No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

With the availability of accurate localizer and markedly improved resolution of CT, precise anatomicalpositioning of the structure of interest, proper gantry angulation, thin slicing and magnification technique of CTimage can be easily achieved. Recently there have appeared many articles on normal and abnormal CT findings of thelumber discs. These articles, however, were concerned with more or less indirect evaluation of the discs byobserving the contour of the posterior margin of the disc, compression or displacement of the adjacent structuresby protruded disc materials and the obliteration of the epidural fat. The present study has been carried out toinvestigated basically the normal internal architectures of the lumbar discs to set up a baseline by which onewell be able to judge abnormality of that structure. The materials consisted of 127 lumbar discs of 30 healthyadult subjects studied by the measure set technique (MST). The subjects were sampled randomly from the individualsundergoing a CT study for the reasons other than spnal diseases. To obviate sample bias the age, sex and disclevels were adjusted so that the uniformity in sample number of each category was maintained. CT scans wereperformed with a Siemens Somatom 2 Scanner immediately after calibration. Technical factors involved were tubevoltage 125 kVp, exposure time 10 seconds, 460 mAs, 256 x 256 matrices, and pixel size 0.4mm. Contiguous2-mm-thick slices of each disc were obtained parallel to the disc plane at 3-mm interval from the lower margin ofthe vertebral body for 5 lumbar discs. Out of multiple scan slices of each disc one image was chosen which hadneither partial volume effect with the adjacent vertebral body nor an out the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulusfibrosus (AF) clearly. The internal architectures of each disc as revealed by MST were classified arbitrarily into3 types as follows; (1) When AF was discerned distinctly as a “white ring-like” structure from the “black” NP, thedisc was classified as well defined type: (2) When AF appeared as a fairly uniform “white ring-llike” structureand NP appeared as uniformly mottled densities with indistinct demarcation between the two, the disc was classifedas intermediate type ; and (3) When both AF and NP were diffusely mottled without any demarcation, the disc wasclassifed as diffuse type . With age, the internal architectures of the lumbar disc changed from the well-definedthrough intermediate to diffuse type. The relative increase in the density of NP was considered to representdegenerative change characterized by gradual replacement of the gelatinous tissue of NP by a fibrocartilaginoustissue and decrease in the water therein contained. The diffuse type were most frequently seen in the discs ofL4-5 and L5-S1 suggesting the maximum intensity of stress and strain due to weight bearing at these two disclevels.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Calibration ; Clothing ; Gelatin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water ; Weight-Bearing

Intraperitoneal bleeding caused by ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a serious obstetrical emergency requiring accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment to save the life. The plain X-ray of the abdomen is simple andnoninvasive method but a review of literature failed to disclose any previous systematic investigations andanalysis of plain x-ray findings of ruptured ectopic pregnancies except well known sign of free fluid ofperitoneal cavity which is obviously nonspecific, the present study has been undertaken to make a criticalanalysis of the plain abdonimal findings of ruptured ectopic pregnancies. In addition, plain chest film wereevaluated to aid the diagnosis of hemorrhagic nature of peritoneal fluid. The materials consisted of 64 cases ofsurgically proven ruptured ectopic pregnancies seen at St. Mary's Hospital and Holy Family Hospital, Catholic Medical college, during the period of Jan. 1979 through Dec. 1980. The results of the study are as follows; 1.Intraperitoeal fluid smaller in amount than 1 liter appeared as comb-like, new-moon, half-moon and full-moondensities in the minor pelvis. As the amount exceeds 1 liter, widening of paracolic gutter and obliteration of thehepatic angle occurred. 2. Indentation and displacement of the bladder and rectum were present in 29 cases (45%).3. Local ileus of considerable intensity occurred in LLQ and RUQ in 35%. Remakable gaseous distension of sigmoidcolon were noted in 30%. 4. Blurring of psoas muscle shadow took place in 33% and scoliosis in 11%. The curvature of lumbar scoliosis was directed away from the ruptured site of pregnance in the majority. 5. In the chest x-ray,the diameter of basal pulmonary artery appeared significantly reduced in acute group. On the other hand, thecardiothoracic ratio became slightly increased in non-acute group. These pulmonary arterial change and cardiomegaly seem to reflect acute and subacute blood loss, respectively.
Abdomen ; Ascitic Fluid ; Cardiomegaly ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileus ; Methods ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Psoas Muscles ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rectum ; Scoliosis ; Thorax ; Urinary Bladder

Although the usefulness of mammography as a screening test for breast cancer is still indispute, its use topatients over 50 years of age is valid. Since Wolfe first classified the breast parenchymal patterns of mammography into 4 patterns, many authors have adopted the criteria in studying the changes of the parenchymalpatterns for certain ages and the risks for breast cancer of certain parenchymal patterns. Authors reviewed 49cases of breast masses which diagnosed by mammography and by operation during the period from January 1978 to July 1983 at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College. The parenchymal tissue patterns were classifed according toWolfe into NI, P1, P2 and DY. Risk groups were classified into low risk group (N1, P1) and high group(P2, DY). Onthe basis of these criteria, benign and malignant disease were analyzed against the breast parenchymal patterns.The results and conclusions were as follows: 1. Age ranged from 16 years to 67 years with the most prevalent agebeing 4th and 5th decades. 2. Diagnoses were; fibroadenoma 17 cases, fibrous dysplasia 16 cases, ductal papilloma3 cases, and cancer 13 cases. 3. Categorization of those 26 bening disease according to the Wolfe's criteria was:N1 6 cases, P1 10 cases, P2 9 cases and DY 11 cases. On the other hand, categorization of 13 cases of cancerwas:N1 5 cases, P1 3 cases, P2 3 cases, and DY 2 cases. 4. Of 13 cases of cancer, 8 fell in the low risk group andremainder in the high risk group. There were no significant correlation between the parenchymal patterns and theincidence of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Hand ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Wolves

