No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Fetal Development* ; Gestational Age*

No abstract available.
Fetal Development* ; Gestational Age*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen is a major regulator/modulator of bone metabolism, and bone loss in estrogen deficiency is associated with increased bone turnover, But the mechanism for estrogen action on bone metabolism is still unknown. Recent studies have suggested that the increase in bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency is mediated by increased paracrine production of bone resorbing cytokines. Among cytokines, 1nterleukin-6(IL-6) is released from osteoblasts in estrogen deficiency and increases bone resorption by stimulation of osteoclastic activities and recruitment. Thus we performed this study to evaluate the effect of ovariectomies on bone mineral density and IL-6 in cultured monocytes of peripheral blood and bone marrow. METHODS: The experimental animals were 13 female Sprague-Dawley rats that were 8 weeks of age and weighed an average of 188.5 gram at the beginning of the study. Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in all rats from a ventral approach. Bone mineral density(BMD) of the total body, spine and level of IL-6 of cultured monocytes of peripheral blood and bone marrow were measured before and 8 weeks after ovariectomy. RESULTS: 1) BMD of total body and spine were lower after ovariectomy(0.257+/-0.069g/cm2, 0,208+/-0.005g/cm2) than before ovariectomy (0.276+/-0.005g/cm2, 0.229+/-0.011g/cm2), respectively (P<0.01). 2) Although IL-6 level of cultured monocytes in peripheral blood tended to be higher after ovariectomy than before ovariectomy, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). 3) IL-6 level of cultured monocytes in bone marrow was higher after ovariectomy(82.78+/-4.99pg/ml) than before ovariectomy(48.85+/-2.42pg/ml)(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is possible that increased production of IL-6 in estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy occurs in the local environment of bone or bone marrow rather than in the pheripheral blood and stimulates bone resorption.
Animals ; Bone Density* ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Resorption ; Cytokines ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Metabolism ; Monocytes ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spine

No abstract available.
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Rectal Prolapse*

We examined a male infant with transient increase in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity. The 25-month-old infant was admitted to a local hospital because of pneumonia of unknown etiology. Initial laboratory investigation revealed a serum ALP of 11,260U/L, which was comparable to that of bone isoenzyme on the electrophoresis pattern, There was no evidence of hepatitis, skeletal or intestinal diseases. The hyperphosphatasemia disappeared 3 months later. We report a case of transient hyperphosphatasemia diagnosed inci- dentally in the course of management of pneumonia. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:856-860)
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Child, Preschool ; Electrophoresis ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Diseases ; Male ; Pneumonia

PURPOSE: Malignant disease of the anus is rare. Abdominoperineal resection was formerly considered to be the treatment of choice. But, in recent, less ablative and more effective combined therapeutic modalities have been developed. METHODS: we analyzed 33 patients who were diagnosed and treated as anal cancers at the Department of Surgery, Gospel Hospital, Kosin Medical Collage, from July 1, 1988 to Nov. 30, 1997. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 1.4:1 and mean age was 56.7 years old. Twenty-two (84.8%) of these cancers were located in the anal canal and 5 (15.2%) in the anal margin. Three main histologic types of the anal cancers were identified: squamous cell carcinoma was the most common lesion, accounted for 17 cases (51.1%), adenocarcinoma accounted for 8 cases (24.2%), malignant melanoma accounted for 8 cases (24.2%). The overall 3-year survival rate and 5-year survival rate of anal cancer were 54.1%, 41.7%. Eleven patients with squamous cell carcinoma were treated curatively: 6 patients were treated with chemoradiotherapy, 3 patients with abdominoperineal resection, one patient with chemoradiotherapy and abdominoperineal resection, one patient with local excision. CONCLUSION: In survival rate, there were no significant differences between chemoradiotherapy group and surgical treatment group. In squamous cell carcinomas, chemoradiotherapy had anal sparing benefit without loss of survival. On univariate analysis, T, N, type of treatment, histologic type had no statistical significances on survival. On multivariate analysis, location of lesion and distant metastasis had statistical significances.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anal Canal ; Anus Neoplasms* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Survival Rate

This study was performed to evaluate the clinical significance of SCC as a tumor marker in patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. We measured the serum levels of SCC by radioimmunoassay in patient with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix to determine the prognostic value, correlation with the presence of lymph node metastasis, response to treatment, and those value in the early detection of recurrence after treatment. The result was: 1) In 117 of 174 patients with cervical cancer, the pretreatment positive rate of SCC was 47.0%(57/117). In each stage, the stage Ia was 25.0%, Ib 26.3%, IIa 56.0%, 62.6%, III 57.1%, IV 100%, and the recurrent case was 37.5%. 2) In 79 of 174 patients with cervical cancer, the pretreatment positive rate of SCC was 44,0%(30/69) in no evidence of malignancy patients, but 60.0%(6/10) in recurrent or permanent patients(p>0.05), 3) In 133 of 174 patients with cervical cancer, the posttreatment positive rate of SCC was 2.6%(3/117) in no evidence of malignancy patients, but 50.0%(8/16) in recurrent or permanent patients(p<0.05). 4) In 48 patients of 174 with cervical cancer who underwent radical hystrectomy, the positive rate of SCC was 71.4%(5/7) in pelvic lymph node positive patients but 19,5%(8/41) in pelvic lymph node negative patients(p<0.05). We concluded that the pretreatment SCC level was not effective as a prognostic value, but well correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis, and serial measurements of serum levels of SCC provided a reliable clue for early detection of recurrence or progression of disease, so it may be useful for monitoring cervical carcinoma patient.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Recurrence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms