We measured several relationships of humeral and glenoid articular surfaces with radiologic analysis in the 60 shoulders of normal adults(the 30 males and 30 females) who were without pain and limitation of motion. The average age was 29.1 year-old in the males(from 26 to 39), 27.7 year-old in the females(from 20 to 34). The results of measurement were as follows. The average radius of curvature of humeral head was 28.8±1.9mm in the males, 25.3±2,3mm in the females. The average radius of curvature of glenoid was 34.5±3.5mm in the males, 29.3±2.8mm in the females and there was difference between the radius of curvature of humeral head and glenoid about 4-Smm. Average surface area ratio of humeral head versus glenoid was 1.8±0.2 in male, 2.0±0.2 in female. The average thickness of humeral head from anatomical neck was 23.1±1.5mm in the males, 20.5±2.lmm in the females and there was distance between the radius of curvature of humeral head and the thickness of humeral head about 5 me and it was suggested that humeral head was not hemisphere. The average neck shaft angle of humerus was 51.6±4.8 degree in the males, 52.7±3.8 degree in the females. The average flare index was 3.6±0.6 in the males, 3.9±0.7 in the females, so that metaphysis of female was broader than that of male. The lateral humeral offset was 68.5±3.8mm in the males, 63.6±4.3mm in the females. The average distance from the greater tuberosity of humerus to the lateral acromion process was 20.1±3.9mm in the males, 17.6±5.1mm in the females. The average distance of upper surface from the humeral head to the greater tuberosity of humerus was 6.5±1.4mm in males, 5.9±2.0mm in females. The distance from the humeral head to the undersurface of acromion was 9.5±3.1mm in the males, 7.7±3.5mm in females. Our measurement of normal glenohumeral relationship would be useful in the diagnosis of shoulder disorders and in the design of prosthestic reconstruction in Korean. Further study would be required for the analysis of the three dimensional relationship because of the limitation of our two dimensional analysis.
Acromion ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Humerus ; Male ; Neck ; Radius ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint

The authors reviewed the clinical results of treatment for the impingement syndrome in 33 patients, 36 cases at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College, Kyung Hee University from November 1989 to March 1992. Follow-up evaluations averaged 23 months. The average age was 49 years old and there were 16 men and 17 women. The right shoulder was involved in 25 cases and the left in 11. The prominent complaint was pain with impaired shoulder function, especially in abduction, external rotation and flexion. The average duration of symptoms was 11 months ranged from 1 month to 7 years. Twenty one cases were managed with conservative therapy only, consisting of rest, physical therapy, analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs. Operation was performed in 15 of 36 cases. Anterior acromioplasty was done in 11 cases and arthroscopic decompression in 4 cases. In all patients with operative management, relief of pain and improvement of shoulder function were obtained and complications were not observed. Average preopperative shoulder rating score was 38.2 and postoperative score was 87. In 14 cases(71%) of conservative management, the symptoms were improved but still persistent in 6 cases(29%). Average initial shoulder rating score was 47 and follow up score was 68.4. In the analysis of above results, operative treatment was effective when symptoms are persistent and fail to respond to conservative management.
Decompression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Hodgkin Disease*

No abstract available.
Hodgkin Disease*

From September 1983 to June 1988, the authors could experience 104 cases of meniscal injury from 99 patients by arthroscopic examination. The results of this study may be summarized as follows : 1. There were noticed 35 cases of medial meniscus tear, 35 cases of lateral discoid meniscus tear, 12 cases of intact lat discoid meniscus, 1 case of medial discoid meniscus and 3 cases of lateral meniscal cyst. 2. Most common type of meniscal tear was bucket handle type (35 cases, 34.6%). 3. Most common site of rupture was posterior horn of medial meniscus. 4. Post operative results appeared related with the type of meniscus rupture and combined pathology of knee jont. Bucket handle type rupture was of good prognosis and meniscus lesions with chondromalacia was of poor prognosis.
Animals ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage Diseases ; Clinical Study ; Horns ; Humans ; Knee ; Menisci, Tibial ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Tears

Fifteen shoulders in 15 patients with traumatic recurrent anterior dislocation were performed from Sept. 1993 to April 1994. The position in which the dislocation occurred were abduction and external rotation in 10 cases, but most likely direct injuries in the 13 cases. The average interval between the initial and second dislocation was 5.4 months, and the average frequency of dislocation was 15 times per year. Physically, crank test in 13, fulcrum test in 12, sulcus test in 4, and jerk test in 3 cases were positive. The classic Bankart lesions were 4 cases, the bony Bankart lesions in 11 cases, so all of them had an abnormal tension on the inferior glenohumeral ligament. The Hill-Sachs lesions were associated in 14 cases, the Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior lesion in 1 case. Traditional Bankart procedure in 12 cases, traditional method and shift surgery simultaneously for inferior laxity in 3 cases were performed. In 4 cases of bony Bankart lesion with large bone fragment, anterior capsule and subscapularis muslce was splitted during exposure. Velpeau sling was applied in a daytime for postoperative immobilization, exercise with 90° of flexion but no external rotation was permitted during 3 weeks after operation. After than 140° of flexion and 40° of flexion and averag 57° of external rotation. There was no recurrence in our series. The result at follow up were exellent in 9 cases, good in 6 cases.
Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Shoulder

