No abstract available.
Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Doxorubicin

PURPOSE: Recently, there has been increasing number of trampoline injuries at our pediatric orthopedic clinic and emergency room. Therefore, this study is to analyze the prevalence of the trampoline injuries with emergency room surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2015 and February 2017, all patients under the age of 15 years, who visited emergency room of a teaching hospital with trauma and referred to the department of orthopedic surgery, was included; the cause of trauma was analyzed. The severity of injury was also evaluated and compared according to the cause of injury. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,807 patients under the age of 15 years who visited our emergency room during the study period. There were a total of 71 trampoline injuries (3.9%). There were 28 patients below the age of 5 years, and among them, 14 minor injury were recorded; 43 patients were over the age of 5 years and with 4 minor, 20 moderate, and 19 severe injuries. In the age between 5 and 15 years, the prevalence of mild injury was lower in trampoline injury compared with those of other sports injuries (9.3% vs. 34.0%) and the prevalence of severe injury was higher in trampoline injury (44.2% vs. 26.3%) (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the incidence of trampoline injury was lower than other country, but it was more severe than injuries from other sports. With increasing incidence of trampoline injuries, parents should be more mindful that trampolines are not safe and stricter supervision may be necessary.
Athletic Injuries ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Organization and Administration ; Orthopedics ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Sports

The elbow and shoulder in young baseball players are prone to injuries. The internal factors of sports injuries are the fragility of the bones and joints of growing children and adolescents. The main external factors of injuries are the competition and eagerness of adolescent players and the motivation of hard-work. Baseball injuries have many causes, including fast rotation and movement of a load from the trunk to arm, repetitive incorrect placement of the arm in the throwing position, too-many throwing practices, etc. Orthopedic surgeons have generally focused on surgical procedure to cure, but it is time to consider and share the methods of injury prevention.
Adolescent* ; Arm ; Athletic Injuries ; Baseball* ; Child ; Elbow ; Humans ; Joints ; Motivation ; Orthopedics ; Shoulder ; Surgeons ; Upper Extremity*

PURPOSE: We wanted to analyze the influences of risk factors on avascular necrosis and nonunion after multiple pinning for a femoral neck fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the cases of multiple pinning for a femoral neck fracture that were seen at our department from June 1995 to May 2006, we analyze 102 cases that had more than 2 years of follow-up. We evaluated the influence of such factors as the age, gender, injury on the right- or left-side, the degree of displacement, the time to operation, the angle of fracture, the accuracy of reduction and posterior cortex comminution on avascular necrosis and nonunion after multiple pinning for a femoral neck fracture. RESULTS: The incidences of AVN and nonunion were 13.7% (14/102) and 10.7% (11/102), respectively. The degree of displacement was a significant factor that influenced the development of nonunion (p<0.05). The time to operation and the angle of fracture were significant factors that influenced nonunion (p<0.05 & p<0.05) and avascular necrosis (p<0.05 & p<0.05). The posterior cortex comminution was a significant factor that influenced nonunion (p<0.05) and avascular necrosis (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The important risk factor for avascular necrosis was the angle of fracture over 60 degrees. The important risk factors for nonunion were the time to operation (over 24 hours), posterior cortex comminution and an angle of fracture over 60 degrees.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Risk Factors

Purpose: This study analyzed the results of limb salvage surgery of classical internal bone transport using an Ilizarov apparatus for cases of infected nonunion of the lower extremity long bones, including the complications. Materials and Methods: The data of the patients with infected nonunion of the femur or tibia treated with bone internal transport method using Ilizarov apparatus from December 2006 to December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of the thirteen cases, eleven patients had a lesion of the tibia, one on the knee joint, and the last on the femur shaft. The average length of internal transport was 89.5 (42–191) mm with the external fixation period of 362.8 (175–601) days, resulting in the external fixator index of 1.43 (0.91–2.08) month/cm. The major complications were four cases of delayed union or nonunion, two cases of regenerate failure, two cases of limb length discrepancy of more than 2.5 cm, two cases of remnant angular deformity, one case of refracture, two cases of equinus deformity and ankle joint stiffness, and one case of intended knee joint fusion. In all thirteen cases, bone union was achieved without infection recurrence. Conclusion Limb salvage surgery using Ilizarov apparatus for classical internal bone transport could be a way to avoid amputation in patients with infected nonunion. The outcomes of classical internal bone transport with a higher bone union rate and lower infection recurrence were acceptable. On the other hand, all possible complications, the treatment course, and other options, such as bone transport with internal fixation or induced membrane technique, should be shared with the patient before surgery to enhance overall satisfaction.Furthermore, for difficulties in regenerate formation in the bone with osteomyelitis and massive bone defect, the patient should be informed of a potential longer fixation period or additional surgeries for regenerate failure, including bone graft or fibular transport, to facilitate the patient’s compliance to treatment.

