Biotrickling filter often offers a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional air pollutant control technologies,but major problems with clogging of the filters due to a high biomass accumulation will provent it from the industried uses.In this paper,the effect of the high biomass accumulation in an air pollution treatment with a biotrickling filter is discussed.Two parameters with specific surface area with biofilm growth(?_ f ) and the bed porosity with biofilm(?_ f )are used to analyse its principle of accumulation.Finally,some control measures including chemical methods,physical machine-made methods and other control methods are overviewed.

Objective To analyse the relationship between Calpain10 gene UCSNP43 and UCSNP44 poly morphisms and diabetes in familial type 2 diabetes mellitus of Uygur in Xinjiang.Methods Sixty-two Uygur type 2 diabetic families were enrolled.The polymorphisms of Calpain10 gene UCSNP43 and UCSNP44 were measured by SNP-stream of gene chip.Results (1) The heritability of the first degree relative and the second degree relative in Uygur familial type 2 diabetes were 0.578 and 0.032.(2)There was no difference between UCSNP43 and UCSNP44 polymorphisms of the first and second degree relatives in familial type 2 diabetes mellitus.(3)The carriers of USCNP43 AA genotype had higher body mass index and fasting insulin than GG and GA genotypes carriers.Conclu sion With the downgrading of the familial relationship,the heritability of type 2 diabetes mellitus was decreasing. The carriers of UCSNP43 AA genotype might have higher insulin resistance than those with GG and AG genotypes.

Objective To study the relationship between vascular obstruction,inflammation and the pseudolobuli formation in liver tissues with chronic hepatitis B.Methods The liver biopsies from 1256 patients with chronic hepatitis B was observated by HE,histochemical,immunohistochemical and the electricity mirror techniqe.Results (1)The intrahepatic vascular inflammation and obstruction was a histopathological characteristics of liver cirrhosis of chronic hepatitis B;(2)The lesions of vascular inflammation caused the vascular obstruction and induced the proliferations of venous and fiber;(3)The blood vessel of hyperplasia revolved round the liver cell into the irregular cell circular(tiny node).The tiny node settled the composition base in the interest of pseudolobuli formation;(4)The blood vessel of hyperplasia once more inflammation,blocking,fiber deposit constituted the fiber brings,pseudolobuli formation.Conclusion The vascular obstruction,inflammation has a closely relationship with the pseudolobuli formation in liver tissues with chronic hepatitis.

Objective To study the expression of monocyte chemotactic factor -1(MCP-1) and fibronectin (FN ) in secondary acquired middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium ,and to investigate the ability of cholesteatoma of e-rosion .Methods MaxVisionTM immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MCP -1 and FN in the secondary acquired middle ear cholesteatoma tissues from 30 patients ,in the retroauricular skin from 20 pa-tients and in the retroauricular skin from 16 normal subjects .Then we scanned it into a computer by an image scan-ner and quantified the gray value of them using commercial software .Results MCP-1 appeared to be localized in all epithelial layers of middle ear cholesteatoma ,particularly in the spinous layers .The positive expression rates of MCP-1 was 70% ,the gray value was 147 .2 ± 20 .1 ,which were siginificantly higher than those of in the retroau-ricular skin from patients(35% ,200 .8 ± 18 .4)and from normal subjects(37 .5% ,193 .3 ± 15 .5)(P<0 .05) .The ex-pression of FN in all epithelial layers of middle ear cholesteatoma were abundantly stained ,especially in the basal and spinous layers and the matrix of cholesteatoma .The positive expression rates of FN was 76 .7% ,the gray value was 147 .2 20 .1 ,which were siginificantly higher than those of in the retroauricular skin from patients (30% ,195 .0 ± 12 .9)and from normal subjects(31 .3% ,191 .6 ± 13 .5)(P<0 .05) .It showed statistically significant correlation between the expression of MCP -1 and FN and the erosion ability of middle ear cholesteatoma (rmcp-1 = -0 .682 , rfn = -0 .531 ,P<0 .01) .There was not linear correlation between the expression of MCP -1 and FN .Conclusion MCP-1 and FN are overexpressed in middle ear cholesteatoma .There was correlation between the expression of MCP-1 or FN and the erosion ability of middle ear cholesteatoma ,indicating that MCP -1 and FN may play an im-portant roles in invasive behavior of cholesteatoma .

