No abstract available.
Encephalitis*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis*

Adult ; Cartilage ; surgery ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Esthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; surgery ; Tympanoplasty ; methods

Tutorial System is beneficial to improving the general disposition of undergraduate students,forming better learning atmosphere,enhancing the scientific research ability,broadening the pathway of contacting society,developing students' cognitive ability,and strengthening employment instructive work.Tutorial system for undergraduate students has been carried out for 4 years in our military medical university.After finding some problems of the work,making a summary of the beneficial experience and analyzing the cause of problems,we try to put forward some suggestions and take some optimization measures.

Objective To investigate the specific application of ergonomics for design of operation field in sanitary train. Methods The use of ergonomics theory, the layout of operation field, personnel operating capacity, environmental comfort and operation security were analyzed, surveyed and discussed. Results The principles and guidelines for design of opera- tion field in sanitary train were proposed in order to make full development the efficiency of "operator-equipment-environ- ment" mode. Conclusion The application of ergonomics for design of operation field in sanitary train can be improved the rationality of the layout of field of operation, environmental comfort and work efficiency.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complications of the retina,retinal vascular smooth muscle cells of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK) is a major factor in regulating vasomotor and hemodynamic.Currently,functional changes of BK channel in retinal artery smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and its role in DR were rarely reported.Objective This study was to investigate the early vascular damage mechanisms in DR by detecting the changes of BK channels current,calcium concentration and open probability (NP0) of BK channel with different calcium concentration in RASMCs of normal and diabetic rats.Method Fifty SPF SD 8-12 weeks old rats were randomly divided into normal control group and diabetic model group.Forty diabetic rats was intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin to form type 1 diabetic model,10 rats (the normal control group) were injected sodium citrate solution with the same manner.Fluorescent probe was applied to detect calcium concentration in rat RASMCs;RASMCs were isolated by using enzyme digestion,and BK-channel electric currents and calcium concentrations in the RASMCs were measured by whole-cell patch clamp technique and fluorescence assay,respectively.The NP0 of BK channel was measured by single patch clamp technique.Results Diabetic models were successfully established in 36 rats with the success rate 90％.When stimulation voltage is greater than 60 mV,the current density of BK channel in RASMCs of diabetic model group decreased;when stimulating voltage was 100 mV,the BK channel currents of RASMCs in the normal control group and diabetic model group were (100±23) PA/PF and (50 ± 7) PA/PF,the difference was statistically significant (t =19.80,P ＜ 0.05).After adding specific BK channel blocker African scorpion toxin 100 nmol,the BK channel current in the normal control group significantly reduced,and that in the diabetes model group was not significantly changed;the calcium ion concentrations in RASMCs were (123±11)nmol/L and (255± 10)nmol/L in the normal control group and diabetic model group,the difference was statistically significant (t =32.50,P＜0.05).When stimulation voltage was 60 mV,with increasing calcium ion concentration,the NP0 of BK channel increased (F =15.28,P＜0.05).Conclusions The electric current and NP0 of BK-channel are obviously reduced and the calcium concentration is evidently elevated in RASMCs of diabetic rats,suggesting that the abnormal of BK-channel is probably one of the important causes of retinal artery abnormal contraction in diabetic rats.

AIM: To observe the effect of combined goniosynechialysis in treating absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy.
METHODS:Phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis was performed on 16 patients ( 16 eyes ) with absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy, and they were followed up for 6 ~12mo, The postoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and anterior chamber depth, preoperative and postoperative medication types (quantity), preoperative and postoperative 1 month's status of anxiety and depression, symptoms of ocular surface were observed. RESULTS: The IOP decreased significantly after phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis. The mean IOP was 35. 00±15. 43mmHg preoperatively, and it was 12. 00±6. 69mmHg, 15. 00±4. 26mmHg and 15. 3±5.2mmHg on 1d, 6 and 12mo after the surgery. The statistic difference was found between preoperative and postoperative (t=6. 22, P<0. 05). The anterior chamber depth was 1. 45 ± 0. 19mm before the surgery, and increased to 3. 37±0. 13mm after the surgery (t=6. 65, P<0. 05). After the surgery, 2 patients needed two kinds of drugs, 2 patients needed one kind of drug. After 12mo of follow-up, anxiety and depression status were improved in all 16 patients. Subjective discomfort symptoms of 16 patients such as eye bilges, eye pain were relieved. All of the patients' eyeballs were preserved, and no serious complications.
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis in treating absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy is a safe and effective surgical option.

0.05)respectively,when the whole radiotherapy was finished,the CR was 53.3% and 25.8%(P

Background and purpose:Somatostatin receptors have been found in a variety of tumors and are therefore amenable to treatment with somatostatin analogs, like octreotide. However, the study of SSTRs expression has been rarely studied in nasopharyngeal cancer.We investigated the expression of somatostatin receptors gene subtypes in human nasopharyngeal cancer cell line CNE_ 2 . Methods:We have harvested cultured human nasopharyngeal cancer cell line CNE_ 2 . Using both techniques, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical assay, we analysed mRNA of different subtypes of somatostatin receptors in human nasopharyngeal cancer cell line CNE_ 2 .Results:The positive rate of somatostatin receptors subtype SSTR_ 1 SSTR_ 2 SSTR_ 4 was manifested in the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE_ 2 by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical assay. According to immunohistochemical assay, SSTR_ 1 and SSTR_ 2A showed strongly positive expression and SSTR_ 3 and SSTR_ 5 negative expression,respectively.Conclusions:There are more than one SSTR subtypes expressed in the human nasopharyndeal carcinoma cell line CNE_ 2 . This study demonstrated the presence of SSTR_1,SSTR_ 2 in the human nasopharyndeal carcinoma cell line CNE_ 2 .

Objective To study the effect of minielctrocholecystectomy(MEC) for gallbladder stone. Methods The clinical data of 4,200 cases(1991-2000) undergoing MEC were analysed restrospectively; the results of different operotors for the MEC were compared. Results All 4,200 cases were cured. Of them, 41 cases(0.98%) had serious complications, including intraoperative bleeding in 4 cases(0.09%), biliary tract injury in 18(0.43%); stress ulcer in 8(0.19%), and residual stones of biliary tract in 11(0.26%). Conclusions MEC has the following advantages: less trauma, short operation time, fast postoperative recovery and lower expense. The different operotors on MEC have distinguish difference in the results. It is important to preven the complications of MEC.