Statistical analysis according to W.H.O. classification for the patients admitted the Ped. Dept. of Han-Il Hospital was carried out during 4 years from Jan. 1974 to Dec. 1977. The following results were observed. 1. Total No. of patient during 4 years period were 1955, of which 1199 were male(61.33%, 756 were female(38.67%) and male to femal ratio was 1.57:1. 2. There was no significant variation. 3. According to age, preschool aged group as the most frequent group consistin of 488 cases(24.49%), school aged group and adolescent in the order of frequency. 4. On monthly distribution, there was no significant variation 5. Most frequent diseases in pediatric age group were respiratory tract one, 851 cases(39.29%) : infectious and parasitic ones, 553(25.53%) and neonatal disease, 204 cases(9.42%) in the order of frequency. 6. Among respiratory tract disease, pneumonia was the most frequent one, 587 cases(27.10%). 7. Among infectious and parasitic disease group, gastrointestinal infectious one was the most frequent, 224 cases(10.34%) : other viral disease and tuberculosis in the order of frequency. 8. Among neonatal diseases, prematurity was the most frequent one, 82 cases(3.79%).
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Male ; Parasitic Diseases ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Tuberculosis ; Virus Diseases

PURPOSE: Lateral cystourethrography is a radiological method used in the diagnosis and prediction of the degree of stress urinary incontinence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of lateral cystourethrography in women with stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 76 women who underwent both cystourethrography and urodynamic study were included. The proximal urethral support was evaluated by lateral cystourethrography at rest and during voiding, with the images anatomically superimposed to measure the degree of bladder base descent and the posterior urethro-vesical angle (PUV angle). The urethral diameter was measured at 1cm below the bladder neck. Urodynamic assessments, included valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP), maximal urethral closing pressure (MUCP) and functional urethral length, were compared with the parameters of the cystourethrography. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the VLPP and the urethral diameter (p<0.05) only. Other parameters from the two methods showed no significant correlations. When the patients were divided into three subgroups, according to their VLPP (<60, 60-90, >90cmH2O), and into two subgroups, according to their MUCP (< or =25, >25cmH2O), the mean values of bladder base descent and PUV angle among the subgroups showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, the lateral cystourethrography is suggested to not be appropriate for the diagnosis and prediction of stress urinary incontinence.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; Urodynamics* ; Urography

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of gestational age(GA) and disease on thyroid hormone concentration in preterm neonates(preterm), we measured thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) concentrations and analyzed the relation to GA and diseases. Additionally, we calculated the reference ranges of T4 in preterm for future investigation. METHODS: Serum T4 and TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay for 107 preterm who admitted neonatal intensive care unit during 1994. We sampled from preterm on 5th day of life. We analysed the relationship of GA and birth weight with the levels of T4 and TSH, and prospectively compared them with each neonatal disease. RESULTS: Serum T4 concentration correlated positively with GA(r=0.62, P<0.001) and birth weight(r=0.29, P<0.01). After controlling GA, birth weight did not correlate to the levels of T4. But after controlling birth weight, GA had correlation with T4(r=0.58, P<0.001). In preterm less than 32 weeks of GA, there was no difference of T4 level between healthy and the diseased(respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cerebral palsy). Group of bronchopulmonary dysplasia had significant lower level of T4 compared control group(P<0.01). The reference range of T4 in GA 32-36 weeks is 5.56-15.58 microgdL (9.82+/-.40 microgdL). CONCLUSION: GA positively correlated with serum T4 in preterm, but not to TSH. The measurement of TSH level, using in most of the neonatal care unit as neonatal thyroid screening test, in Korea, is not an adequate test to diagnosis hypothyroidism early in preterm. We recommend serial follow up of TSH and T4 in preterm.
Birth Weight* ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Gestational Age* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Parturition* ; Prospective Studies ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reference Values ; Sepsis ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) have different mechanisms of action. We believe that alteration of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may contribute to UUI because the lower urinary tract is regulated through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) allows measurement of autonomic nervous function, therefore we measured and compared HRV parameters in women with urinary incontinence. METHODS: From March 2008 to March 2010, we evaluated all patients who visited 2 university hospitals for treatment of urinary incontinence. Theywere performed 3-day voiding diary, urodynamic study, physical examination and routine laboratory examination. We excluded subjects who had diabetes, cardiovascular problems, or other condition that affect ANS. Patients with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) were also excluded. Finally 47 women with SUI (group 1) and 29 women with UUI (group 2) were enrolled according to their symptoms and voiding diary. We compared their HRV parameters. And excluding 11 patients who had detrusor underactivity, we divided them again into group A, 53 women without detrusor overactivity (DO) and group B, 12 women with DO. We compared HRV parameters between DO and non-DO group. RESULTS: Older women had a higher incidence of UUI and DO. In HRV parameters, only the ratio of low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (3.5+/-3.6 vs. 1.6+/-1.1, P<0.05). Also group A had higher mean LF/HF ratio than group B (4.3+/-3.8 vs. 1.9+/-1.9, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased LF/HF values indicate relative sympathetic hyperactivity over parasympathetic activity. Changes in ANS activity could indicate the presence of UUI and potentially DO.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Incidence ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Physical Examination ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract ; Urodynamics