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of total laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (TLPD) and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD).Methods From August 2013 to December 2014,137 pancreaticoduodenectomies (PDs) were performed at the Department of General Surgery of our hospital,of which 19 TLPDs were performed at the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery (the Experimental group).At the same time,another cohort of 19 OPDs were matched for age,gender,body mass index (BMI),ASA score and tumor site and they formed the control group.The clinical data in the perioperative period were evaluated,and the short-term clinical outcomes were compared.Results Operation time in the experimental group was significantly longer than the control group [(407.8 ± 146.5)min vs (263.3 ± 65.3) rmin,P ＜ 0.05].The mean intraoperative blood loss [(309.7 ± 151.2)ml vs (509.4 ± 309.9)ml],mean intensive care time after surgery [(47.5 ±16.8)h vs (68.1 ± 19.1)h],mean postoperative time to pass flatus [(3.5 ± 1.1) d vs (4.3 ± 1.1) d],mean postoperative hospitalization stay [(8.8 ± 2.1) d vs (10.8 ± 2.3)d] and mean incision length [(5.1 ± 0.9)cm vs (14.4 ± 1.3)cm] in the experimental group were significantly different from the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences on the intraoperative R0 resection rates,intraoperative pathology,tumor size [(20.6 ± 9.6) mm vs (25.9 ± 10.2)mm],number of lymph node dissected [(17.7 ± 6.5) vs (19.4 ± 5.6)],complication rates,recurrence rates and mortality between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions TLPD had comparable safety and therapeutic outcome when compared with OPD.Moreover,TLPD has the advantages of less bleeding,smaller wounds and faster postoperative recovery.TLPD requires specialized appliances and equipments,better surgeon experience and patient selection to achieve a high success rate.

The study aims to investigate the embryo-fetus development toxicity of the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 on SD rats. The pregnant rats that were randomly divided into the solvent control group (1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose water solution) and HS060098 suspension groups (10, 30 and 100 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1)) were orally administered with HS060098 suspension or vehicle during the gestation of 6 -15 days (GD6-15). At termination (GD20), female rats were sacrificed. The pregnant females were evaluated by corpora lutea count, implantation sites, existence and death of embryos. Fetal sex, weight, externals, variations and malformations of viscus and skeleton were observed. The results show that there were no significant abnormality in maternal general conditions and fetal appearance as well as viscera, but in the 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) group, the maternal weight gain decreased greatly (P < 0.01) and the skeletal ossification delayed remarkably (P < 0.01); in the 30 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1) group, the fatal and litter number of incompletely ossified sternebrae II was higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the skeletal malformations occurred in all dose groups, which indicate that the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 had maternal toxicity and adversely effected fetal skeletal development under the experimental conditions.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Embryonic Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; PPAR delta ; agonists ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests

Objective : To understand the relationship between sleep duration and low vision among primary and middle school students, so as to provide the reference for promoting eye health of primary and middle school students. Methods : Using stratified cluster sampling method, the students were selected from four primary schools, four junior high schools and three senior high schools in Dinghai, Putuo, Daishan and Shengsi of Zhoushan. The questionnaire for the influencing factors of myopia in the national monitoring and intervention project of common diseases and influencing factors among students in 2019 was used to collect their demography, video display terminal use, outdoor activity, parents'myopia and sleep duration. The multivariate logistic regression model was established to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and low vision among the students. Results : A total of 3 016 questionnaires were sent out, and 2 932 valid ones were returned. The effective rate was 97.21%. There were 1 537 ( 52.42% ) males and 1 395 females ( 47.58% ); 947 ( 32.30% ) primary school students and 1 985 ( 67.70% ) middle school students; 2 328 ( 79.40% ) students with low vision. There were 1 022 ( 34.85% ), 903 (30.80%), 697 ( 23.77% ) and 310 ( 10.57% ) students with the daily sleep duration of <8 hours, 8-<9 hours, 9-<10 hours and ≥10 hours, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of low vision was lower when the daily sleep duration of students was 8-<9 hours ( OR=0.735, 95%CI: 0.561-0.963 ) and 9-<10 hours ( OR=0.605, 95%CI: 0.446-0.825 ). Conclusion Adequate sleep duration is conducive to reduce the risk of low vision among primary and middle school students.

