development and research of new TCM for treating dyslipidemia. Totally 243 compound traditional Chinese medicine patents for treating dyslipidemia were collected from the national patent database from September 1985 to March 2014 and analyzed by using drug frequency, association rules, complex network and entropy method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System (V1.1). The commonest single medicine in the treatment of dyslipidemia is Crataegi Fructus 109 (44.86%). The commonest pair medicine is Crataegi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 53 (21.81%). The commonest corner drug is Crataegi Fructus-Cassiae Semen-Polygoni Multiflori Radix 25 (10.29%). The common prescriptions on basis of association rules are Prunellae Spica-->Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (0.833), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma-->Polygoni Multiflori Radix (1.00), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Alismatis Rhizoma-->Polygoni Multiflori Radix (0.929). The core drugs based on complex networks are Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Crataegi Fructus. The new prescriptions extracted by entropy method are Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Platycladi Semen-Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Poria-Coicis Semen-Pinelliae Rhizoma. This study shows the regularity in the compatibility of compound TCM patents treating dyslipidemia, suggesting that future studies on new traditional Chinese medicines treating dyslipidemia should focus on the following six aspects: (1) Single medicine should be preferred: e. g. Crataegi Fructus; (2) Pair medicines should be preferred: e. g. Crataegi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; (3) Corner drugs should be preferred: e. g. Crataegi Fructus, Cassiae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Radix; (4) The compatibility among drugs shall be given attention, and highly correlated drugs should be preferred: e. g. Prunellae Spica, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix; Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix; (5) Core drugs should be dominant and compatible, e. g. in the digestion catharsis method, the core drugs is Crataegi Fructus and compatible with Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; (6) Application of new prescriptions: Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Platycladi Semen, Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria, Coicis Semen, Pinelliae Rhizoma.
Dyslipidemias ; drug therapy ; Entropy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Patents as Topic

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells and to explore the potential mechanism involved.MethodsHuman gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MGC-803 were treated with EPA at 10,20,40 μg/ml for 24-72 hours.The inhibition of cell proliferation was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay.The apoptosis and the distribution of cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry.Mitochondria membrane potential was determined with a fluorescence probe rhodamine 123.Cellular distribution of cytochrome C was quantitatively detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Caspase-3 activity was measured with spectrofluorometry.ResultsAfter incubation with 10-40 μg/ml EPAfor 24-72 hours,the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells was markedly inhibited in a time-dependent manner.The treatment of 40 g/ml EPA for 72 hours increased the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells in both SGC-7901 and MGC-803 (P=0.006,P=0.009).In SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells incubated with 40 μg/ml EPA for 24 hours,mitochondria membrane potential decreased significantly (P =0.001,P =0.047 ); cytochrome C level significantly declined in mitochondria (P=0.001,P=0.000) but increased in cytosol (P =0.001,P=0.000).In SGC-7901 cells,the apoptotic effector caspase-3 activity increased time-dependently along with incubation with 40 g/ml EPA.ConclusionEPA could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells through inducing cell cycle arrest and activating intrinsic death pathway mediated by mitochondria.

Pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a serious complication of acute pancreatitis (AP), with a mortality reported to be as great as 32.0%. At present, it is considered that patients with proven or suspected infected necrotizing pancreatitis, invasive intervention (i.e. percutaneous catheter drainage, endoscopic transluminal drainage/ necrosectomy, minimally invasive or open necrosectomy) should be delayed where possible until at least 4 weeks after initial presentation to allow the collection to become 'walled-off'. With the development of endoscopic technology, endoscopic transmural (stomach or duodenum) drainage and necrosectomy has been recommended as one of the preferred methods for walled-off necrosis. This article introduces the diagnosis and evaluation of the walled-off necrosis ; the indications, operation procedures, postoperative evaluation and management of postoperative complications of endoscopic transmural drainage and necrosectomy. At last, the research progress of endoscopic drainage and debridement in recent years was introduced.

Objective To investigate the differences in sex hormone levels between hypospadias and circumcision groups.Methods Fifty cases of circumcision and 137 cases of hypospadias the dihydmtestosterone (DHT) value was tested with radioimmunoassay,and testosterone was tested with lightimmunoassay.Results DHT value was (64.51 ±32.10)pg/ml in circumcision group,and (46.72 ±28.94)pg/ml in hypospadias group (P ＜0.05).DHT value in hypospadias type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were (50.20 ±32.90)pg/ml,(46.63 ±25.67)pg/rnl,(51.60 ±32.16)pg/ral,and (39.02 ±26.32)pg/ml,respectively (P =0.29).The differences between circumcision and hypospadias groups were statistically significant (P =0.00).Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in children with hypospadias were significantly lower than those in children in the circumcision group (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (F2),and prolactin (PRL) (P ＞ 0.05).No statistically significant differences were found in FSH among all types of hypospadias (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Inadequate secretion of T or activity insufficiency and functional deficiency of 5 alpha reductase (SRD5A) are likely found in children with hypospadia.Inadequate secretion and low T value might be found in LH-T shaft in children with hypospadia.The normal T value in some children with hypospadia does not show that androgens produced during pregnancy are normal.

