OBJECTIVES: In this study, the possibility of using existing test data provided in Korea and elsewhere for the registration of chemical substances was examined. Data on 510 chemical substances that are among the first subject to registration under the “Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (K-REACH)” were analyzed. METHODS: The possibility of using existing data from 16 reference databases was examined for 510 chemical substances notified in July 2015 as being subject to registration. RESULTS: Test data with the reliability required for the registration of chemical substances under the K-REACH constituted 48.4% of the required physicochemical characteristics, 6.5% of the required health hazards, and 9.4% of the required environmental hazards. CONCLUSIONS: Some existing test data were not within the scope of this research, including data used for registration in the European Union (EU). Thus, considering that 350 of these 510 species are registered in EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals, more test data may exist that can be utilized in addition to the data identified in this study. Furthermore, the K-REACH states that non-testing data (test results predicted through Read Across, Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationships) and the weight of evidence (test results predicted based on test data with low reliability) can also be utilized for registration data. Therefore, if methods for using such data were actively reviewed, it would be possible to reduce the cost of securing test data required for the registration of chemical substances.
European Union ; Korea

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the possibility of using existing test data provided in Korea and elsewhere for the registration of chemical substances was examined. Data on 510 chemical substances that are among the first subject to registration under the “Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (K-REACH)” were analyzed. METHODS: The possibility of using existing data from 16 reference databases was examined for 510 chemical substances notified in July 2015 as being subject to registration. RESULTS: Test data with the reliability required for the registration of chemical substances under the K-REACH constituted 48.4% of the required physicochemical characteristics, 6.5% of the required health hazards, and 9.4% of the required environmental hazards. CONCLUSIONS: Some existing test data were not within the scope of this research, including data used for registration in the European Union (EU). Thus, considering that 350 of these 510 species are registered in EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals, more test data may exist that can be utilized in addition to the data identified in this study. Furthermore, the K-REACH states that non-testing data (test results predicted through Read Across, Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationships) and the weight of evidence (test results predicted based on test data with low reliability) can also be utilized for registration data. Therefore, if methods for using such data were actively reviewed, it would be possible to reduce the cost of securing test data required for the registration of chemical substances.
European Union ; Korea

For the purpose of estimating the maximum absorption of riboflavin and thiamine from the intestine, large test doses of riboflavin and thiamine were administered orally to apparently normal male subjects, receiving normal Korean diets, and their maximum absorption were estimated by determining the excretion in urine. The maximum absorption of riboflavin and thiamine were estimated 10.700 and 3.800 mg. respectively.
Human ; Intestinal Absorption* ; Male ; Riboflavin/metabolism* ; Thiamine/metabolism*

Background: The relationship between cystitis glandularis (CG) and bladder malignancy remains unclear. Methods: We identified the oncologic significance of CG at the molecular level using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of 10 CG, 12 urothelial carcinoma (UC), and nine normal urothelium (NU) specimens. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on an analysis of variance false discovery rate < 0.05, and their functional enrichment was analyzed using a network model, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Ontology annotation. Results: We identified 9,890 proteins across all samples and 1,139 DEPs among the three entities. A substantial number of DEPs overlapped in CG/NU, distinct from UC. Interestingly, we found that a subset of DEP clusters (n = 53, 5%) was differentially expressed in NU but similarly between CG and UC. This “UC-like signature” was enriched for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy metabolism, growth and DNA repair, transport, motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell survival. Using the top 10 shortlisted DEPs, including SOD2, PRKCD, CYCS, and HCLS1, we identified functional elements related to ROS metabolism, development, and transport using network analysis. The abundance of these four molecules in UC/CG than in NU was consistent with the oncologic functions in CG. Conclusions Using a proteomic approach, we identified a predominantly non-neoplastic landscape of CG, which was closer to NU than to UC. We also confirmed a small subset of common DEPs in UC and CG, suggesting that altered ROS metabolism might imply potential cancerous risks in CG.

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Fluorescence* ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis*

Pathologic splenic rupture is an uncommon finding associated with a long list of pathologic conditions, including infectious diseases, hematologic diseases, metabolic disorders, drug therapy, primary and secondary benign or malignant splenic tumors, acute or chronic pancreatitis, collagen disorders pregnancy, and others. In this report, we present a case study of a pathologic splenic rupture caused by metastasis from a previously undiagnosed gastric carcinoma.
Collagen ; Communicable Diseases ; Drug Therapy ; Hematologic Diseases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Pregnancy ; Splenic Rupture*