Objective To quantify the amplitudes of lung tumor motion during free-breathing using four dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), and seek the characteristics of tumors with large motion. Methods Respiratory-induced tumor motion was analyzed for 44 tumors from 43 patients. All patients un-derwent 4DCT during free-breathing before treatment. Gross tumor volumes (GTV) on ten respiratory phases were contoured by the same doctor. The eentroids of GTVs were autoplaeed with treatment software (ADAC Pinnacle 7.4f), then the amplitudes of tumor motion were assessed. The various clinical and anatomic fac-tors associated with GTV motion were analyzed. The characteristics of tumors with motion greater than 5 mm in any direction were explored. Results The tumor motion was found to be associated with T stage, GTV size, the superior-inferior (SI) tumor location in the lung, and the attachment to rigid structures such as the chest wall, vertebrae or mediastinum. The motion over 5 mm was observed in ten tumors, which were all lo-cated in the lower or posterior half of the lung, with the greatest motion of 14.4 mm. For 95% of the tumors, the magnitude of motion was less than I 1.8 mm, 4.6 mm and 2.7 mm along the SI, anterior-poste-rior (AP) and lateral directions, respectively. Conclusions Tumor motion due to breathing is associated with tumor location, volume, and T stage. The greatest motion was in the SI direction for unfixed tumor in lower-lobe, followed by tumor in upper-lobe posterior-segment.

Objective To evaluate the role of renal cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by sepsis in mice. Methods Forty-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 15 each):sham operation group (group S), cecum ligation and puncture group (group CLP) and CLP + caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO group (group CI). Intra-abdominal infection was induced by CLP. Ac-DEVD-CHO 4 μg/g was infused subcutaneously 30 min before CLP in group CI. Five mice in each group were sacrificed after collection of blood samples at 6, 12 and 24 h after CLP. The levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr)were detected. The apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 protein and caspase-3 mRNA were determined.Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed with light microscope. Results The serum BUN and Cr concentratiors, apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 mRNA and caspase-3 protein were significantly higher in group CLP than in group S, but lower in group CI than in group CLP ( P ＜ 0.05). Light microscopic examination showed that the pathologic changes induced by Ac-DEVD-CHO were less severe in group CI than in group CLP.Conclusion The renal cell apoptosis is one of the mechanism of AKI induced by sepsis.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistant and transmission mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant K.pneumonia (CR-KP) infection of newborns.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on totally 37 non-repetitive CR-KP which were isolated from patients hospitalized between April 2011 and October 2013.Resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing.Plasmid was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of beta-lactamase.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genotypes and homology of these isolates.Out-membrane proteins were examined by PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Results Thirty-seven CR-KP isolates were tested.The resistant rates of imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem were 89.2％ (33/37), 83.8％ (31/37) ,97.3％ (36/ 37), respectively.All the 37 CR-KP exhibited 100％ (37/37) sensitivity to tigecycline, colistin, levofloxacin and amikacin, while resistance to most of the other antibiotics.By PCR, 67.6％ (25/37) isolates were blaNDM-1 positive, 35.1％ (13/37) isolates were blaIMP-4 positive and 2.7％ (1/37) isolate were blaIMP-8 positive, including two isolates carrying both blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4.PFGE results showed that the isolates carried 2-4 plasmids and both blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4 were transferable by plasmids.MLST assigned them to sequence type (ST) 20, ST17, ST54, ST705, ST290,which showed that there were infectious outbreaks caused by NDM-1-producing and IMP-4-producing respectively among newborns.SDS-PAGE result indicated that there was no absence of outer membrane proteins OmpK35 and OmpK36.Conclusions The main resistant mechanisms of CR-KP causing infection in newborns were those the isolates carried carbapenemase of blaNDM-1 or blaIMP-4 and the K.pneumonia with two kinds of carbapemenase were detected.