Funtional visual loss is the state of visual decrement without specific underlying organic causes. There had been no report in childhood in Korea. We reviewed the children's cases retrospectively to show the clinical characteristics that had been diagnosed functional visual loss. They visited one pediatric ophthalmologist in Seoul National University Hospital from August, 1988 to September, 1994. The numbers of the children who finally diagnosed in functional visual loss were sixteen, and the average age at diagnosis was 8.8 years. The prevalence was 1.04 % every year, and their chief compIaints wew binocular visual loss in 12 children, and monocular visual loss, unstable visual acuity, binocular visual loss with color sense abnormality, and binocular visual loss with strabismus in each 1 child. Their previous diagnosis before visiting our hospital was consisted of amblyopia in 11 children, optic atrophy in 1 child and retrobulbar neuritis in 1 child. Finally the 16 children proved to have normal visual acuity through fogging test using phoropter and their other problem also proved to be normal except one child who was anxiety disorder. We explained the state of patient to parent and did supportive therapy to the patient and parents. There were no recurrence of visual loss in our cases. As above the resuIts, functional visual loss in childhood was intended to diagnose to amblyopla or optlc neuropathy. So we should do careful examination not to waste efforts or costs.
Amblyopia ; Anxiety Disorders ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Neuritis ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Strabismus ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity ; Weather

No abstract available.
Leukoencephalopathies*

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with the use of neuroleptic agents. We describe the case of a 47-year-old schizophrenic woman who was treated with clozapine for years. The patient developed acute renal failure with pulmonary edema, and underwent mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rhabdomyolysis

We investigated the effect of topical application of retimids on the corneal neovascularization in the rat induced by chemical cauterization. The center of corneas of Wistar rats were Cauterized with a silver/potassium nitrate applicator for 5 seconds. And then they were treated topically with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2.0% all-trans retimids (retinol, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde) and dimethyl sulfoxide as a control four times a day. After appiications of eye drops for 5 days, each rat was kined and then perfused with a mixture of 11% gelatin 10% India ink-lactated Ringer's solution. Corneal flat preparation were made, and then the percent of the corneal area occupied by blood vessels were analized by computerized image analyzer. Percent vascularization of 0.1% and 0.2% retnoids were not significantly different from control group(p>0.05). Percent vascu1arization of 0.5% retinaldehyde and all 2.0% retnoids were significantly lower than the contml group(p>0.5). These naturally occurring retinoids were effective in antiarlgiogenesis of rat cornea at relatively high concentrations (>0.5%), when treated topicany, It will be necessary to further study on more potent antiangiogenic, at lower concentration, synthetic retimids for the treatment of angiogenic diseases.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Cautery ; Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Gelatin ; India ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

We investigated the effect of topical application of retimids on the corneal neovascularization in the rat induced by chemical cauterization. The center of corneas of Wistar rats were Cauterized with a silver/potassium nitrate applicator for 5 seconds. And then they were treated topically with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2.0% all-trans retimids (retinol, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde) and dimethyl sulfoxide as a control four times a day. After appiications of eye drops for 5 days, each rat was kined and then perfused with a mixture of 11% gelatin 10% India ink-lactated Ringer's solution. Corneal flat preparation were made, and then the percent of the corneal area occupied by blood vessels were analized by computerized image analyzer. Percent vascularization of 0.1% and 0.2% retnoids were not significantly different from control group(p>0.05). Percent vascu1arization of 0.5% retinaldehyde and all 2.0% retnoids were significantly lower than the contml group(p>0.5). These naturally occurring retinoids were effective in antiarlgiogenesis of rat cornea at relatively high concentrations (>0.5%), when treated topicany, It will be necessary to further study on more potent antiangiogenic, at lower concentration, synthetic retimids for the treatment of angiogenic diseases.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Cautery ; Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Gelatin ; India ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