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of the peripheral blood are frequent and varied in patients with miliary tuberculosis. Anemia,leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, monocytosis, basophilia, eosinophilia and leukemoid reactions have been reported. These abnormalities are more frequent in patients with positive bone marrow study. In this report, we evaluated clinical, hematological and immunological features in patients with miliary tuberculosis in order to know whether difference is existed between "bone marrow biopsy positive group(pathologically proven to miliary tuberculosis)" and "negative group". METHOD: Clinical evaluation, serum ADA, sIL-2R, and T-lymphocyte subsets were measured in 40 patients with miliary tuberculosis who received bone marrow biopsy. RESULTS: 1) The average age of patients was 39 year-old. There were 23 male and 17 female patients. Associated extrapulmonary tuberculosis are 9 CNS tuberculosis, 6 joint tuberculosis, and 2 tuberculous pleurisy. 2) Sixteen of the 40 patients were positive bone marrow biopsy(60%). 3) Sixteen of the 40 patients(60%) had anemia(ll positive patients: 13 negative patients). Leukopenia occurred in 12 per cent(4:l). Thrombocytopenia was noted in 10%(3:1). 4) The mean value of serum ADA was 83 U/L(90 U/L: 70.6 U/L, p=0.23). 5) The mean activity of Soluble IL-2 receptor was 4,643 pmol/L(6840+/-7446 pmol/L: 1,897 +/- 1,663 pmol/L, p=0.06). 6) In the T lymphocyte subsets, the percent of T-lymphocytes was 64%(62%:73%, p=0.2). In some patients(9), T4 and T8 ratio in BAL fluid(1.97+/-1.2) was higher than that in the peripheral blood(1.16+/-0.5). CONCLUSION: Bone marrow examination are diagnostic in 60% of cases of miliary tuberculosis. Percents of the total T lymphocyte and helper T cell in BAL are more elevated than in peripheral blood. There was no significant difference in peripheral blood abnormalities and marker of T lymphocyte activation between the bone marrow biopsy positive and negative group.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Bone Marrow* ; Eosinophilia ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemoid Reaction ; Leukopenia ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Pancytopenia ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Miliary* ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; Tuberculosis, Pleural

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation potential of four perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) alternatives that were developed at Changwon National University. While PFOS has been used widely in industrial and consumer products, it is known to be a persistent organic pollutant. Therefore, greener alternatives are highly desirable. METHODS: Biodegradation tests were run for 28 days using standard test protocols. The biochemical oxygen demand was measured daily throughout the experimental period, and the data were used to calculate the biodegradation rates. Microorganisms were isolated from the some of the tests that showed evidence of biodegradation. RESULTS: C8H8F9KO3S, which has the same number of carbons as the parent compound PFOS but a reduced number of fluorines, showed the highest biodegradation rate followed by C10H8F13KO3S. Chemical alternatives with lower number of carbons did not biodegrade readily in the experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results suggest that it may be advantageous to develop PFOS alternatives with 8 carbons, the same as PFOS, but a reduced number of fluorines; as such, chemicals are more susceptible to biodegradation than the parent compound.
Carbon ; Green Chemistry Technology ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Parents

OBJECTIVES: We wanted to investigate the relationship between job stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hsCRP) with a view to using them as a predictor of future cardiovascular events. METHODS: The study subjects were 155 male bank workers. A structured, self-assesment questionnaire was used to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and job stress of the participants. Seven levels of job stress, as described in the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF), were used to categorized the participants. We included tests for blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, blood lipid level (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), and hsCRP in our analysis. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine an association between job stress and cardiovascular risk factors including hsCRP. RESULTS: In the multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for general and job characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors, interpersonal conflict (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI=1.11~2.57), job insecurity (adjusted OR 1.94, 95% CI=1.24~3.03) and, occupational climate (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI=1.19~3.01) were associated with hsCRP. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that job stress is associated with hsCRP which is a predictor of future cardiovascular events.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Climate ; Fasting ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

This study was conducted to analyze penicillin G (PEG), streptomycin (STR) and neomycin (NEO) residues in milk of healthy lactating cows. Milk samples were collected from all four quarters of 12 dairy cows 2–7 days after intramammary infusions of an ointment containing PEG, STR and NEO once (n = 4; group I) or twice (n = 4, group II) daily. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the antibiotic residues in the samples. The correlation coefficient (r 2) of the calibration curves for all antibiotics was > 0.999 and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.002–0.005 µg/mL and 0.007–0.02 µg/mL, respectively. Recovery rates were ranged from 75.5 to 92.3%. In group I, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 2 days post-treatment, respectively, which were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). In group II, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 3 days post-treatment, respectively, which were bellow the MRL. These results suggest that a 3-day for milk withdrawal period after the ointment treatment might be sufficient for reduction of the antibiotic residues below the MRL.