The biomarkers currently known for the early diagnosis of liver diseases often have poor sensitivities and specificities,and thus it is very important to find new biomarkers with high sensitivities and specificities for the early diagnosis of liver diseases.The emerging metabolomics technology has been widely used and may help to achieve this goal.This article reviewsthe research advances in the role of metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the identification of biomarkers for liver diseases and emphasizes its significance in the early diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of liver diseases.

Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Objective To study the preventive effect of recombinant streptokinase (r-SK) on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods Rabbit models of SAH were made by double blood injection into cisterna magna. A tube was inserted into lateral ventricle after 24 h. In group treating one, 1.25 mg r-SK were injected into lateral ventricle, and the tube was opened for drainage after closed 6 h, and then 6 h later, injection, closed pipe and drainage were recycled for another 2 times. In the group SAH , 1 ml normal saline (NS) was injected into lateral ventricle, and then the way was the same as group treating one. In group treating two, 3.75 mg r-SK were injected for once. 6 h, 12 h ,1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d later, 1 ml CSF was drained from the lateral ventricle in groups SAH , treating one and treating two ,respectively. The level of OxyHb in CSF was detected, angiograms of basilar artery(BA) were performed before and after 7 d of SAH,calculation the rate of calibre and histological examinations were also performed. Results (1)The level of OxyHb in CSF of group SAH was increased gradually while decreased in groups treating one and treating two. Compared with group SAH, the levels of OxyHb were significant lower in groups treating one and treating two at 1～7 d after administration(P

Objective To study the effects of treating intracranial hypertension(ICP) with different dosage Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide.Methods 60 patients with high ICP after all kinds of operations on cranium and brain were divided into 4 groups according to the dosage of Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide: 0.5 g/kg Mannitol(group A),1.0 g/kg Mannitol(group B),0.5 g/kg Mannitol and 20 mg Furosemide(group C),1.0 g/kg Mannitol and 20 mg Furosemide(group D).The effective power,rebound ratio,average effective time,average amplitude of decreasing ICP,plasma osmolarity and renal function were evaluated by monitoring intracranial pressure.Results In response of the effective power,rebound ratio of ICP and average effective time,groups C and D were more noticeable than groups A and B(all(P

Objective To study application effectiveness of different concentrations of chlorhexidine oral care solu-tion in patients with orotracheal intubation.Methods A total of 120 patients who were admitted to the general in-tensive care unit (ICU)of a hospital and undergoing mechanical ventilation via orotracheal intubation for >48 hours between January 2012 and December 2013 were included in the study,they were divided randomly into three groups,40 in each group.Trial group,control group I,and control group II were provided with 2%,0.2%,and 0.12% chlorhexidine oral care solution,respectively.Differences in halitosis,oral mucosal infection,onset time and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP ) among three groups were observed and compared. Results There were significant difference in incidence of VAP and early-onset VAP between trial group and control group I,trial group and control group II,respectively(both P <0.05 );incidence of VAP in control group II was higher than trial group(47.50% vs 20.00%,P =0.009).Conclusion 2% chlorhexidine oral rinsing and swabbing can effectively reduce incidence of VAP in patients with orotracheal intubation.

To explore the effect of quercetin on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells, HeLa cells were incubated with quercetin at different concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V/PI double labeled cytometry and DNA ladder assay. Cell cycle was flow cytometrically determined and the morphological changes of the cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope after Hoechst 33258 staining and the apoptosis-related proteins in the HeLa cells were assessed by Western blotting. The results showed that quercetin significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells and induced obvious apoptosis in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, quercetin induced apoptosis of HeLa cells in cell cycle-dependent manner because quercetin could induce arrest of HeLa cells at G0/G1 phase. Quercetin treatment down-regulated the expression of the PI3K and p-Akt. In addition, quercetin could down-regulate expression of bcl-2, up-regulate Bax, but exerted no effect on the overall expression of Akt. We are led to conclude that quercetin induces apoptosis via PI3k/Akt pathways, and quercetin has potential to be used as an anti-tumor agent against human cervix cancer.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Chromosome Deletion ; Drug Delivery Systems ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objectives To investigate medical students' satisfaction degree clinical practice,to find out the shortages of the clinical practice teaching,and to further put forward the measures of clinical practice.Methods By using a selfdesigned questionnaire,115 student interns were surveyed with anonymous questions,to collect data about the satisfaction degree of the hospital teaching conditions,conditions of teachers,practice quality of clinical departments,management department intern management work,the practical effect and views of clinical practice and other information.99 effective copies were retrieved using Excel analyze data.Results Interns' overall satisfaction with clinical practice is not high,and the satisfaction degree to the management department' work is the lowest,the satisfaction degree to the conditions of teachers of hospital is the highest.Conclusion Medical students'clin-ical practice satisfaction needs improving.To this end,we should improve the system and teaching conditions and strengthen management to meet the needs of students and improve their practice quality.

BACKGROUND:Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) can stimulate the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into cellcycle, and cause their immune activation, which is a common immune proliferation model. However, the role of non-PBMC ingredient of peripheral blood is unclear, as wel as the expression of endothelial cells related cytokines. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of whole blood culture and PBMCs alone culture with PHA on the PBMC proliferation and apoptosis, expression of inflammatory cytokine and endothelial cellsecreted cytokine markers. METHODS:Morphological changes of PBMCs separated from normal karyotype human peripheral blood individual y cultured with or without PHA were observed. The PBMCs were col ected by whole blood culture or PBMC separated culture. mRNA was extracted for the fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, which was applied to detect the cellproliferation, apoptosis, and expression of inflammatory cytokine and endothelial cellsecreted cytokines. The statistic analysis was used for the significance explication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:PBMCs alone cultured ere different from those undergoing whole blood culture. The PHA could up-regulate the gene expression of Ki67, proliferating cellnuclear antigen, Caspase 3, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-βand interleukin-6, but down-regulate Protein C. This indicted that PHA could promote the proliferation and apoptosis of PBMCs and up-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but down-regulate the expression of endothelial cells secreted coagulation cytokines.

Objective To investigate the effects ofdocosahexenoic acid (DHA) on large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in normal retinal artery smooth muscle cells (RASMCs).Methods Cultured human RASMCs (6 th-8 th generations) were used to patch clamp experiment.The open probabihties (NP0) in BK channels with different concentrations (0.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.5,10.0 μmol/L) of DHA were recorded by patch clamp technique in single channel configuration.RASMCs were intervened by different concentrations (0.0,1.0,5.0 μmol/L) of DHA as control group,low and high doses of DHA groups,respectively.The protein expressions of β subunit of BK channels in RASMCs from three groups were measured by Western blot.Results The NP0 of BK channels were 0.044 4±0.001 2,0.081 2±0.004 2,0.209 0±0.006 1,0.310 5±0.005 3,0.465 0±0.007 8 and 0.497 7±0.014 5 with perfusate of 0.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.5,10.0 μtmol/L DHA.DHA activated BK channels in a dose-dependent manner (F=2.621,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the protein expression of control group,low and high doses of DHA groups (F=1 1.657,P＞0.05).Conclusion DHA can directly activate BK channels,no increasing in subunit expression of BK channels.