No abstract available.
Encephalitis*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis*

No abstract available.
Apoptosis ; Erythropoietin* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Cholangiocarcinoma ; Hepatectomy

We wish to report 8 cages of calyceal diverticula which were diagnosed tentatively among cases of I.V.P. during the period from January 1965 to December 1971 at St. Mary's Hospital. There were 5 male and 3 female patients. The right kidney was involved in all patients The upper calyx was involved in 6 patients and the middle calyx in 2 patients. Lumbar or abdominal pain was present in 5 patients. 1 of the 8 patients had undergone appendectomy with removal of a norma1 appendix prior to diagnosis.Pyuria were found in 3 patients and one patient had single stone within the diverticulum.
Abdominal Pain ; Appendectomy ; Appendix ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male

Metformin is widely marketed medication for the treatment of diabetes, but its pharmacological effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains unclear. In this study, the effect of metformin on peripheral nerves in diabetic rats was investigated using diverse neuronal parameters of nerve fibers.

BACKGROUND: Childhood myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) is a heterogenous disease complex which has characteristics of cytopenia in one or more hemopoietic cell lines in peripheral blood and of dysmorphisms of hemopoietic precursors in bone marrow, but quite different from adult one. We experienced 22 patients with childhood myelodysplastic syndrome during 9 years from 1987 to 1995 in the Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Pusan, Korea and performed a clinical study about them to analyze the clinical and hematological features and treatment outcome retrospectively. METHOD: We analyzed their clinical features including age and sex distribution, chief complaints and physical findings on first admission, distribution of subtypes, hematologic features including initial hemoglobin, total WBC and platelet count, and treatment outcome including leukmic transformation and prognostic scores. RESULTS: 1) Of the total 22 patients, 10 were in 0-4 years of age on first admission, 8 in 5-9, and 4 above 10 years of age. The male : female sex ratio was 2.1 : 1. 2) Of the 22 patients, chief complaints on first admission were bleeding tendency in 9 patients(40.9%), pallor in 8(36.4%) and fever in 3(13.6%), in order, and physical findings on first admission were purpura or ecchymoses in 17(77.3%), anemia in 15(68.2%) and hepatosplenomegaly in 8(36.4%), in order. 3) Hematologic findings on first admission were as follows : hemoglobin levels were below 3 g/dl in 1 patient(4.5%), 3-6 g/dl in 10(45.5%), and 6-9 g/dl in 11(50.0%). Initial WBC counts were below 5,000/mm3 in 13 patients(59.1%), 5,000-10,000/mm3 in 5(22.7%) and above 10,000/mm3 in 4(18.2%). Initial platelet counts were below 20,000/mm3 in 10(45.5%), 20,000-50,000/mm3 in 5(22.7%), 50,000-100,000/mm3 in 5(22.7%) and above 100,000/mm3 in 2(9.1%). 4) Of the 22 patients, 12 patients(54.6%) were RA type, 1(4.6%) RAS, and 3(13.6%) RAEB, RAEB-T and JCML types, respectively. 5) According to prognostic scores by Mufti et al(1986), none were in 'good' group, 17 patients(89.5%) in 'intermediate' group with 39.5 months of mean duration of survival(range 4-95 months) and 2(10.5%) in 'poor' group with 18 months of mean duration of surviral(range 17-19) until the last follow-up. However, the subtypes and clinical status seemed not to be related to the prognostic scores. 6) Sixteen patients were treated with low dose cytosine arabinoside(10 mg/m2/12hrs), of whom 7 patients gained long-standing event-free survival, whose treatment regimen was changed to oral 6-TG about 2 years later. All 3 of JCML were treated with A-Triple-V regimen, one of whom was died of sepsis, one was transformed into AML and died of sepsis, while the remained one gained long-standig event-free survival (62 months). 7) Leukemic transformation into AML occured in 7 patients(RA 1, RAEB 2, RAEB-T 3, JCML 1), 6 of whom were dead, while one gained long-standing event-free survival of 34 months. CONCLUSION: We concluded that RA was the most dominant type among our patients, and the frequency to transform into AML was 31,8%, and 31.9% of the patients had long-term survival, and that reliability of prognostic scoring system by Mufti et al(1986) was not high.
Adult ; Anemia ; Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts ; Bone Marrow ; Busan ; Cell Line ; Cytosine ; Disease-Free Survival ; Ecchymosis ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Pallor ; Pediatrics ; Platelet Count ; Purpura ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Ratio ; Treatment Outcome

