No abstract available.
Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heparin*

BACKGROUNDS: Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale was developed to measure the elderly function. The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale. METHODS: Clinical validity and convergent validity was tested. Reliability was tested by internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha), two weeks test-retest method, and interrator correlation. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.937. 2 weeks test-retest correlations in all 7 items were higher than 7.0. Interrator agreements were high in all 7 items(h=0.86~1.0). Nonnal control group had lower scores than patients group in all 7 items(p=0.000). Correlation coefficients between K-ADL score and braindisability grade was between -0.465(eating) and -0.696(bathing)(p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale is a valid and reliable instrument. In the future, the studies showing an association between K-ADL and mortality, prognosis are needed.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results*

BACKGROUND: Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(K-IADL) scale was developed to measure the elderly function. The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of K-IADL scale. METHODS: Clinical validity and convergent validity was tested. Reliability was tested by internal consistency(Cronbach`s alpha), two weeks test-retest method, and interrator correlation. RESULTS: Cronbach`s alpha was 0.938. 2 weeks test-retest correlations in all 10 items were higher than 0.674. Interrator agreements were high in all 10 items(H=0.808~0.947). Normal control group had lower scores than patients group in all 10 items(p=0.000). Correlation coefficient between K-IADL score and brain-disability grade was between -0.336(laundry) and -0.663(using transportation)(p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(K-IADL) scale is a valid and reliable instrument. In the future, the studies showing an association between K-IADL and mortality, prognosis are needed.
Aged ; Humans ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results*

To investigate effects of cytokines on rheumatoid synovial cells, proliferation and expression of cytokine and metalloproteinase genes were studied with the primary culture of rheumatoid synovial cells which was treated with TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, TGF-alpha, PDGF and IL-B. By [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, TGF-beta and PDGF increased proliferation of synovial cells by 1.5 and 2.5 folds respectively. Cytokine gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Rheumatoid synovial cells expressed constitutively TGF-beta and IL-B at a high level and IL-1B, GM-CSF, and MIP-1a at a relatively low level. TGF-beta, GM-CSF and PDGF increased IL-B expression. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was increased by GM-CSF and PDGF. Both GM-CSF and PDGF increased the expression of IL-1B, GM-CSF MIP-la and IL-8. In addition, GM-CSF enhanced expression of TNF-alpha. Stromelysin and collagenase are the major proteinases responsible for destruction ot joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These genes were expressed constitutivefy in rheumatoid synovial cells. In summary, PDGF and GM-CSF may piay an important role by inducing or increasing expression of IL-1B, TGF-beta and PDGF by increasing proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Nonunion of fractures of forearm bone occurs frequently. These patients usually suffer from pain and functional disturbance of the hand and forearm. With the introduction of compression plate for the treatment of nonunion at the Campbell Clinic in 1959, a modification of the Nicoll graft was advised. The authors analysed 23 cases of the nonunion of forearm bone, in which military injured patients were admitted and treated by bone graft with internal fixation using various devices in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Korea Veterans Hospital from Sep. 1983 to Aug. 1988.
Forearm ; Hand ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Korea ; Military Personnel ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The functional status of elderly has been measured by many different methods including Karz ADL index, Bathel ADL index and physical self- maintenance scale. Among them, Bathel ADL index has been widely used in many countries because of easiness to scoring and administration. Therefore, we translated the Bathel ADL index and tested the translation validity and psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of Korean version of Bathel ADL index. METHODS: The Bathel ADL index was translated by multidisciplinary committee members. The quality of translation was rated by committee members using three criteria (clarity, use of common language, conceptual equivalence). Reliability was tested by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), two weeks test-retest reliability, and intraobserver agreement. Clinical validity and construct validity comparison with brain disability grade were tested for validity testing. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. Two weeks test-retest correlations coefficient was 0.95 (P=0.00). Interrator agreements were high in all 10 items (kappa=0.82~1.0). Normal control group had lower scores than the patient group (P=0.000). Correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Bathel ADL index score and brain- disability grade was -0.58 (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of Bathel ADL index is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring functional status of the elderly.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged ; Brain ; Committee Membership ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results*

Two patients, sought treatment for chief complaints of protruding frontal tooth and desired treatment to reduce the prominence of lips, were diagnosed as bimaxillary protrusion via clinical and cephalometric analysis. The authors corrected them by combined surgical and orthodontic treatment. As pre-surgical survey, paper and cast surgery were performed and wafer and resin sprint were constructed. We performed anterior maxillary and mandibular osteotomies in first premolar site to retract the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar segment in order to; 1) Decrease prominence of upper and lower lips. 2) Create proper lower incisor intrusion. By use of intramaxillary fixation, prompt oral intake was possible. We made good result of esthetic improvement and there was no evidence of relapse and any complication.
Adult* ; Bicuspid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Recurrence ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Transposition of Great Vessels*

BACKGROUND: The functional status of elerly has been measured by mamy measures including Karz ADL index, Karz ADL index and physical self-maintenace scale. Amon them, Karz ADL index has been widely used in many countries because of easiness to scoring and adminstration. So we translated Karz ADL index and tested the translation validity, psychometric properties(validity and reliability) of Korean version of Karz ADL index. METHODS: The Karz ADL index was translated by multidisciplinary committee members. The quality of translation was rated by committee members using three criteria(clarity, use of common language, conceptual equivalence). Reliability was tested by internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha), two weeks test-retest reliability, intraobserver agreement. Clinical validity and construct validity comparison with brain disability grade were tested for validity testing. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. 2 weeks test-retest correlations coefficient was 0.94(p=0.00). Interrator agreements were high in all 10 items( =0.79 0.96). Normal control group had lower scores than patients group(p=0.000). Correlation coefficients between Korean version of Karz ADL index score and brain-disability grade was -0.68(p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Korean version of Karz ADL index is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring functional status of elderly.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged ; Brain ; Committee Membership ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results*

No abstract available.