Objective:To design and prepare repaglinide and metformin hydrochloride tablets for pilot scale test and industrial pro-duction. Methods:Dissolution was applied to optimize the formula and preparation process. Results: The tablets were prepared ac-cording to the determined formula and process with poloxamer 188, meglumine, PVP K30, croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose PH101, sorbitol, magnesium stearate and coating powder as the adjuvants. The dissolution behavior of the tablets in four media was similar to that of the reference. Conclusion:The preparation process of repaglinide and metformin hydrochloride tablets is simple and feasible, and the quality is controllable and stable.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; therapy ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; RNA, Long Noncoding

Objective To investigate the short and long term therapeutic effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGEl) on diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Patients with DN in stage Ⅲ to Ⅴ according to Mogensen criteria were randomly assigned to four groups of PGE1, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), PGE1 + ACEI and control drug. The levels of proteinuria and albuminuria were measured before and 15 days, 6 months and 18 months after treatment. Patients with DN in stage Ⅳ were subdivided into three groups according to proteinuria: early stage IV (protienuria was less than 1.5 g/d), middle stage Ⅳ (protienuria was between 1.5 g/d and 2.5 g/d) and late stage Ⅳ (protienuria was larger than 2.5 g/d). Results Fifteen days after treatment, the levels of proteinuria and albuminuria were significantly decreased compared with pre-treatment in PGE1 and PGE1 + ACEI groups (P<0. 01), and the therapeutic effect was better in PGE1 + ACE1 group than in ACEI group (P<0. 01). Six months after treatment, there were still significant differences in above parameters in patients with DN in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ between PGE1 + ACEI and PGE1 groups. And for the patients in stage Ⅴ, statistic significance between pre-and post-treatment existed only in PGE1 + ACEI group (P<0. 05). but not in PGE1 and ACEI groups (both P>0. 05). Eighteen months atter treatment, the levels of proteinuria and albuminuria were significantly decreased in patients in stage HI and early stage IV in all treatment groups (P<0. 01). For patients in middle stage IV and late stage Ⅳ , the significant differences still occurred between pre-and post-treatment in PGE1 + ACEI group (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), and were significantly better than in ACEI group (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). However, the proteinuria of patients in late stage IV elevated in PGE1 group in post-treatment versus pre-treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusions The short term therapeutic effect of PGE1 is quick and good in patients with DN. The therapeutic effect is much better in patients in stage Ⅲ compared with stage Ⅴ. The combination of PGE1 and ACEI will get better best therapeutic effect than PGE1 or ACEI alone in long term.

Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1(PGEl)in improving proteinuria and albuminuria in the elderly people with diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods Patients including stage Ⅲ,stage Ⅳ and stage Ⅴ were divided into four groups:conventional therapy group,PGE1 group,PGE1+ACEI group and ACEI group.Proteinuria and albuminuria were measured before and after treatment for 15 days,3 months,6 months. Results (1)In the DN patients in stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ (proteinuria＜2.5 g/d),the proteinuria and albuminuria descended markedly in PGE1+ACEI and PGEl group(P＜0.01).It was better than that in eonventionaI therapy and ACEI group.(2)In the DN patients in stage Ⅳ(proteinuria＞2.5 g/d),proteinuria and albuminuria were not changed significantly after 3 months and 6 months in PGE1+ACEI and PGE1 group,but they were increased in conventional group(P＜0.05).(3)In the DN patients in stage Ⅴ,the proteinuria and albuminuria were not changed much after 1 5 days,3 months and 6 months(P＜0.05).The proteinuria and albuminuria were increased by more than 10 percent(P＜0.01)in the conventional group after 3 and 6 months. Conclusions The therapeutic effects of PGE1 are obvious.Early treatment of nephropathy will get a better improvement in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

To increase the biotransfomation efficiency from the orotic acid to the uridine 5'-monophosphate(UMP),URA5 gene encoding orotate phosphoribosytransferase was amplified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 by PCR,then it was inserted into the expression vector pYX212(contained orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase gene URA3)and the pYX212-URA5 was transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJX12 by electroporation.The recombinant strain was elementarily used to convert orotic acid to UMP.The results showed that pYX212-URA5/BJX12 could accumulate 7mmol/L UMP from 32mmol/L orotic acid in 26h,significantly higher than both control groups pYX212/BJX12(2.7mmol/L) and BJX12(2.4 mmol/L).