BACKGROUND: The facilitatory effect of spinal prostaglandins (PGs) on nociceptive transmission suggests that early PG synthesis after nerve injury could be important in the development of allodynia. METHODS: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of diclofenac (nonselective COX inhibitor), SC-560 (selective COX-1 inhibitor), and NS-398 (selective COX-2 inhibitor) on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the neuropathic pain model. The rats underwent right L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and were assigned to three COX inhibitor groups to be injected intraperitoneally with different administration dosages (0.2 mg, 1 mg, 5 mg) 30 minutes before, and at 1, 2, and 3 days after SNL. The withdrawal threshold of both hindpaws in response to mechanical stimulation was measured by dynamic plantar anesthesiometer and the withdrawal ratio of right to left hindpaw was calculated. The thermal stimulation applied to both hindpaws by the plantar test was calculated different administration dosages were compared with the vehicle group. RESULTS: There were no differences in mechanical allodynia among the lower dosage groups (0.2 mg) until 14 days after SNL. However, 1 mg of NS-398 decreased mechanical allodynia compared with the vehicle group at 14 days after SNL, and 5 mg of NS-398 decreased mechanical allodynia at 3 days after SNL. However, there was no difference in thermal hyperalgesia between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intraperitoneal administration of COX inhibitor (especially selective COX-2 inhibitor) after nerve ligation injury can attenuate the development of mechanical allodynia.
Animals ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors* ; Diclofenac ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation* ; Neuralgia* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Prostaglandins ; Rats* ; Spinal Nerves*

For many years, the histogenesis of the granular cell tumor was controversial and this resulted in the tumor being given more than 20 synonyms. Abrikossoff, reporting on the fiist granular cell tomor, favored a muscle origin, but other authora have postulated a fibroblastic or a histiocytic origin. Recently, the concept of Schwann cell origin, supported by electron microscopic studies and immunohistochemistry of S-100 protein, has gained wider recognition. Approximately 90 cases of esophageal granular cell tumor have been reported in the literature, representing about 2% incidence of all reported granular cell tumor, In Korea, only four cases of granular cell tumors were reported in the literatures including the cases occuring in the cecum, colon, and anus until now. Recently we experienced 46-years old women with granular cell tumor of the esophagus, which might be the second case in Korean literature.
Anal Canal ; Cecum ; Colon ; Esophagus* ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins

PURPOSE: We reported the results of open synovectomy for chronic infectious arthritis of the wrist. METHODS: Fifteen patients who had chronic infectious arthritis of the wrist and underwent open synovectomy were reviewed retrospectively baesd on preoperative periods, symptoms, results of laboratory tests, radiological findings including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hospitalization period, and others. Pain scale and subjective satisfaction were checked by phone interview. RESULTS: Average preoperative period was 96.1 days. Pain on motion and edema were observed in all cases. Four patients had positive bacterial cultures and three were identified as tuberculous infection. Signal changes of bones were observed in MRI of 10 patients. Osteomyelitis was found in 8 patients during the operation and bone resection or fusion should be performed in three. Average number of operation times was 1.53. CONCLUSION: When the patients show chronic swelling and pain on motion of the wrist, diagnostic work-ups for chronic infectious arthritis should be performed including arthrocentesis and MRI. Treatment including open synovectomy should be done immediately.
Arthritis, Infectious ; Edema ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mycobacterium ; Osteomyelitis ; Preoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist

Purpose: This study reports the clinical results of the tenodesis of long head of the Biceps brachii tendon with bioabsorbable interference screw by minimal open procedure. Materials and Methods: Ten cases of 10 patients (7 male, 3 female) were included in this study. The average age was 45.8 years old and the average period from the symptom onset to operation was 13.7 months. Average preoperative ASES score was 38.5. The causes of injury was; sports activities in 4 patients, unknown in 4 patients, industrial accident in 1 patient and traffic accident in 1 patient. The average follow up period was 12.1 months. Tenodesis with bioabsorbable interference screw by minimal open precedure was performed in all cases. Results: The ASES score improved to 87.5 at last follow up period and 6 cases had full range of motion of the shoulder. 4 cases had mild limited range of motion of the shoulder without any problem in normal daily activity. Conclusion: It was assumed that tenodesis of long head of the biceps brachii tendon with bioabsorbable interference screw by minimal open precedure was one of the good methods with good clinical results.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Humans ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Sports ; Tendons* ; Tenodesis*