No abstract available.
Animals ; Binding Sites* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats* ; Serotonin*

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among inpatients with schizophrenia, and to compare with general population. METHODS: Nine hundreds seventy inpatients were included to assess the prevalence of MS from two mental hospitals in Yong-in city. Assessment of MS was performed based on modified American Heart Association criteria with abdominal obesity threshold of 90cm for men, 85cm for women. Comparative analysis was performed using age- and gender matched sample from Korea Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III. For evaluating risk factors, analysis included 766 inpatients taking consistent medications at least for 30 days. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS of inpatients with schizophrenia was 26.2%, in females it was 33.2%, compared to 20.2% in males(p < 0.001). Compared to general population, the prevalence of MS was significantly lower in male and higher in female patients. In terms of criteria prevalence, who met abdominal circumference criterion were more prevalent in patient group(p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, female gender and old age remained as risk factors of MS. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MS of inpatients with schizophrenia was 26.2% and significantly low compared to general population. Female gender and old age were risk factors of MS.
American Heart Association ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of polydipsia and water intoxication and to identify risk factors of polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric inpatient. METHODS: 1,108 Psychiatric inpatients at 2 mental hospitals in Yongin city were studied from September, 2008 to January, 2009. We diagnosed'polydipsia' using staff reports(fluid intake>3L/day) or by specific gravity of urine(SPGU<1.008) and diagnosed'at risk for water intoxication' using normalized diurnal weight gain (NDWG>4%). We attempted to identify clinical characteristics of patients by reviewing their medical records. RESULTS: Two hundred forty seven patients(22.3%) were polydipsic. Sixty eight patients(6.1%) were at risk for water intoxication. The factors associated with polydipsia were lithium, smoking, younger age and increased smoking amounts. The factors associated with risk for water intoxication were valproic acid and polydipsia. CONCLUSION: Polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric inpatients are not rare conditions. Therefore, clinicians' attention should be paid to these conditions.
Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Lithium ; Polydipsia ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Specific Gravity ; Valproic Acid ; Water Intoxication ; Weight Gain

The purpose of our study is to evaluate the visual, refractive and IOP results following combined small incision phacoemulsification, foldable lens implantation, and fornix based trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C. Seventy-six eyes of 64 patients with cataract and glaucoma had undergone the combined procedure. Minimal follow-up period was 6 months(mean 12.8+/-4.8 months). All the eyes that were free of preexisting macular disease and endstage glaucomatous optic nerve damage demonstated significant improvement in visual acuity. Postoperative astigmatisn was negligible(-0.41diopters). The average IOP reduction was 7.7mmHg. Functioning filtrating bleb persisted in 76.3% of the eyes. Complications with this method were not significant compared with other studies reporting the combined procedure. The small incison phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin-C technique that we describe appears to be effective in early restoration of visual acuity and reduction of IOP without significant complications.
Blister ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Optic Nerve ; Phacoemulsification* ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Parturition*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

RSK2 is a downstream signaling protein of ERK1 and ERK2 and plays a key role in physiological homeostasis. For this reason, RSK2 is a highly conserved protein among the p90RSK family members. In its location in the signaling pathway, RSK2 is a kinase just upstream of transcription and epigenetic factors, and a few kinases involved in cell cycle regulation and protein synthesis. Moreover, activation of RSK2 by growth factors is directly involved in cell proliferation, anchorage-independent cell transformation and cancer development. Direct evidences regarding the etiological roles of RSK2 in cancer development in humans have been published by our research group illustrating that elevated total- and phospho-RSK2 protein levels mediated by ERK1 and ERK2 are higher in skin cancer tissues compared to normal skin tissues. Notably, it has been shown that RSK2 ectopic expression in JB6 Cl41 cells induces cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell transformation. Importantly, knockdown of RSK2 suppresses Ras-mediated foci formation and anchorage-independent colony growth of cancer cells. Kaempferol is a one of the natural compounds showing selectivity in inhibiting RSK2 activity in epidermal growth factor-induced G1/S cell cycle transition and cell transformation. Thus, ERKs/RSK2 signaling axis is an important target signaling molecule in chemoprevention.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chemoprevention ; Epigenomics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Phosphotransferases ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms

The Page kidney is a recognized cause hypertension. Post-traumatic subcapsular hematoma is the most common clinical counterpart to the Page`s experimental model of parenchymal compression. We herein report a case of the Page kidney resulting from massive bilateral subcapsular hematoma
Hematoma* ; Hypertension* ; Kidney ; Models, Theoretical

The pathologic spectrums of the tennis elbow are varies as lateral epicondylitis, degenerative partial tear of extensor tendon origin, annular ligament lesion, synovial fringe between radio-capitellar joint, bursitis and posterior interosseous nerve pathology. So it is difficult to perform separate treatments for each different pathologic conditions. Conservative treatments for the tennis elbow are consisted of rest, immobilization, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and local injection of the steroid. Usual success rates of the conservative treatment have been reported approximately more than 90%. Several methods of surgical treatm nt of the resistant tennis elbow have been reported. Authors performed surgical treatment for twelve cases of the resistant tennis elbow from Jan. 1989 to Jan. 1994. Authors modified the Nirschl's technique; flap retraction of the extensor carpi radilais brevis (ECRB) and common extensor tendon to expose the radio-capitellar joint and no reattachment of detached tendons to the lateral epicondyle and side-to-side suture with maximal stretching of the ECRB tendon. Identified pathologic conditions were the degenerative partial tear and friable granulation tissues at the ECRB origin, sclerosis of the lateral epicondyle (ten cases), synovial fringe bewteen the radio-capitellar joint (two cases). In one case, authors couldn't find any abnormal pathologic conditions. Microscopic examinations (two cases) showed angioblastic proliferation, fibrosis, degeneration of the collagen fiber. Among these patients, eleven patients were industrial worker (eight painter, two welder and one carpenter). They have something in common with using hammer mainly. The hammering might be a possible cause of the tennis elbow. After the surgery, the functional recoveries were satisfactory. The final results were four excellent (33.3%) and good (66.6%) by Nirsh & ettrone grading system. The time required to return to the original job were varied from one month to eight months (average 4.3 months).
Bursitis ; Collagen ; Elbow ; Fibrosis ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Pathology ; Sclerosis ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Tennis Elbow* ; Tennis*

Purpose: The diagnostic usefulness of fetal echocardiography in congenital heart disease is well known. One of the indications for fetal echocardiography is presence of extracardiac anomalies and such coexistent congenital heart disease may have important implications for obstetric and neonatal management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 496 women with singleton pegnancies with amgenital anomalies that underwent penatal care and follow-up in Severance Hospital for 5 years from 1991 to 1995 were evaluated for the incidence of congenital heart disease. RESULTS: The incidence of congenital heart disease in fetuses with the associated extracardiac anomalies were as follows; central nervous system 6.9%(11/160), gastro-intestinal system 10.7%(8/75), genito-urinary sysem 4.7%(4/85), others 5.6%(4/72). Thirty-one of eighty-ane fetuses with congenital heart disease were found to have the associated extracardidac anomalies and ten of them chenoscenal abnormalities. CONCLUSION: We recommend that fetuses with congenital extracardiac anomalies sbould be checked for the presence of congenital heart disease and chmmosomal abnormalities, if needed.
Central Nervous System ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Incidence