In 1951, Leborgen pointed out the special diagnostic importance of punctate calcifications in the diagnosis of breast cancer by mammography. Calcifications within the breast may occure in both malignant and benign diseases, the characteristic findings have been reported subsequently by many other investigators. This study was done toreevalute the significance and diagnostic value of calcifications of female breast cancers. The clinical materals were 980 cases of those underwent mammography, and 76 cases of those histopathologically diagnosis was confirmed. Fine calcifications were radiologically found in 24 cases of these 76. A morphological analysis was made inregards to the relationship between the calcific particles and various mammary diseases. The results were asfollows; 1. The irregularly fine spiculate and punctate calcifications were found in 11 cases (45.8%) of cancergroup, and rather uniformly fine smooth calcifications were found in 14 out of 52 cases (26.9%) of benign conditions. 2. In cancer group, the calcifications were finely punctate or spiculate in shape and in numerable innumber with a tendency toward formation of densely packed clusters within and adjacent to the lesional areas. Nospiculate calcifications were observed in benign conditions. There were, however, no difference in either size ordensity of particles in both benign and malignant conditions. 3. These fine calcifications of the breast detectedby mammography seem to be a useful marker in localizing so small a lesion as not to be palpable and in obtaining proper biopsy specimen.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Research Personnel

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Thorax*

CT scan is widely used in the evaluation of hepatobiliary system and contrast study is generally performedwith non-biliary contrast media. Therefore the normal intrahepatic bile ducts are not readily visible and alsoextrahepatic bile ducts are occasinally not discriminated from adjacent structures, in spite of improvedresolution of the CT scanner. This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of cholangiographic enhancementin biliary CT examination. In the control group (n=5), we measured the CT number of the peripheral hepatic duct,perioportal duct, common bile duct and gall bladder, respectively, at the interval of 30 minutes upto 2 hoursafter intervenous infusion of biliscopin(30ml) and observed time-denstiy relationship of infused biliscopin in thebiliary system. In the patient group (n=23), we observed visualization rate of the bilary system and serumbilirubin level at 30 minutes after infusion of biliscopin(30ml). The results were as follows: 1. The peak densityoccurred at 30 minutes after infusion of biliscopin. 2. Visualization rate was 100% in normal bilirubin groupwhereas it was 91.7% in abnormal bilirubin group. 3. The cholangiographic enhancement of biliary CT scan is usefulin the evaluation of intra-and extraheptaic biliary system.
Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Bilirubin ; Common Bile Duct ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder

There is a great variety of abdominal calcifictions of varying etiology. Among them, calcification in gastriccarcinoma is rare. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous report of calcifying mucinousadenocarcinoma of the stomach in Korea. In the present communication, we report two cases of this rare tumor. Thefirst case was 27 years old female who had anorexia and palpable mass in the epigastrium. By palpation, a firmnon-tender large mass ws felt in the epigastrium. A plain abdominal film showed numerous pnuctate calcificationsin the left upper quadrant. Film from an upper G-I series demonstrated findings of advanced gastric carcinoma withmultiple punctate calcifications involving the antrum and body. Gastroscopic biopsy proved the lesion to bemucinous adenocarcioma(signet ring cell type). The second case was 38 years old female who compained of nausea,vomiting and weight loss. On physical examination, she appeared normal. Routine laboratory tests were withinnormal limits. A plain abdominal film revealed stippled calcifications in the left upper quadrant medial to thesplenic shadow. The film from an upper G-I series showed a mass in the fundus and upper body of stomach withmultiple stippled calcifications along the lesser curvature. Subtotal gastrectomy was perfomred and the pathologicfindings was calcifying mucinous adenocarcinoma(signet ring cell type).
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Anorexia ; Biopsy ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Korea ; Mucins ; Palpation ; Physical Examination ; Stomach ; Weight Loss

Accurate staging as well as diagnosis of cervix carcinoma is of paramount importance in planning treatment. Cervical smear cytologic studies have increased the detection rate of cervix carcinoma, but current radiologictechniques are limited in staging cervix carcinoma and precise visualization of lymphnodal metastasis. The CT scancan display the precise transaxial anatomical structures, permitting us not only to know the tumor size, shape andits extent but also lymphnodal enlargement in the pelvic cavity and around the abdominal aorta and secondarychanges of the kidney. The authors have tested the usefulness of CT in staging cervix carcinoma and detectinglymphatic involvement by analysis of 24 cases diagnosed by CT and confirmed histologically at St. Mary's hospitalduring the period from Oct. 1982 to May 1984. The conclusions are as follows; 1. The accuracy of CT instaging ofcervix carcinoma was 79%. 2. The accuracy of CT diagnosis of lymphatic involvement was 87.5%, sesitivity was85.7%, and speicificity was 88.2%.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Kidney ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Vaginal Smears