To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenic test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply station and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l, respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic activity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic activity was decreased after the treatment of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.
Drinking Water* ; Drinking* ; Seoul* ; Water ; Water Supply

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Technicians* ; Humans ; Military Personnel* ; Republic of Korea*

No abstract available.
Angelica*

Holt-Oram Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the association of upper-limb abnormalities and congenital heart disease. A woman with no family history of genetic disease underwent antenatal sonography at 27 weeks' menstrual age to screen for fetal anomalies. Ultrasonography revealed abnormalities in the upper limbs. The limb abnormalities included abscence of bilateral thumbs and radius: the left humus was short. Pregnancy termination was performed. The postnatal chromosomal analysis revealed a normal 46XX karyotype and the autopsy finding confirmed the Holt-Oram syndrome. We report a case of Holt-Oram Syndrome in fetus with unaffected parents with brief of the literatures.
Autopsy ; Extremities ; Female ; Fetus ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Parents* ; Pregnancy ; Radius ; Soil ; Thumb ; Ultrasonography* ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Epidural*

PURPOSE: To investigate the natural course of iatrogenic Horner's syndrome induced by procedures in the neck and upper thoracic areas. METHODS: Four patients who developed ptosis after undergoing procedures near the neck and upper thoracic areas were diagnosed with iatrogenic Horner's syndrome. We evaluated the clinical courses of the patients retrospectively. We also performed a systematic Medline search through Pubmed to find patients with iatrogenic Horner's syndrome. We summarized onset times and natural courses of reported cases. RESULTS: In two cases, ptosis improved completely within 2 and 4 months. In the other two cases, ptosis persisted through the last follow-up. As a result of our Medline search, we identified 51 cases in 47 journals. In 31 patients (62%), symptoms improved from 17 minutes to 3 months after surgery. However, in 20 patients (38%), symptoms persisted for up to 20 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism underlying iatrogenic Horner's syndrome induced by procedures in the neck and upper thoracic area is not clearly understood, the syndrome may occur when the sympathetic nerve pathway is damaged directly or indirectly. Surgical correction should be postponed because this rare complication may resolve spontaneously within 4 months. The surgeon should explain the possibility of Horner's syndrome to patients after neck and upper thoracic surgery.
Catheterization ; Follow-Up Studies ; Horner Syndrome ; Humans ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; Stellate Ganglion ; Thoracic Surgery

BACKGROUND: Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is decreased during pregnancy, but there are no data regarding the requirements for intravenous agents. Recently only one study showed that the requirement for thiopental in pregnant women of 7-13 weeks' gestation was less than the requirement obtained in nonpregnant women. Thus we wanted to determine whether pregnant patients needed less propofol for hypnosis and anesthesia than nonpregnant patients. METHODS: One hundred nonpregnant women having gynecologic surgery and 100 pregnant women of 5-13 weeks' gestation undergoing elective abortions were recruited. They were randomly allocated 10 groups according to the doses of propofol and each group had 10 patients. During a period of 30 seconds, one of the doses of propofol 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0 or 3.25 mg/kg was administered. Two minutes later, patients were asked to open their eyes as a test for hypnosis. Patients who did not open their eyes were given a 10 seconds, 50-Hz, 80-mA transcutaneous tetanic electrical stimulus to the ulnar nerve as a test for anesthesia. Estimates of ED50 and ED95 for hypnosis and anesthesia were obtained by logistic regression. RESULTS: In the pregnant women, the median effective doses (ED50) (95% confidence interval) for hypnosis and anesthesia were 1.25 (1.13-1.35) mg/kg and 2.71 (2.49-3.04) mg/kg, the ED95 (95% CI) were 1.51 (1.16-1.87) mg/kg and 3.04 (2.80-3.58) mg/kg respectively. Whereas in the nonpregnant women, the ED50 for hypnosis and anesthesia were 1.27 (1.39-1.90) mg/kg and 4.12 (3.50-6.01) mg/kg, the ED95 were 1.53 (1.41-1.93) mg/kg and 4.35 (3.66-7.26) mg/kg respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In early pregnant women, the doses of propofol for hypnosis and anesthesia were 1.6% and 34.2% less compared with those in nonpregnant women.
Anesthesia ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Logistic Models ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Propofol* ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve

A hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare primary malignant neoplasm, which accounts for only 2% of all primary hepatic tumors. The prognosis of a hepatic angiosarcoma is very poor, and most patients die within a year of the initial diagnosis. We report a case of a hepatic angiosarcoma in a 57-year-old man. Although a dynamic CT had suggested a carvenous hemangioma 12 months earlier, the tumor size increased and spontaneously ruptured, so surgical resection was mandatory. A pathological examination, including immunohistochemical studies, showed positive staining for CD34 and Factor VIII, which confirmed the diagnosis of an angiosarcoma. Although dynamic CT is an excellent modality for the diagnosis of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, hepatic angiosarcomas should be ruled out in selected cases, because they may present with very similar CT findings to benign hemangioma.
Diagnosis ; Factor VIII ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hemangiosarcoma* ; Humans ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Rupture, Spontaneous

The idiopathic long-QT syndrome is an infrequent inherited disorder, characterized by prolonged QT interval and by the occurrence of life-threatening tachyarrhythmia, particularly in association with emotional or physical stree. In its characteristic presentation, with obvious QT prolongation and stree induced syncope with torsades de points, the diagnosis is straightforward for physicians aware of the disease. But sometimes in cases of borderline QT prolongation and vague symptom, a correct diagnosis is delayed and frequently misdiagnosed as a seizure disorder. The mortality of untreated symptomatic patients with LQTS exceeds 20% in the year after their first syncopal episode and aapproaches 50% within 10 years. But this high mortality rate has been significantly reduced by the use of pharmacological or surgical antiadrenergic therapy or both. So early detection of the disease and antiadrenergic treatment sympathetic innervation to the heart. Second, there was intrinsic gene abnormality in the mechanisms responsible for cardiac repolarization. We report one case of LQTS in a 24 years old female patient who had been suffering from stree related syncope. Her initial EKG had prologed QT interval(588msec) and increased QT intrval dispersion(200msec). In the Holter monitor, long and short cycle sequence induced (pause-dependent) torsades de pointes was detected. She has been treated by beta-blocker and has maintained her condition without recurrence of the symptoms.
Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; Mortality ; Recurrence ; Syncope ; Tachycardia ; Torsades de Pointes ; Young Adult