Most of anti-incontinence surgeries bear the risk of postoperative complication such as voiding dysfunction due to urethral obstruction. Fortunately, Tension Free Vaginal Tape(TVT) procedure has much lower incidence of postoperative urethral obstruction than other surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence. There are many reports about the surgical treatments for short-term urethral obstruction after TVT procedure. However, there are few reports on the effect of surgical releasing of the obstruction lasting for a long period. In our case, the patient had urethral obstruction for 32 months after TVT procedure and she was able to void well after surgical releasing of the tape. We suggest that releasing of the tape will be a treatment of choice for long-term urethral obstruction after TVT procedure.
Humans ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications ; Suburethral Slings* ; Urethral Obstruction* ; Urinary Incontinence

BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary injury by paraquat are caused by multiple mechanisms including direct injury with oxygen free radicals and several mediators released from inflammatory cells. In order to clarify whether vitamin E could reduce tissue damages induced by intraperitoneal administaration of paraquat and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury, vitamin E as a free radical scavenger was administered. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups (group 1: control, group 2 : paraquat treated group, group 3 : paraquat and vitamin E treated group). Animals were sacrificed on day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 8 after the administration of saline, paraquat, or paraquat/vitamin E. RESULTS: Treatment with vitamin E decreased the death rate of rats treated with paraquat. Comparing with control group (1.37 x 106/ml), mean total cell counts recovered from the lavage fluid from animals treated with paraquat (1.65 x 106/ml) were increased(p=0.06). Magnitudes of increament of the total cell counts on the Day 8 in the vitamin E treated group were smaller than those of the animals treated with paraquat alone. The neutrophils began to appear in significant amounts in the lavage fluid on Day 8 after the administration of paraquat(37.0 + 12.7%). A significant decreasing neutrophil concentration at Day 8 was observed in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group(20.6 + 13.4 %). Histologically the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was most prominent in the paraquat treated group while diffuse alveolar damage was continuously observed in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group and extensive interstitial lymphocytic infiltration was seen in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group. The paraquat/vitamin E treated group showed the less histologic changes. CONCLUISON: In this study vitamin E acting as a scavenger of neutrophil-derived free radicals and suppressant of lipid peroxidation, seemed to be the effective antioxidant in the inhibition of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury.
Acute Lung Injury ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Cell Count ; Free Radicals ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lung Injury ; Mortality ; Neutrophils ; Oxygen ; Paraquat* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Rats* ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Vitamin E* ; Vitamins*

A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by excisional biopsy of a left frontal skin lesion. During the first cycle of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), the patient complained of right ocular pain and inflammation. Cytologic examination using aqueous humor revealed atypical lymphocytes, suggesting intraocular ALCL involvement. Acute angle closure developed in the anterior chamber due to rapid progression of ALCL, causing pupillary block. Laser and surgical interventions were attempted but failed to relieve the pupillary block. Finally, radiation therapy resolved the pupillary block to restore the anterior chamber and normalize intraocular pressure. This is the first case in the English literature of ALCL involving the iris to cause acute secondary angle closure.
Adult ; Anterior Eye Segment/*pathology ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/*diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Positron-Emission Tomography

A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by excisional biopsy of a left frontal skin lesion. During the first cycle of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), the patient complained of right ocular pain and inflammation. Cytologic examination using aqueous humor revealed atypical lymphocytes, suggesting intraocular ALCL involvement. Acute angle closure developed in the anterior chamber due to rapid progression of ALCL, causing pupillary block. Laser and surgical interventions were attempted but failed to relieve the pupillary block. Finally, radiation therapy resolved the pupillary block to restore the anterior chamber and normalize intraocular pressure. This is the first case in the English literature of ALCL involving the iris to cause acute secondary angle closure.
Adult ; Anterior Eye Segment/*pathology ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/*diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is an extremely rare disease. Its etiology is unclear, but it is characterized by chronic suppurative granulomatous inflammation. We report on a 53-year-old diabetic man who suffered from left scrotal swelling and pain. Because the condition did not improve with the use of antibiotic therapy, left orchiectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed a xanthogranulomatous epididymitis.
Epididymitis* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orchiectomy ; Pyelonephritis ; Rare Diseases