Indications for bone lengthening in the hand are less common than for the lower extremity. From 1991 to 1993 authors had performed nine hand bone lengthenings in the eight patients, based on callotasis and chondrodiastasis, Average age at the time of surgery was 18 years old(from 4 to 31 years old). Diagnoses included traumatic amputations in 7 cases and congenital syndactyly of both hand with hypoplastic digits in 2 cases. Sites of lengthening were metacarpal bone in 7 cases, phalangeal bone in 2 cases. Eight of 9 lengthening procedures resulted in complete consolidation of the bone gap after the single stage procedure. In one case secondary bone graft was required for the bone defect. Average consolidation period was 16 weeks(from 10 weeks to 22 weeks). Average gained length was 14.6mm (from 6 to 30mm) and average percent of gained digital bone length was 48%. There were minimal complications including marginal necrosis of skin, numbness and bone tip exposure and were responsed to conservative manage, but stump revision for bone tip exposure was performed in one case. In all cases followed to completion and for 1 to 3 years postoperatively, there was improvement of function with key pinch. The callotasis lengthening is one of the useful method of short hand bone lengthening to improve function of hand and cosmetic demand.
Amputation, Traumatic ; Bone Lengthening ; Diagnosis ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lower Extremity ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Skin ; Syndactyly ; Transplants

Trichofolliculoma is a benign tumor of hair follicle and is intermediate in differentiation between a hair nevus and a trichoepithelioma. It is a rare dermatosis first described by Fessler in 1924. Clinically, asymptomatic 4-5 mm sized solitary tumor usually occurs on the scalp, head and neck in the adultnood, This tumor may be clinically suspected if occurs as a small domeshaped nodule with a central umbilication showing small wisps fimmature hairs. Microscopically, the turnor shows one or several keratinfilled cysts in the dermis which are surrounded by spuamous epithelium, and contain horny meterial and birefringent fragments af hair shaft. These are primary hair follicles. And there are small secondary hair follicles which appear to radiation from the pimary hair follicles and have fine hair. The surrounding squarnous epithelium of primary follicles form epithelial strands, and interconnection the secondary hair follicles. We presented here a case of trichofolliculoma with typical clinical and histopthological findings in a 41 year-old male patient.
Adult ; Dermis ; Epithelium ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Nevus ; Scalp ; Skin Diseases

No abstract available.
Humans

Vaginitis is one of the most common disease in gynecologic field in recent days. About 90% of these patients suffer from the infection of the vagina caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida, or Trichomonas, either alone or in combination. For the effective diagnosis and management, it is essential to get an accurate identification of the causative agent. Applying simple and easy diagnostic methods such as pH of vaginal discharge, amine test and microscopic examination of wet mount preparation of normal saline and 10% KOH to 549 cases of randomly selected patients visiting Out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University Hospital through May 1st to Sept. 31st, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1. In the Gardnerella vaginitis vaginal pH was more than 5.0 in 81.0% of total cases, positive amine test in 62.8%, decreased lactobacilli in 77.4% & decreased WBC counts in 70.1%, In the Trichomonas vaginitis vaginal pH more than 5.0 was noted in 93.3% of the cases, negative amine test in 90%, decreased showed vaginal pH of 3.0~4.0 in 83.2%, negative amine test in 90%, decreased lactobacilli in 90% & increased WBC counts in 93.3%, whereas Candida vaginitis and normal groups showed vaginal pH of 3.0~4.0 in 83.2%, negative amine test in 100%, normal distribution of lactobacilli in 89.7%, normal WBC counts in 72.4%. 2. The accuracy rates of physical diagnosis by wet mount preparation of normal saline and 10% KOH revealed 26.3%, 47.5%, 70.0% in Gardnerella vaginitis, Candida vaginitis, and Trichomonas vaginitis, respectively. The vaginal pH and amine test showed 83.2% of accuracy rate in Candida vaginitis group, 60.6% in Gardnerella vaginitis group and 83.3% in Trichomonas vaginitis group. 3. In 23 cases of Gardnerella vaginitis showing vaginal pH of 3.0 or 4.0 and positive amine test, the clue cells were observed in 10% or less in 12 cases, 30% in 5 cases, 50% in 4 cases and 50% or more in 2 cases. In summary vaginal pH and amine test could be useful in screening and differentiating the different types of infectious vaginitis. Furthermore by adding microscopic examination of normal saline and 10% KOH wet mount preparation to them, they not only could obtain higher diagnostic accuracy rate but would be more valuable in selecting the patients requiring cultures to confirm the diagnoses.
Candida ; Diagnosis ; Gardnerella ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Outpatients ; Trichomonas ; Trichomonas Vaginitis ; Vagina ; Vaginal Discharge* ; Vaginitis*