No abstract available.
Danazol* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

Adjuvants can be defined as pharmacological and immunological components that are able to modify and/or enhance antigen-specific immune responses. Based on the interdisciplinary research between immunology and material science/engineering, various vaccine adjuvant materials have been developed. By rational design and engineering of antigen or adjuvant materials, immune-modulatory vaccine systems generated to activate immune system. Here, we review the current progress of bioengineered prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccine adjuvant for cancer and/or infectious disease, and discuss the prospect of future vaccine adjuvant materials.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Allergy and Immunology ; Communicable Diseases* ; Immune System ; Immunomodulation ; Immunotherapy*

Endometriosis has been known as the benign malignancy which encompasses the unpredictable clinical symptoms and signs with formidable personal morbidity. There are many unresolved controversies in terms of the management of endometriosis with the innate chronic gynecologic disease. In many cases of endometriosis patients, the diagnosis might be delayed without the appropriate clinical concerns. Furthermore, the superficial endometriotic lesions will progress into the deeply infiltrating lesions. The malignant transformation such as endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers can be occurred without the adequate surgical removal of ovarian endometriosis. Deeply infiltrating lesions can invade into the vital organs such as ureter, rectum, bladder, and peripheral nerves. These inappropriate clinical evaluation and management will eventually leave the persistent endometeriotic lesions in the female pelvis and these will cause chronic relentless incapacitating pain. These situations will decrease the quality of life in the endometriosis patients. Therefore the liberal use of laparoscopic surgery should be introduced in the clinically suspicious endometriosis patients and the long-term intervention should be provided to avoid recurrences and long-term complications of endometriosis.
Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pelvis ; Peripheral Nerves ; Quality of Life ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of vertical deviation in the intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Fifty consecutive intermittent exotropes over age of 5 were prospectively studied. Patients with any significant ocular and neurologic abnormalities or orbital anatomic abnormalities, definite oblique dysfunction with A or V pattern were excluded. Ophthalmologic evaluation included visual acuity, ocular movements, measurements of angle of deviation by prism cover test, Bielschowsky head tilt test, stereoacuity test, and fundus observation for torsion by indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: We found that 27 children(54%) had concomitant hypertropia in primary position. Mean amount of hypertropia was 4.81 PD(range: 2~20 PD). Thirty nine children(78%) showed positive Bielschowsky head tilt test. No objective torsion was observed. No inferior oblique overaction was found except for only 2 patients. All subjects had good visual acuity and stereopsis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of vertical deviation in the intermittent exotropia is much higher than expected. All of the vertical deviations show positive Bielschowsky head tilt test.
Depth Perception ; Exotropia* ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Orbit ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: In management of osteoporosis, several concerns here have been raised. The current issue included the utilization of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fracture-risk assessment (FRAX), screening of vitamin D deficiency and secondary osteoporosis, and long-term use of bisphosphonate and calcium supplements. There was no study on physicians' attitude on these current issues in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the physicians' attitude on these issues by survey. METHODS: We administered a 30-item questionnaire to all members of Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research by email survey form. One hundred participants answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire included the questions about the physicians' attitude to current issues and the barriers to osteoporosis treatment in Korea. RESULTS: Most physicians used bone densitometry devices (99%) and, central DXA was the most accessible device (95%). Eighty-eight percent were aware of FRAX(R), but among them, only 19.3% used it. The main reason for not using FRAX(R) was the lack of time in their proactive (76%). Screening for vitamin D status and secondary osteoporosis was performed by 59% and 52% of the respondents, respectively. The lack of awareness among patients and high costs of medication were perceived as the most important barriers to osteoporosis management in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides physicians' perspective to the current issue for diagnostic and treatment of osteoporosis in Korea. To further improve osteoporosis management, educational programs for patients and doctors, and the improvement of reimbursement system should be considered in Korea.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Calcium ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Densitometry ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Osteoporosis* ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency

Total knee arthroplasty of Sledge type is difficult to perform successfully in severely damaged knee that has poor bone-stock and ligament instability. High rate of loosening has be.en found in total hinge type and kinematic rotating hinge type, so we considered use of tibia rotating prosthe,,is that allows motion with stability would be a good option. The indications of this type are severe varus deformity, bone loss, incompetent ligament, or revision. We studied 67 cases of total knee arthroplasty using Endo Model rotating total knee arthroplasty (WALDEMAR LINK GmbH & Co. Germany), which had been performed from January, 1991 to June, 1994. Thirty knees out of 67 cases were degenerative osteoarthritis, 15 posttraumatic arthritis, 11 rheumatoid arthritis, 5 revision arthroplasty, 2 sequelae of pyogenic arthritis, etc. Thirteen knees out of 67 cases had patellar resurfacement. Twenty-six out of 67 cases had bone graft. Using the Knee Rating Score of Hospital for Special Surgery, 3S were excellent and 2 l good.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Osteoarthritis ; Tibia ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To compare T2-weighted MR cholangiography (T2-MRC) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRC (enhanced T1-MRC) in the assessment of biliary anatomy in donor candidates for living related liver transplantation (LRLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three potential donors underwent MR examination for preoperative evaluation. Using the single-shot half-Fourier RARE sequence, T2-weighted single-section and coronal images were obtained, and enhanced T1-MRC was performed, using 3D GRE sequences after the administration of mangafodifir trisodium. To assess the hilar ductal branching pattern and determine diagnostic confidence, two reviewers first evaluated the unpaired T2-MRC and enhanced T1-MRC images, and then paired T2-MRC and enhanced T1-MRC images together. In particular, in 12 cases in which direct cholangiographys were performed, the feasibility of single duct-to-duct anastomosis was assessed using the unpaired and the paired sets sequentially. RESULTS: The reviewers' confidence tended to be higher for enhanced T1-MRC than T2-MRC, but the difference was not statistically significant. For both reviewers, confidence was significantly higher for the paired set than for T2- or enhanced T1-MRC alone (p < .001). The types of biliary anatomy determined in the paired set matched the consensus reading in 33 (100%) and 30 cases(91%) assessed by reviewer 1 and 2, respectively. The separate interpretation of T2- and enhanced T1-MRC findings matched the consensus interpretation in 30 (91%) and 28 cases (85%), respectively, assessed by reviewer 1, and 26 (79%) and 28 cases (85%), respectively, assessed by reviewer 2. The possibility of single anastomosis was accurately predicted in 91.6% of cases in T2-MRC, and 100% at enhanced T1-MRC and the combined set. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of the biliary anatomy of potential donors for LRLT, the combined use of T2-MRC and enhanced T1-MRC may improve diagnostic confidence and decrease the occurrence of a non diagnostic or equivocal interpretation at T2-MRC alone.
Adult* ; Cholangiography* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Tissue Donors*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Insulin* ; Mice*