To determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension we performed cross-sectional study in a rural area. We measured BP and body mass index(BMI), and interviewed adult residents over 30-year-old age. 337 males and 357 females participated the survey. BP was checked twice and the mean was used to determine age and sex specific mean BP and prevalence of hypertension. Prevalence of definite hypertension(BP>or=160/95 or on medication) was 14. 0% in males and 17. 7% in females. Risk factor for hypertension was analysed by multiple logistic regression; age (10years: OR=l. 7) and BMI(1 BMI unit: OR=l. 2) were positively associated with hypertension but smoking(1 pack year: OR=0.9) was shown to have inverse relationship.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors

This study includes 48 patients with severe head injury and with Neurosurgical Coma Scale(N.C.S.) scores of < or =8, who were admitted during last 1 1/2 years in our neurosurgical department. One week interval Serial C.A.T. scan was performed for 3 times and reviewed with patient's outcome and coma score comparing with consequences of serial C.A.T. Scan. Mortality rate was 33% who's coma score of < or =5 and 14% of > or =6. C.A.T. scans are correlated with the level of consciousness and coma score. The most common abnormalities were small ventricle ad area of mixed density interpreted as diffuse contusion. Two cases are new formed post-traumatic intracerebral hematoma. The patients, who's coma score of < or =5 had severe clinical and C.A.T. abnormality.
Coma ; Consciousness ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Mortality

In 1957 Sament and Schwartz reported patient with profound coma and hyperglycemia but without ketonemia or acidosis. This syndrome in usually termed hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma(HHNC). Six critically ill patients while on the neurosurgical service were studied to establish the diagnosis of HHNC. Criteria for the diagnosis of HHNC included. 1) Serum glucose over than 220 mg/dl wigh glucosuria. 2) absence of significant acetonuria. 3) serum Na over than 150 mEq/l. 4) serum osmolarity over than 310 mOsM/kg. 5) neurological dysfunction. The production of the characteristic stupor and diminution of mental acuity appears to result from a decrease in intracellular water content within the brain due to the osmotic effects of those predominately extracellular substances. Factors documented to be significant in it's development include nonspecific stress to primary illness, hyperosmolar tube feeding. Dehydration, and mannitol, dilantin and steroid administration. The treatment of HHNC recommended the division of replacement into two stages: 1) rapid repair of water deficits which was calculated by described formula and correct the Na abnormality. 2) insulin replacement according to the degree of glucosuria. During the replacement therapy of water deficit and insulin, it should be necessary to repeat plasma electrolytes and blood glucose at 4 hour intervals until normal levels are approached. One among the 6 cases of HHNC became good recovery and 5 cases were expired on treatment, Fatal complications of this syndrome, such as acute renal failure, terminal arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary dysfunction, both cerebral and systemic, were common in these cases.
Acidosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Coma ; Critical Illness ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Electrolytes ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma* ; Insulin ; Ketosis ; Mannitol ; Osmolar Concentration ; Phenytoin ; Plasma ; Stupor ; Water

PURPOSE: This study was designed too identify the MR histoanatomical distribution of soft-tissue tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 290 soft-tissue tumors of 281 patients were analyzed by the use of MR imaging and were pathologically confirmed after surgical resection or a biopsy. There were 120 malignant soft-tissue tumors including tumors of an intermediate malignancy and 170 benign tumors. The histoanatomical locations were divided into three types: 'Type I' with superficial layer tumors that involved the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, 'Type II' with deep layer tumors that involved the muscle or tendon and 'Type III' with soft-tissue tumors that involved both the superficial and deep layers. RESULTS: Soft-tissue tumors with more than three cases with a frequency of more than 75% included dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, glomus tumor, angiolipoma, leiomyosarcoma and lymphoma as 'Type I' tumors. 'Type II' tumors with more than three cases with a frequency of more than 75% included liposarcoma, fibromatosis, papillary endothelial hyperplasia and rhabdomyosarcoma. 'Type III' tumors with more than three cases with a frequency of more than 50% included neurofibromatosis. CONCLUSION: The MR histoanatomical distributions of soft tissue tumors are useful in the differential pathological diagnosis when a soft-tissue tumor has a nonspecific MR appearance.
Angiolipoma ; Biopsy ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; Fibroma ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Liposarcoma ; Lymphoma ; Muscles ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tendons

Anesthesia and surgery in patients with untreated or inadequately treated hypothyroidism carries the risk of potential complications such as prolonged unconsciousness, hypotension, hypoventilation, hyponatremia, precipitation of congestive heart failure, cardiopulmonary arrest and myxedema coma. In addition, these patients have an impaired ability to excrete free water. Therefore, careful attention must be devoted to fluid and electrolyte management to prevent fluid retention and edema. We experienced a case of acute pulmonary edema during emergence from anesthesia in a patient with cured hypothyroidism. The pulmonary edema was completely resolved with ICU care on the 5th postoperative day. We conclude that surgery in the patient with hypothyroidism require thyroid hormone replacement therapy, careful monitoring and management for the cardiovascular status.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Coma ; Edema ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Failure ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Hypotension ; Hypothyroidism* ; Hypoventilation ; Myxedema ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Thyroid Gland ; Unconsciousness ; Water

In order to prepare the fundamental data for preventing the hazardous effects at toluene exposure in many kinds of industry, the authors determined the level of urinary hippuric acid on 592 toluene exposed women(exposed group) and 102 unexposed women(control group) in Pusan area, from April 1 to October 31, 1986. Hippuric acid was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was 0.44+/-0.21g/l(0.11-0.89g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 2. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the exposed group was 1.56+/-0.95g/l(0.44-4.57g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 3. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by age group was not statistically significant in the control group, but in the exposed the urinary hippuric acid concentration was highest in women between 20-29 years old(1.71+/-0.95g/l) and was statistically significant(p<0.01). 4. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by duration of working hours was not statistically significant(p>0.1).
Busan ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Toluene*