Cytokeratins are a family of polypeptides of intermediate filaments which in diverse epithelia are expressed in diffeent, yet specific combinations. To evaluate the diagnostic value of keratin, immunohistochemical staining was done in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic tissues by PAP and StreptABC methods. The antiserum for cytokeratin in monoclonal antibody which gives the specificity for 40, 46, 50, 52, 56, 58, and 65-67 Kd keratin classes. The results are as follows: 1) The staining was positive for cytokeratin in all of the squamous epithelium, ductular epithelial cells of various glands, respiratory and urinary tract epithelium, and mesothelial cells. 2) No staining for cytokeratin was ovserved in respiratory alveolar epithelium, acinar cells of various glands, renal glomeruli, hepatocytes, and many mesoderm-derived tissues such as muscle, hematopoieitc and lymphoid tissues, nerve, bone, cartilage, and fibroblasts. 3) Squamous cell carcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, mesotheliomas, and some of the adenocarcinomas (stomach, colon, uterine cervix, biliary tract and breast) exhibited positive staining for cytokeratin. Epithelial cells of thymoma, adenomatoid tumor, plemorphic adenoma of salivary gland, papillary carcinoma of thyroid, lymphoepithelioma, and craniopharyngioma were also positive. 4) Some of the adenocarcinomas (prostate and pancreas), renal cell carcinoma, ovarian stromal and germ cell tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and mesoderm-derived tumors including malignant lymphoma were uniformly negative for staining. 5) From the above results, the immunohistochemical study in paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal antibody for cyto keratin may be useful to differentiate various tumors, especially in differential of hepatocellular carcinoma from bile duct adenocarcinoma, lymphoepithelioma and other undifferentiated carcinomas from lymphoma, thymoma from lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma from melanoma. It will be helpful in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma in which the differentiation from renal cell carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma be difficult.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

The authors have made a CD-ROM titled 'Atlas of Pathology (AP)' for medical students to understand histopathologic findings with ease. We used a 35 mm film scanner to convert an existing file into digital images. A pathologist and two professional programmers collaborated to create the program 'AtlasMaster 1.0' based on (IBM) PC for organization of previously captured digital images. Minimum system requirement for the 'AP' was Pentium II 166 MHz, 32 MB RAM, Windows 95 or 98, 800 600 resolution, 16-bit color, 20 speed CD-ROM drive. The 'AP' was composed of a execution file (Pathology_Atlas.exe), a DB file (pathology.mdb), and reference files (*.bmp, *.jpg, *.txt). The DB file contained fields for chapter, section, disease entity, and information for location of reference files. About 1,000 color images for various kinds of gross and microscopic pictures were stored in the CD-ROM and those were classified according to the chapters, sections, and disease entities. The 'AP' was easy to manipulate, and had advantages of self-learning for students. It could be applied to other fields in which many images were dealt with, such as histology, radiology, endoscopy, dermatology, and plastic surgery. The 'AP' was handy and very useful for medical students to study pathology and it would be a powerful self-learning tool.
CD-ROM* ; Dermatology ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Pathology ; Students, Medical* ; Surgery, Plastic

Pathologists play an important role in proper evaluation of endoscopically removed polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. This study is purposed to reclassify the polyps and review the clinicopathologic features of each histologic subtypes and their malignant potential. Our material consists of total 345 gastrointestinal polyps obtained from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1987. The results are as follows: 1) A total of 345 gastrointestinal polyps was removed from stomach is 151 cases, from colon in 180 cases, and from small intestine in 14 cases. 2) Hyperplastic polyps were the most common type of polyps I stomach (53.6%) whereas neoplastic polyps were the most common in colon (56.1%). 3) Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach occur in any age after the 3rd decade of life and neoplastic polyps predominantly developed between the 5th and 8th decades. Juvenile retention polyps were frequently noted before the 3rd decade of age. 4) Approximately 267 cases (77.4%) of patients had a single polyp and the remainders had multiple polyps. The gastric polyps were usually located at the antrum and the colonic polyps were at the sigmoid colon and rectum. 5) Epithelial atypia was exclusively noted in the neoplastic polyps of stomach (72.7%) and colon (72.3%). Malignancy in the polyp was observed in the neoplastic polyps only (13 cases). 6) Different types of polyp may occur in the same organ.