Cataract in children is difficult to treat and may result in a permanent visual loss. Recently, advances of microsurgical techniques reduced the rate of postoperative complications and permanent visual loss. To know the results of treatment and the prognosis of cataract surgery in children, we retrospectively analyzed the hospital records according to the pre- and postoperative clinical factors and the surgical techniques in 266 eyes of 186 children who underwent cataract surgery with follow up of at least 3 months. The most common cause of cataract in children was congenital followed by persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV) and traumatic. Surgery was performed the earliest in PHPV. Eyes with complicated cataract showed better final visual acuity compared with congenital cataract. Final visual acuity of 0.5 or more was disclosed in 16.2% of congenital cataract, and was better in bilateral than in unilateral case. In bilateral cataract, the shorter the interval between surgeries in both eyes, the better was the final visual acuity achieved. The most common postoperative complication was posterior capsular opacity and this developed more often in irrigation and aspiration(I&A) group compared with I&A, posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy group. These results show us that a good visual outcome and relatively few postoperative complications can be found in cataract surgery in children, and the prognosis depends, however, on the cause of cataract, the time of surgery, surgical technique, interval between surgeries in both eyes and postoperative complications.
Cataract* ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of bears' bile on tumor cell p53 protein expression with different gene properties.

METHODSThe effects of bears' bile on the expression of p53 protein in 6 cancer cell strains were determined by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Results Western blot analysis showed that the expression of p53 protein in HaCaT, KUMA3, KUMA4 and KUMA6 cell strains with gene mutation were increased, but no change was found in HCT116 and KUMA5 cell strains without gene mutation. There was no quantitative change in p53 mRNA in all cell strains by analysis of p53 mRNA with

CONCLUSIONThe effects of bears' bile on p53 protein expression in cancer cell strains RT-PCR analysis system. could be different based on p53 gene properties,i. e. ,bears' bile only affect p53 protein of mutation type.

Animals ; Bile ; Biological Factors ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ursidae

PURPOSE: Perceived color of ceramics changes by the spectral power distribution of ambient light. This study aimed to quantify the amount of shifts in color and color coordinates of clinically simulated seven all-ceramics due to the switch of three ambient light sources using a human vision simulating spectroradiometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CIE color coordinates, such as L*, a* and b*,of ceramic specimens were measured under three light sources, which simulate the CIE standard illuminant D65 (daylight), A (incandescent lamp), and F9 (fluorescent lamp). Shifts in color and color coordinate by the switch of lights were determined. Influence of the switched light (D65 to A, or D65 to F9), shade of veneer ceramics (A2 or A3), and brand of ceramics on the shifts was analyzed by a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Shifts in color and color coordinates were influenced by three factors (P<.05). Color shifts by the switch to A were in the range of 5.9 to 7.7 DeltaE*abunits, and those by the switch to F9 were 7.7 to 10.2; all of which were unacceptable (DeltaE*ab > 5.5). When switched to A, CIE a* increased (Deltaa*: 5.6 to 7.6), however, CIE b* increased (Deltab*: 4.9 to 7.8) when switched to F9. CONCLUSION: Clinically simulated ceramics demonstrated clinically unacceptable color shifts according to the switches in ambient lights based on spectroradiometric readings. Therefore, shade matching and compatibility evaluation should be performed considering ambient lighting conditions and should be done under most relevant lighting condition.
Androsterone ; Ceramics ; Humans ; Light ; Lighting ; Reading ; Vision, Ocular

No abstract available.
Endothelial Cells* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans* ; Umbilical Veins*

A twenty-three year old korean officer was exposed accidentally to high-tension electric current(22,900 voltage). He lost consciousness for about three days. The point of entry was the palm area of the right hand and the point of exit was the lateral area of the right thigh. He sustained second and third degree burn on the exposed area and face, neck, anterior chest, abdomen, right thigh. He subsequently developed yellow-gray foveolar lesion and macular hole, cataract, and iritis with central visual-loss in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated the area of retinal pigment epithelial disruption. We suspected that it was electric current induced full-thickness macular hole, not photochemical macular hole, because his companion did not seeing a bright flash light and successively central visual loss.
Abdomen ; Burns ; Cataract ; Consciousness ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Friends ; Hand ; Humans ; Iritis ; Neck ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde ; Thigh ; Thorax