Magnetotactic bacteria can orient and migrate along ambient geomagnetic field lines because of their intracellular magnetic particles ( referred as magnetosomes) , which comprise nanometer-sized, membrane-bound crystals of the magnetic iron minerals. Magnetosome formation is a mineralization process with very strict biological controls over the accumulation, transportation and nucleation in the cell. This paper describes the current progresses of magnetosome formation and the function of proteins involved in this biomineralization process.

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis and Cortex Phellodendri,which has a long medical history in China.Recent studies have indicated that berberine has multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory,anti-microorganisms,anti-cancer,cardiac protection,glucose lowering,regulating lipid metabolism and immune suppression.Berberine has been used for the treatment of intestinal infectious diseases for many years.With the continuous progress of the research,it is reported that berberine has many new clinical applications,including treatment of the cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome and its complications,cancers,abdominal adhesions and chlamydia trachomatis infection.This review is intended to introduce the role of berberine in various aspects of pharmacological effects,molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.

Background:Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in early stage with early intervention may stabilize disease progression, avoiding or delaying the occurrence of decompensation. Seeking non-invasive serum biomarkers is becoming an important topic in the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis. Aims:To study the value of serum miR-192 and miR-29a as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Methods:Differentially expressed serum miRNAs between patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls were screened through online literature retrieval and then confirmed by real-time PCR. Serum levels of two confirmed miRNAs,miR-192 and miR-29a were analyzed in 120 patients with liver cirrhosis and 76 healthy volunteers by real-time PCR. A mathematical model of combined detection of miR-192 and miR-29a for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was established by binary logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of various non-invasive serum indicators was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Results:Compared with healthy controls,expression level of serum miR-192 in cirrhotic patients was significantly increased and that of serum miR-29a was significantly reduced(P ﹤ 0. 001). The diagnostic performance of risk score obtained from mathematical model of combined detection of serum miR-192 and miR-29a was superior to that of single miRNA detection or other non-invasive serum indicators,such as APRI,FIB-4 and ARR,the areas under ROC curve of the above mentioned indicators were 0. 968,0. 887,0. 933,0. 796,0. 793,and 0. 571,respectively. Serum levels of miR-192,miR-29a and the risk score of their combined detection were significantly correlated with the stage of liver cirrhosis according to the Child-Pugh classification( P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions:Serum miR-192,miR-29a and the risk score of their combined detection might be novel non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis.

Objective To study the effect of exogenous non secreted human urokinase type plasminogen activator(uPA) gene on the production of collagen in activated hepatic stellate cells(HSC) after delivery by replication deficient recombinant adenovirus vector. Methods Non secreted human uPA was inserted into the replication deficient recombinant adenoviruses AduPA in bacteria. After infected by AduPA, the expression of uPA in HSC cell line HSC T6 was detected by Northern blot and immunocytochemical staining, and the level of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) in the supernatant of cultured HSC T6 cells was measured by ELISA. In addition, immunocytofluorescent staining was carried out to evaluate the effect of AduPA on the production of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in HSC after exogenous uPA gene delivery. Results 5?10 11 efu/ml titer of AduPA was obtained in the HSC infected with the recombinated virus. Northern blot and immunocytochemical staining showed that the expression of uPA in HSC increased significantly on the third day after infection with the AduPA. The level of MMP 2 in the supernatant of the cultured HSC was (274.45?7.63) pg/ml, which was higher than that in the control [(145.85?6.58) pg/ml, P

Objective To investigate the significances of karyotyping analysis on umbilical cord vein blood lymphocytes in the diagnosis of abnormal karyotypes in middle to late period of pregnant fetus.Methods A volume (0.5 ～ 1 ml) of umbilical cord vein blood was extracted from pregnant women in third trimester pregnancy with prenatal detection indications,and collected in sterilized anticoagulant tube.Lymphocytes were cultured and collected for karyotyping analysis after fixed and dropped on slides.Data were analyzed statistically.Results Lymphocytes were cultured successfully in 1 211 cases out of total 1 213 cases collected.Totally 142 abnormal karyotypes were found,which includes 81 cases (detection rate 6.68 ％) of non-heteromorphic abnormal chromosomes and 61 cases (detection rate 5.03％) of heteromorphic chromosomes.Among these abnormal karyotypes,50 cases (accounting for 35.21％ in total abnormal cases) of aneuploidy include 4 cases of chimerical karyotype.Structural abnormalities were found in 31 cases (accounting for 21.83％ in total abnormal cases) samples including 11 cases of translocations,17 cases of inversion and 3 cases of deletion.Conclusions Based on our findings,karyotyping analysis on umbilical cord vein blood lymphocytes could be an effective method for detect abnormal karyotypes in middle to late period of pregnant fetus and played an important role in prenatal diagnosis.