Objective To probe into the angiographic signs and the variations of bronchial arteries for pulmonary tuberculosis or bronchiectasis with massive hemoptysis.Methods 25 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 15 patients suffered from bronchiectasis accompanied by massive hemoptysis were undertaken bronchial arterial embolization(BAE).All patients were embolized with gelfoam including 32 with spring coils in addition. Results 63 arteries demonstrated angiographic signs of hemoptysis in 40 patients.The immediate stanching rate was 92.5%(37/40). The bronchopulmonary shunt formation sign shown by angiograph was the major feature of tuberculosis(P=(0.0528)) and the enlarged tortuous arteries in bronchiectasis were more to be demonstrated than in tuberculosis(P

Objective To explore the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) dipeptide supplemented parenteral nutrition (PN) on the short-term outcomes in critically ill adult patients.Methods In this retrospective study,we reviewed the clinical data of critically ill adult patients who were treated by standard PN from January 2006 to December 2011.The length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU-LOS),incidences of infections and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),and mortality were compared between the group of Ala-Gln dipeptide supplemented PN (intervention group) and the group of PN without Ala-Gln dipeptide (control group).Results Finially,617 cases were enrolled in the study,including 312 cases in the control group and 305 cases in the intervention group.The ICU-LOS was significantly shorter in the intervention group than that in the control group [(17.2 ± 6.5) d vs.(16.1 ± 5.3) d,P =0.011).Compared with the control group,the incidences of infection (42.9％ vs.33.1％,P =0.011) and MODS (46.5％ vs.38.0％,P =0.030) and the mortality (34.9％vs.25.9％,P =0.014) in the intervention group patients were significantly lower.Conclusion Ala-Gln dipeptide supplemented PN can improve the short-term outcomes of critically ill adult patients.

Objective To explore the impacts of different nutrition support methods on short-term outcome in critically ill adult patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 1503 critically ill adult patients who needed nutrition support in an mixed intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care university hospital from January 1994 to December 2009. The complication of nutrition support, length of stay (LOS) in ICU, morbidity of infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and mortality among different nutrition support methods were compared. Results The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) scores of the enrolled patients were no less than 3. LOS in early enteral nutrition (EN) patients were significantly shorter than those in not-early EN patients (P ＜ 0. 001) and parenteral nutrition (PN) patients (both P ＜ 0. 001). Infection rate (P ＜ 0. 001),morbidity of MODS (P ＜ 0. 001) and mortality (P ＜ 0. 001) were significantly lower than those in not-early EN and PN patients. LOS of patients receiving PN rich in glutamine (Gln) was significantly shorter than that in conventional formula (P = 0. 0000). Morbidity of infection (P= 0. 0252) and MODS (P = 0. 0030), mortality (P =0. 0305) were significantly lower than that of conventional patients. LOS of patients receiving intensive insulin therapy (IIT) was significantly shorter than that of controlled group (P = 0. 0000). Morbidity of infection (P =0. 0001) and MODS (P = 0. 0237) and mortality (P =0. 0427) were significandy lower than those of controlled group. Conclusions Nutritional risk is prevalent among critically ill adult patients. Early EN, PN of rich in Gln,and receiving IIT can shorten LOS, decrease morbidity of infection and MODS, and improve prognosis among these patients.

To explore the effect of estrogen on pathogenesis of osteoporosis in women with maintenance hemodialysis. One hundred and twenty women aged 18-45 years had been undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for ≥ 3 months were included. Of them ,60 women without osteoporosis served as control group and the other 60 women with osteoporosis as observation group. Serum concentrations of estradiol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium were determined, meanwhile bone mineral density (BMD)was measured by quantitative computed tomography. Serum estradiol levels in the observation group were lower while TNF-α level were higher than those in control group (all P<0. 05). PTH and calcium levels were not significantly different (P= 0.567 and P = 0. 588). In the observation group, linear correlation analysis revealed positive correlation (r = 0. 865 ,P<0. 01)between estradioi and BMD,while multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum estradiol and calcium levels were positively correlated with BMD, and the concentrations of TNF-α and PTH were negatively correlated with BMD (F= 140.32 ,P<0.01). Estradiol levels were found to have greater effect on BMD(t=5. 386, P<0. 01). Lowered serum concentration of estradiol in women with maintenance hemedialysis seems to be a major factor related to osteoporosis,it accelerates the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by modulating TNF-α.

In order to solve the adhesion and the softening problems of traditional Chinese medicine extract during spray drying, a new method of adding dehumidified air into spray drying process was proposed, and the storage stability conditions of extract powder could be predicted. Kouyanqing extract was taken as model drug to investigate on the wet air (RH = 70%) and dry air conditions of spray drying. Under the dry air condition, the influence of the spray drying result with different air compression ratio and the spray-dried powder properties (extract powder recovery rate, adhesion percentage, water content, angle of repose, compression ratio, particle size and distribution) with 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 °C inlet temperature were studied. The hygroscopic investigation and Tg value with different moisture content of ideal powder were determined. The water activity-equilibrium moisture content (aw-EMC) and the equilibrium moisture content-Tg (EMC-Tg) relationships were fitted by GAB equation and Gordon-Taylor model respectively, and the state diagram of kouyanqing powder was obtained to guide the rational storage conditions. The study found that in the condition of dry air, the extract powder water content decreased with the increase of air compression ratio and the spray drying effect with air compression ratio of 100% was the best performance; in the condition of wet air, the extract powder with high water content and low yield, and the value were 4.26% and 16.73 °C, while, in the dry air condition the values were 2.43% and 24.86 °C with the same other instru- ment parameters. From the analysis of kouyanqing powder state diagram, in order to keep the stability, the critical water content of 3.42% and the critical water content of 0.188. As the water decreased Tg value of extract powder is the major problem of causing adhesion and softening during spray drying, it is meaningful to aid dehumidified air during the process.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humidity ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Powders ; Temperature

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Genes, erbB-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology