Objective Isoflurane preconditioning has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.The purpose of this study was to investigate if isoflurane inhalation during reperfusion hasany protective effects.Methods Fourty-two SD rats weighing 318-365 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham group(n=6),control group(n=18)and isoflurane group(n=18).Control group and isoflurane groupwere further divided into 10,15 and 20 rain ischernia subgroups(subgroup A,B,C,n=6).In isoflurane group1.4% isoflurane in air was inhaled immediately after reperfusion was started for 30 min.Two days before theexperiment the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg~(-1).Microdialysis catheterwas inserter into right hippocampns using stereotactic technique and fixed.BIS microelectrodes were placed in thebrain.Vertebral arteries were permanendy occluded by electric coagulation.Bilateral common carotid arteries wereexposed and atranmatic sutures were placed around them.Globol cerebral ischemia was produced by tighteningcarotid sutures and maintained for 10,15 or 20 min(subgroup A,B,C).Cerebral iscbemia was confirmed by lossof righting reflex,dilated pupils,loss of light reflex,BIS=0 and isoelectric potential on EEG.Carotid sutureswere then released for reperfusion.Isoflurane inhalation was started right after the beginning of reperfusion andmaintained for 30 min.Neurologlc outcome was assessed by motor performance according to Combs(0-10,0=severe dysfunction,10=no dysfunction)at 24 h,48 h and 72 h of reperfusion.Microdialysis samples werecollected before during and 0-15,15-30,30-45 and 45-60 min after ischemia for determination of glutamateconcentration.Three days after ischemia the animals were sacrificed and brains were removed for microscopicexamination of hippocampns CA1 region.The number of apoptotic(TUNEL positive)neurons were counted and thepercentage(the number of TUNEL positive neurons/the total number of neurons)was calculated.Results Theglutamate content in hippocampus was significantly lower in isoflurane group than in control group duringreperfusion(P

Enteral Nutrition ; methods ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Probiotics ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sepsis ; mortality ; prevention & control

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

Objective To explore the biological characteristics and karyotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and hematopoietic sup- port of MSCs.Methods MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of 11 SLE patients and 6 healthy controls by density centrifugation and adhesive culture in vitro.The surface markers were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The morphological changes of MSCs were observed in primary and passage cultures.The growth curves were assayed.The karyotype of MSCs was detected by blocking cellular mitosis with colchicines.The MSCs from SLE patients and healthy controls were infused to ICR mice after high-dose chemotherapy.The changes of peripheral blood counts of the mice were recorded.Results Approximately(6～9)?10~9 MSCs from SLE were obtained after 5 passages and their growth was slower than normal controls(P＜0.01).Both groups were positive for CD29,CD44 and CD105,and negative for CD14,CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR.MSCs from SLE had a normal karyotype.MSCs infusions of the two groups were accompanied by no adverse event and the recovery of white blood cell,hemoglobin and platelet count was quicker when compared with the controls(P＜0.05).Conclusion MSCs from SLE have demonstrated abnormalities in expansion in vitro.MSCs from SLE have a normal karyotype.Ex vivo MSCs infusion from SLE patients can support hematopoiesis as normal MSCs.

Twelve anaerobic fungal strains isolated from rumen and faeces of ruminants were screened for xylanase prodution. Isolate A4 strain identified as Neocallimastix had the highest xylanase activity among all isolates. With rice straw, corn straw , peanut straw and filter paper as fermentation substrates, the activities of xylanase by A4 were14.31 U/mL, 11.39 U/mL, 6.99 U/mL, 13.38 U/mL, respectively. The effect of cell-free rumen fluid and yeast extract on xylanase production was tested. The results showed that the concentration level of cell-free rumen fluid had no significant effect on xylanase production. However as yeast extract concentration decreased from 1.0 g/L to 0,5 g/L , the enzyme activity decreased significantly ( P

A case of invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast is presented with fine need- le aspiration cytologic features. The aspiration was performed from a papable 2.0cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast in a 53 year-old woman. The aspirate showed cellular smear composed of larger three dimensional tight clusters, smaller monolayered loose clusters, and many individual cells on the clean background. In the clusters, the tumor cells were bordering central lumina, quite similar to the cribriform in histology. The tumor cells in the clusters and individual tumor cells had uniform, small and round nuclei. The chromatin was finely granular, and nuclear membrane was smooth. No discernible nucleoli were present (nuclear grade 1-2). Unless the abundance of individual cells and the cribriform growth pattern are recognized in the smear, the cytologic diagnosis of invasive cribriform carcinoma is difficult.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