BACKGROUND: Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is a very effective therapy in cardiac arrest, it is hard to prove the true effectiveness of CPR. Several studies about out-of-hospital and emergency department CPR exist, but only a few reports about in-hospital CPR are available. This study was designed to investigate in-hospital cardiac arrest, to analyze the result of CPR, and to evaluate the problems associated with in-hospital CPR. METHODS: A clinical analysis of 71 cases of in-hospital CPR announcement from January 2000 to August 2000 was performed. The initial rhythm on cardiac arrest, return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), and the survivals were analyzed in the case of the 46 true cardiac arrest patients. RESULTS: During 8 months, there were 71 cases of in-hospital CPR announcement. Among them, there were 46 cases of true cardiac arrest and 25 cases of non-cardiac arrest. Of the 46 true cardiac-arrest cases, 27(58.7%) experienced ROSC, 15(32.6) survived for over 24 hours, and 7(15.2%) survived to be discharged. The initial rhythms on cardiac arrest were 30 cases(65.2%) of asystole, 14(30.4%) of PEA(pulseless electrical activity), and 2(4.3%) of ventricular fibrillation, with ROSC being 17 cases(56.7%), 9(64.3%) and 1(50.0%) cases and discharged survivors being 4 cases(13.3%), 3(21.4%) and 0(0.0%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extraordinarily high proportions of asystole and PEA were seen in the initial rhythm of cardiac arrest, and those were associated with high survival rates. Although further study is needed to evaluate the course leading to this high proportion of asystole and PEA, this result suggests that if the EMS system in the hospital is activated promptly and systematically, a better outcome will be achieved in case of cardiac arrest with asystole and PEA.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Peas ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Tertiary Care Centers* ; Ventricular Fibrillation

In order to evaluate the status of cold exposure and its health hazards of workers at cold storage workplaces and to provide basic data for effective health care, the author measured core temperature and also observed clinical symptoms and signs, past and present history, and general health examination data on 99 cold exposed workers for exposure group and 96 non-exposed workers for control group working at 2 food refrigerating companies in Pusan area from January 6, 1998 to February 24, 1998. The results were as follows : 1. There was statistically significant difference in water intake between the exposure and control group and increased urine volume, urine frequency in exposure group without statistically significant difference. 2. Past and present illness in exposure group were hypertension (18.2%), hepatopathy(8. 1%). gastro-intestinal disease(7. 1%). arthritis (4.0%), intervertebral disc herniation(4.0%). and so on, and hypertension, arthritis was statistically significant difference compared to control group. 3. Symptoms inexposure group were. fatigue(89.9%), headache (64.6%), drowsy(63.6%), neck stiffness(59.6%), excessive food intake (59.6%). general weakness(58.6%), hunger(58. 6%), numbness(54. 5%), and so on, and there was statistically significant difference between the exposure and control group except fatigue, drowsy. 4. As results of clinical test abnormality rate of the systolic, diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram were significantly higher in exposed group that control. 5. Core temperature in exposure group was statistically significantly lower than control group and the highest statistically significant inverse correlation with the working hours and working frequency of daily mean cold storage. As above results, the author suggested that the further studies should be conducted to evaluate the health status of workers about chronic health effects in cold workplaces and to establish effective health care methods for them.
Arthritis ; Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drinking ; Eating ; Electrocardiography ; Fatigue ; Headache ; Hypertension ; Intervertebral Disc ; Neck

PURPOSE:Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) is now recognized as a distinct syndrome in adults. The seizure evolution in adult patients is well characterized, manifesting initially with an aura, behavioral arrest, automatism, and secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In contrast, relatively few studies are available for the pediatric age group. In the present study, we investigated children undergoing temporal lobectomy for refractory seizures and correlated the pathologic findings with clinical presentations. METHODS:The records of the pediatric patients admitted at the Seoul National Children's Hospital for epilepsy surgery between January 1995 and December 2005 were reviewed. Then, eighteen patients were included in this study. The clinical records were reviewed in terms of the patient profiles imaging findings, surgical techniques, and pathologic findings. The seizure outcomes were described according to the Engel's classification. RESULTS:The postsurgical outcomes were favorable. Lateral temporal epilepsy was more common in childhood than in adulthood. Dual pathology was commonly found. Arm dystonia or tonic arm elevation have a lateralizing value. Head turning may have a lateralizing value based upon a time sequence. The brain MRI was less predictable for pathologic findings. The ictal EEG cannot always have a localizing value. Delta beginning in the ictal rhythm may suggest lateral lobe epilepsy. Anterior temporal beginning of the ictal location may suggest mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Ganglioglioma tends to cause rhythmic beta activities at the beginning of the ictal event. CONCLUSION:TLE in childhood shows more complex and atypical clinical manifestations and have more variable etiologies. No single presurgical investigation can be a good predictable value to localization or lateralization.
Adult ; Arm ; Automatism ; Brain ; Child ; Classification ; Dystonia ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Ganglioglioma ; Head ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathology ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Temporal Lobe*

The operative treatment of hydrocephalus has been quite challenging to neurosurgeon, because so many kinds of complications were stirred by the procedure even though the operative technique has been steadily improved. All the more they were hardly managed with ease. In the paper, the authors trix to analyze post-shunt complications of 64 patients seen frm 1980 to 1987, to find out any precipitating factors of the complications and to suggest the way to overcome the factors. The rate of post-shunt complication was 31.5%, and the most common complications were shunt malfunction(14.1%), subdural fluid accumulation(10.9%) and infection(9.4%).
Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Precipitating Factors