Acute mobile thrombus of the abdominal aorta after chemotherapy is a very unusual finding, which can be a potential source of arterial embolism. We report here on a case of an acute mobile aortic thrombus with renal infarction. We successfully treated the patient with hybrid operation-open surgical and endovascular approach. Our case shows that hybrid treatment using wire-directed balloon catheter thrombectomy is a feasible, minimally-invasive treatment for a mobile aortic thrombus.
Angioplasty ; Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Catheters ; Chimera ; Embolism ; Humans ; Infarction ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Electrophoresis* ; Genes, ras* ; Humans* ; Point Mutation* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Diverticulum*

No abstract available.
Hepatolenticular Degeneration*

Objectives: The high co-payment of dental care service providers reduces access to dental care and exacerbates health inequality among different social classes. Dental care services are affected by several socioeconomic factors including those related to the household, regional factors surrounding individuals, and individual factors. In this study, we identified household and regional factors that affect unmet dental care needs, after appropriately adjusting for individual-level and provided suggestions for improving the future coverage of dental and oral health care services. Methods: Using the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey data, 101,718 middle-aged (40-64 years old) and 72,807 elderly (65 years and older) individuals were analyzed to identify the unmet needs of dental care services by age group. To identify factors affecting unmet dental care needs by age group, a multilevel analysis of the overall rate (T1) was conducted with three dependent variables: (a)availability, (b)economic accessibility, and (c) acceptability. Results: The unmet need for dental care service rate (T1) was 15.43% for middle-aged individuals, 14.73% overall, and 13.00% for the elderly. The results of the multi-level analysis indicated that at the household level, the number of household members aged 19 years and above had an effect on the overall (T1) total unmet needs of dental care services and economic accessibility for the middleaged group. At the regional level, economic accessibility influenced the degree of financial independence and the number of dental hospitals and clinics per population. Conclusions In order to reduce the unmet needs of dental care services, it is necessary to comprehensively consider not only individual-level factors but also household-level factors and regionallevel factors according to age.

Objectives: The high co-payment of dental care service providers reduces access to dental care and exacerbates health inequality among different social classes. Dental care services are affected by several socioeconomic factors including those related to the household, regional factors surrounding individuals, and individual factors. In this study, we identified household and regional factors that affect unmet dental care needs, after appropriately adjusting for individual-level and provided suggestions for improving the future coverage of dental and oral health care services. Methods: Using the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey data, 101,718 middle-aged (40-64 years old) and 72,807 elderly (65 years and older) individuals were analyzed to identify the unmet needs of dental care services by age group. To identify factors affecting unmet dental care needs by age group, a multilevel analysis of the overall rate (T1) was conducted with three dependent variables: (a)availability, (b)economic accessibility, and (c) acceptability. Results: The unmet need for dental care service rate (T1) was 15.43% for middle-aged individuals, 14.73% overall, and 13.00% for the elderly. The results of the multi-level analysis indicated that at the household level, the number of household members aged 19 years and above had an effect on the overall (T1) total unmet needs of dental care services and economic accessibility for the middleaged group. At the regional level, economic accessibility influenced the degree of financial independence and the number of dental hospitals and clinics per population. Conclusions In order to reduce the unmet needs of dental care services, it is necessary to comprehensively consider not only individual-level factors but also household-level factors and regionallevel factors according to age.

Background and Objectives: Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control have been substantially improved in the last decades worldwide, but hypertension management in younger adults is still challenged. We analyzed a nationally representative sample of Korea to investigate factors affecting hypertension management among the young Korean population. Methods: Among 8,024 young adults aged 30–49 years from the 2014–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1,103 participants with hypertension were analyzed to identify factors associated with hypertension management status. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted separately by sex. Results: Young adults with hypertension showed a low rate of awareness (35.8%), treatment (30.9%), and control (23.0%). The older age (40–49 years), obese (body mass index ≥25.0 kg/ m 2 ), having diabetes mellitus (DM), and having past-history of cardiovascular disease were positively associated with awareness, and taking health examination in the past 2 years were positively associated with both treatment and control of hypertension among male. Young females who were older (40–49 years), rural residents, unemployed, not taking sodium over the recommended amount, having dyslipidemia, and having DM showed a higher likelihood of awareness. Young females who have not experienced unmet medical needs in the past year were more likely to be treated or controlled with hypertension. Conclusions The factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were different by sex and age group. Enhancing attention on hypertension among young hypertension and encouraging them to visit clinics would be key strategies to improve hypertension management among the young hypertensive population.

