A one step reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) combined nested PCR was set up to increase efficiency in the diagnosis of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection after developement of nested PCR. Two PCR primer sets were designed based on the sequence of nucleocapsid gene of CDV Onderstepoort strain. One-step RT-PCR with the outer primer pair was revealed to detect 10(2) PFU/ml. The sensitivity was increased hundredfold using the one-step RT-PCR combined with the nested PCR. Specificity of the PCR was also confirmed using other related canine virus and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and body secretes of healthy dogs. Of the 51 blood samples from dogs clinically suspected of CD, 45 samples were revealed as positive by one-step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR. However, only 15 samples were identified as positive with a single one step RT-PCR. Therefore approximately 60% increase in the efficiency of the diagnosis was observed by the combined method. These results suggested that one step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR could be a sensitive, specific, and practical method for diagnosis of CDV infection.
Animals ; Distemper Virus, Canine/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Dogs ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/*veterinary ; RNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viral Vaccines

To repair bony defects with transplanted bone in the body, fresh autogenous bone is undoubtly. A retrospective study was made of a consecutive patient who underwent mandibular reconstruction with PMCB and allogeneic mandibular crib in November 1996. Free autogenous iliac bone in the form of particulate cancellous bone and marrow was densely packed into the allogenous mandibular crib that was adapted to bridge the mandibular discontinuity defect. Freeze dried allogenous mandibular bone was traded by Wonkwang bone bank. Freeze dried allogenous mandibular bone was used as allogeneic crib carrying the PMCB. This case was undergone successful healing with the formation of a continuous bony union with the remaining mandible. The rate of resorption was assessed by sequeal panoramic radiographs, that is, a day of postoperative period, 3 months of postoperative period, 6 months of postoperative period, 12 months of postoperative period. The mean horizontal dimension of the mandibular defect was 58mm and the mean vertical dimension of the reconstructed segments was 30mm. The bony height reconstructed segments retained about 78% of the bony height of a 1-year period. We estimated that autogenous PMCB grafts and allogenous crib grafts were the most successful and esthetic grafts in mandibular discontinuity reconstruction.
Bone Banks ; Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Infant Equipment ; Mandible* ; Mandibular Reconstruction* ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Vertical Dimension

BACKGROUND: It has been known that p16, p21, and TGF-β are related to cellular proliferation and malignant transformation but the results of the previous studies are controversial. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed in order to investigate the possible role of p16, p21, and TGF-β in relation to the cellular proliferation and malignant transformation in various skin tumors. METHODS: For immunohistochemical staining we examined sections (4um thick) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 11 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 13 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 7 cases of actinic keratosis, 5 cases of keratoacanthoma, and 4 cases of normal skin for control. Following conventional deparaffinization, the three step immunoperoxidase method was performed using the streptavidine-biotin complex and monoclonal antibodies. All sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. The expression of p16, p21, and TGF-β was evaluated and graded in relation to the intensity of cytoplasmic immunostaining of positive epidermal cells. RESULTS: p16, p21, and TGF-β were detected mainly in the cytoplasm. The p21 positive cells were localized exclusively in the upper squamous layer and were not visualized in the basal layer. The expression of p21 was higher in SCC than BCC (P value=0.03). The expression of p21 in normal control was higher than skin tumors, but there was no significant difference among these tumors. There was a significant loss in the expression of p16 and TGF-β in various skin tumors compared with normal control, but no difference in the expression of p16 and TGF-β among these skin tumors. CONCLUSION: 1. p21 is possibly related to the differentiation of epidermal cells, because p21 was observed not in basal cells but in squamous and granular cells of the normal epidermis and the higher expression of p21 was demonstrated in SCC compared to BCC. 2. It may imply that loss of expression of p16 may play a critical role in malignant trans-formation but not in tumor progression of human malignant skin tumors, because the significant loss of the expression of p 16 was found in SCC and BCC when normal skin and there was no difference in the expression of p16 among various skin tumors but the expression of p16 of SCC is higher than that of actinic keratosis (P value=0.04). 3. It may imply that the loss of the expression of TGF-β may play a critical role in malignant transformation, because the significant loss of expression of TGF-β was found in various skin tumors when compared to normal skin, but there was no difference in the expression of TGF-β among various skin tumors.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermis ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Skin