So-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm which usually presents with a coin lesion detected through routine chest X-ray. We report two cases showing characteristic cytologic appearances which have been rarely reported. Both cases were young females with coin lesions in the lung. Fine needle aspiration of each case revealed unique but some different cytologic features. Case 1 showed bland-looking polygonal epithelial cells resembling bronchioloalveolar cells having pre- dominantly papillary configurations with loosely arranged solid sheets or isolated cells. Cytoplasms were plump, cyanophilic, and finely granular, with eccentric nuclei, The nuclei were usually monotonous, round-to-ovoid, and vesicular with a small but conspicuous nucleolus. In comparison to case 1, case 2 revealed largely loose pavement-like solid sheets or clusters rather than papillary patterns in the hemorrhagic background. The size of tumor cells were a little smaller than that of case 1. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of metastatic origin were considered to be one of the important differential diagnoses with these cytologic features. Histologically, both cases exhibited findings compatible with so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Lung ; Numismatics ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma ; Renal Insufficiency* ; Thorax

Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum is a very rare malignant tumor, usually affecting young adolescents, and its histologic findings are characteristic as that of gonadal germ cell origin. We describe the cytologic finding of fine needle aspiration of mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor in a 19-year-old male patient, comparing with tissue section. The tumor cells in smears were usually in tight clusters with large overlapping cells, which were arranged in a papillary or microacinar pattern, suggesting carcinoma. The tumor cells were large, round or oval with a small amount of cytoplasm which was occasionally vacuolated and had indistinct border. The nuclei were large, pleomorphic, and vesicular with large promi- nent nucleoli. The tissue sections showed typical findings of endodermal sinus tumor. Careful correlation of cytological findings and the serum alpha-fetoprotein level would be helpful to confirm the diagnosis.
Adolescent ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Clonorchiasis ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Dietary Proteins* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Giant Cells ; Gonads ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Gland ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux* ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of the extract of Chrysanthemum Indicum(CI)on the expression of tumor necro-sis factor-α (TNF-α) and neutrophil function in chronic bronchitis (CB)rats and to explore the therapeutic mechanism for chronic bronchitis. Methods The extract of CI was prepared. Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, Chuanxiling group, and low-, middle-and high-dose CI extract groups. Rat model of CB was established by intratracheal injection with low-dose lipopolysaccharide. After drug intervention, the expression of TNF-α in rat serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was detected by ELISA method. Phagocytic function of the neu-trophil and respiratory burst of the rats were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Compared with the blank con-trol group, the phagocytic function of the neutrophil, respiratory burst of the rats, and the expression of TNF-α in rat serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the model group were increased significantly. CI extract significantly decreased the abnormal rising of the above indexes. Conclusion Down-Regulation of TNF-α expression, and decrease of the neutrophil phagocytic function and rat respiratory burst may be one of the therapeutic mechanisms of Chrysanthemum In-dicum extract for the treatment of CB.

Objective To investigate the disease situation of adult carotid atherosclerosis in water-related endemic fluorosis areas in Heilongjiang province in 2008 so as to explore the relationship between water-related endemic fluorosis and incidence of carotid atherosclerosis disease. Methods A total of 266 participants over the age of 40 from four villages in Zhaozhou county with water fluoride ≥ 1.0 mg/L in a fluorosis area and 283 residents over the age of 40 from four villages in Tailai county with water fluoride ＜ 1.0 mg/L in a nonfluorosis area were investigated. A portable-type B mode color ultrasound was used to examine the left carotid artery of all participants.The carotid atherosclerosis was diagnosed and graded through the ultrasonograms. Results The prevalence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in the 4 fluorosis villages(Xinfeng, Taipingshan, Baochan and Houzheng villages) were 47.3% (35/74), 63.5%(40/63), 73.3%(33/45) and 60.7%(51/84), respectively, and in the 4 nonfluorosis villages(Hala,Qianxing, Sanjia and Ailin villages) were 32.7% (17/52), 32.9% (24/73), 39.2% (31/79) and 30.4% (24/79),respectively. The prevalence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in every villages standardized by age were 47.3% ,63.5%,73.3% ,60.7% and 34.7% ,36.3% ,43.0% ,41.3%, respectively. Statistic method used was Wilcoxon two sample test and the differences were significant(T = 26, P ＜ 0.05 ). Total carotid atherosclerosis positive rate standardized by age in the 4 fluorosis villages was significantly higher than that in the 4 nonfluorosis villages[57.5%(153/266) ,37.8% (107/283), x2 = 21.36, P ＜ 0.01 ]. After standardized by age, the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was significantly different between fluorosis villages and nonfluorosis villages (x2 = 36.15, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The prevalence rate of carotid atherosclerosis in endemic fluorosis area is higher than that in nonfluorosis area.