Objectives: Korea’s National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage rate for dental services is 16.0%, far lower than the 33.0% average of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and development) countries. In 2013, the government implemented a policy to pay for dental scaling service for adults over the age of 20. Then in 2017, the eligibility criteria was expanded to adults aged 19 or older the eligibility age was lowered expanded to 19 or older. Methods: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the policy by comparing the number of times per person the dental scaling service was used before and after the implementation of the new applicants group compared to the existing application/applicants group. The analysis was conducted among patients aged 19 and 20 who visited the hospital with gingivitis and periodontal disease and who used the dental scaling service more than once per year as a preventive measure, using the customized database of the NHIC (National Health Insurance Corporation). As of July 1, 2017 when the dental scaling service was implemented by the National Health Insurance Service, the period was set as “before enforcement” (January 2016 to June 2017) and “after enforcement” (July 2017 to December 2018). To evaluate the policy effectiveness of expandingthe ages of individuals eligible for the dental scaling service, Difference-in-Differences (DiD) analysis was conducted to examine the number of times per person the service was used, changes in personal contributions, and policy effectiveness. Results: Since the National Health Insurance policy to pay for dental scaling services, both the applicants group and the sustainable application group have increased the rate of inspection of preventive dental scaling services (19.82%→30.91%, 29.68%→31.18%). As a result of determining the pure effect of the NHI’s policy of covering the dental scaling service, it was found that the the number of times the dental scaling service was used per person increased significantly in the new application group (0.03 times, <.0001). Conclusions However, it was found that the cost of the dental scaling service per person while the cost of the dental scaling decreased was shown to decrease, it was not statistical significant. Therefore, additional policy support such as lowering the personal financial burden is needed for those who are unable to afford the service.

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed 200 cases of prenatal amniocentesis and compared them with other reported studies. Thus we propose the necessity of metanalysis for prenatal amniocentesis. METHOD: We analyzed 200 cases that have undergone amniocentesis at Masan Samsung hospital from January 1996 to December 1997. The results of our study was compared with other reported studies of amniocentesis by indication and maternal age. The proportion of age-class and indication are compared between previous study subjects and our 200 cases. RESULTS: Triple marker abnormality was the most common indication of amniocentesis(51%) and the most common age distribution was 25-29 years (43.5%). Chromosomal aberration was diagnosed in 20 cases (10%) of which the numerical aberration was 9 cases (4.5%) and the structural aberration was 11 cases (5.5%). 5 cases (2.5%) out of ll cases of the structural aberration were normal variant. There were 7 cases (trisomy 21) of autosomal aberration and 2 cases (Turner syndrome) of sex chromosome aberration. Arnong the structural aberration, there was only one reported case of 46, t(7:10) reciprocal translocation. There were no cases of fetal death except for a little self limited preterm labor. There were no neonatal complications. In the comparison of indication and maternal age with other studies, abnormal triple test was the most common indication of amniocentesis. The number of young pregnant women under 35 years old who underwent genetic amniocentesis was increased year by year. CONCLUSION: Triple maker screening test and genetic amniocentesis become popular method of antenatal diagnosis in Korea. Now, it is the proper time to establish standard indication of prenatal amniocentesis in this country by systemic and objective statistic examination. So we address the need for metanalysis in our country as comparing with other studies.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Amniocentesis* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Maternal Age ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations

Torture is an extreme life stressor which increases the risk of serious psychological and physical sequelae of victims. Despite Geneva declaration, Amnesty International reports that torture remains as human rights issue in many sites of the world. Even in Korean peninsula, torture is a serions human rights issue. This paper is a critical review on torture; to describe its methods and effects, the assessment of psychological and physical sequelae, and its treatment. Torture also affects survivor's family. The more prolonged, repeated, and unpredictable the experience of torture is, the more serious psychiatric consequences are likely. Psychological responses and sequelae include not only symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but also depression, personality changes, somatoform disorders and others. Diagnositic terms such as complex PTSD or torture syndrome have been used to denote the complexity of torture trauma. Treatment is a combination of pharmacotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, guidance for of socialre readaptation. Ensuring safety and trust between survivors and medical staffs is important. Torture prevention is to expose the facts particularly health data to the public, and collaborate with international organizations fighting against torture. Preventive interventions is linked to a change in the underlying socio-political causes and to the creation of necessary conditions for human rights and development at the level of society.
Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Medical Staff ; Somatoform Disorders ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors ; Torture*