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Cochlear Nucleus* ; Rats*

Metastases to the skin from internal malignancy are very rare and have been reported to occur in 0.9% to 8% of patients with cancer. Particularly there are few cutaneous metastatic carcinomas from the urinary bladder and their incidence is 1% to 2% of the cutaneous metastasis. A 76-year-old man developed cutaneous metastasis six months later after the diagnosis of carcinoma of the bladder had been made. He was presented with asymptomatic erythematous indurated plaques on the left thigh and the inguinal area. This lesion was diagnosed histologically as poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. We report a case of cutaneous metastasis from carcinoma of the urinary bladder showing the unusual clinical feature of an erythematous indurated plaque.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Skin ; Thigh ; Urinary Bladder*

Ludwig's angina is a serous and potentially life threatening infectious disease involving all of the submental, submandibular, and sublingual space bilaterally. It is characterized by severe swelling and broad-like induration of the tissues in the submandibular region and elevation of the tongue and flood of mouth with partial immobilization of these structures. A common cause of Cushing's disease is an iatrogenic problem related to chronic administration of either ACTH or glucocorticoids. Patients who administrated glucocorticoids altered responese infection and wound healing. More important, many patients who are taking or have been taken glucocorticoids have risk of developing acute adrenal insuffciency (adrenal crisis) when place in stressful situation. The treatment of infections in Cushing's syndrome are reduction of number of microbes through the use of appropriated antimicrobial agents and proper surgical drainage and appropriated airway management and prorer steroids therapy that increased administration of glucocorticoids. In this paper, we report a rare case of Ludwig's angina with Cushing's syndrome. A 45-years old women was referred to our clinic in November 1996 for treatment of infetious disease. Clinical examination of this patient showed a painful swelling of submental space, elevation of tongue and difficulty of respiration or 'Moon Face', 'Bufallo hump', striae of abdomen and ecchymosis of extrmities. We treated through the quickly airway management using blind oroendotracheal intubation, antimicrobial injection of large quantity, increased adminstration of glucocorticoids and proper surgical drainage. And We aquired satisfactory result.
Abdomen ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Airway Management ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Communicable Diseases ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Drainage ; Ecchymosis ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Intubation ; Ludwig's Angina* ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Respiration ; Steroids ; Tongue ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

Alopecia areata is a common cause of acquired circumscribed alopecia in childhood. In infancy alopecia areata is exceptional. No case of congenital alopecia areata has been documented yet. Thus, it is generally assumed that alopecia areata is acquired only postnatally, and it is believed that the presence of an alopecia at birth virtually excludes the diagnosis of alopecia areata. In this report, we document a case of congenitally developed alopecia areata that shows typical clinical and histological features of alopecia areata.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Diagnosis ; Parturition

This study was aimed to furnish the data of facial bone fracture which was related regional and social environment and to aid diagnosis and treatment of the fracture. This is the retrospective and clinicostatical study on 625 patients with facial bone fracture. The patients were treated in the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Wonkwang University Hospital from Jan. 1, 1993 to Dec. 31, 1997. The result were as follows : The facial bone fractures occured most frequently in the twenties(32.3%) and male were predominent(77.4%) than female. The most frequent etiologic factor of facial bone fracture was fall down(42.8%) and midface fracture was traffic accident(63.4%). The most common site of fracture was symphysis(51.1%) and angle(29.7%), condyle(27.5%), ZMC(13.4%) were next in order of frequency. Of the 626 patients, 590 patients(89.5%) were treated with open reduction and only 36 patients(10.5%) were treated with closed reduction. In the blow, the ratio of angle fracture(50%) is especially high(the overall ratio 29.7%) and in the Out car TA, the ratio of ZMC fracture(34.6%) is especially high(the overall ratio 13.4%). In the fall-down, the ratio of symphysis(58.4%) and condyle fracture(33.6%) is especially high(the overall ratio 51.1%, 27.5%). Postoperatives complication were found in 35(5.6%) of 626 patients, in which mouth opening limitation(3%) was the most common. Above results suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of fracture site, systemic condition and associated injuries are nessary, and cooperative treatment with medical department should be performed.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Facial Bones* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Environment ; Surgery, Oral