Hemodynamic effects of acute carbon monoxide poisoning were studied in mongrel dogs. In this study dogs were divided into two groups, namely the control and the experimental. Carbon monoxide poisoning in the experimental group was induced by the breathing of about 2% CO gas mixture for 15 minutes, and this group was further divided into two, in which the arterial CO saturation was below 50%, 30 minutes after the CO gas breathing for 15 minutes (group I) and above 50% (group II). The heart rate was markedly decreased in the both experimental groups, particularly in the group I. The cardiac index showed a relative increase in the group II compared to that of the control, and the stroke volume also showed a relative increase in the both experimental groups, being more marked in the group II. Thus the increase in the cardiac output in the group II was caused mainly by the increase in the stroke volume. The femoral artery mean pressure was decreased both in the control and the experimental groups, being more marked in the group II. There was no appreciable difference in the femoral venous pressure between the control and the experimental groups. The total peripheral resistance was decreased 30 minutes after CO gas breathing in both experimental groups, particularly in the Group II. The pulmonary artery mean pressure showed a decrease in the control and the experimental groups, and there was no prarticular difference between these two groups. The changes in the total pulmonary resistance were rather similar to those of the total peripheral resistance.
Animals ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Cardiac Output ; Dogs ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Resistance ; Venous Pressure

The authors have made a CD-ROM titled 'Atlas of Pathology (AP)' for medical students to understand histopathologic findings with ease. We used a 35 mm film scanner to convert an existing file into digital images. A pathologist and two professional programmers collaborated to create the program 'AtlasMaster 1.0' based on (IBM) PC for organization of previously captured digital images. Minimum system requirement for the 'AP' was Pentium II 166 MHz, 32 MB RAM, Windows 95 or 98, 800 600 resolution, 16-bit color, 20 speed CD-ROM drive. The 'AP' was composed of a execution file (Pathology_Atlas.exe), a DB file (pathology.mdb), and reference files (*.bmp, *.jpg, *.txt). The DB file contained fields for chapter, section, disease entity, and information for location of reference files. About 1,000 color images for various kinds of gross and microscopic pictures were stored in the CD-ROM and those were classified according to the chapters, sections, and disease entities. The 'AP' was easy to manipulate, and had advantages of self-learning for students. It could be applied to other fields in which many images were dealt with, such as histology, radiology, endoscopy, dermatology, and plastic surgery. The 'AP' was handy and very useful for medical students to study pathology and it would be a powerful self-learning tool.
CD-ROM* ; Dermatology ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Pathology ; Students, Medical* ; Surgery, Plastic

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Hypertension* ; Mass Screening*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among blood glucose, HbA1c, and self management comparing these with general and illness characteristics of subjects with Type II Diabetes living in the community. METHODS: Using a comprehensive survey developed for the study, data were collected from 82 type II diabetes patients who were registered at five community health departments. The variables of self management, blood glucose and HbA1c were assessed by nurses. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics including t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient to compare self management and level of HbA1c by subject's general and illness characteristics and to examine the relationships among variables. RESULTS: About 73.2% of the subjects' HbA1c were 7.0% or higher and 54.9% of subjects' blood glucose were 200 mg/dL or higher. The level of self management was moderate. Most frequently perceived reasons for failure of blood glucose control were dietary failure (32.9%). There was significant relationship between self management and HbA1c(r=-.223, p=.040). The mean score of self management were higher among female (t=-2.37, p=.021), who are not on diabetes medication (t=6.70, p=.011). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive intervention is needed to improve dietary self management, especially for male and those who is on diabetes medication.
Blood Glucose ; Chronic Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Self Care

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Skull* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate case-fatality rates and survival rates, prognostic factors of prevalent five cancers(stomach, lung, liver, cervix, colon) in a university hospital located in Taejon City. METHODS: 2,158 cancer patients who have admitted the hospital from Jan. 1, 1991 to Dec. 31, 1998 were analysed. The higher ratio of outbreak and growing were selected among the investigated cancer data for over 100 of subjects in Korean cancer patient was examined into two method. The one is medical record and the other is affirm a government office for existence or not. RESULTS: The lung cancer was discovered for the highest fatality rate. The crude 5-year survival rate of all cancer patients was 43.9% and that in male was higher than that in female. The 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer patients were 49.7%, that treated with combined(operation and chemotherapy) were 66.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 48.1%, and distant metastasis were 31.9%. Lung cancer patients were 25.9%, that treated with operation were 42.7%, and that with metastasis to lymph node were 29.3%. Hepatoma patients were 25.5%, that treated with operation were 37.8%. Uterine cervix cancer patients were 74.8%, that treated with operation were 95.0%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 83.3%, and distant metastasis 74.8%. Colon cancer patients were 41.8%, that treated with operation were 50.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 33.4%. Prognostic factors affecting survival rate among stomach cancer patients were age, operation, operation with cancer chemotherpy, and metastais to lymph node and distant matastasis. Prognostic factors of uterine cervix cancer was age, and that of colon cancer were operation with radiotherapy, metatasis to lymph node and distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: case-fatality rate in male were higher than that in female, and increased with age. The cancer survival rate of female is high, the high in over 40 years group, and operation is exposed in the highest survival rate, also significant difference in metastasis level.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cervix Uteri ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Daejeon ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate*

Between 1987 and 1994, the authors analysed 29 patients who underwent limb sparing resection for shoulder girdle neoplasms. Follow up averaged 24 months. Primary bone and soft tissue malignancy were 23 cases, metastatic carcinoma 3, aggressive giant cell tumor 2, aneurysmal bone cyst 1. By Enneking's criteria, stage IIB 23 cases, stage III 3, stage I 2. The surgical margins were: wide(20), marginal(7), and intralesional(2). In 4 cases with S2345B resections(by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society classification), shoulder fusion were done with Ender nail and bone cement. Among twenty patients with S345A(3), S34A(6), S345B(11) resections, arthroplasty with Ender nail and bone cement were done in 11 cases, endoprothesis and its combination with bone cement in 4, vascu- larized fibula graft in I, shoulder fusion with fibula graft in 1, combination of autoclaved bone and endoprothesis were done in 3 cases. Four patients with S12B, no reconstruction were done. For one patient with S45A, segmental resection and reconstruction with autogenous pasteurized bone were done. Oncologic results are CDF 14, DOD 5, NED 3, AWD 7 cases. Complications were local recur- rence 3(10.3%), distal fragment loosening 1, subluxation of humeral head 1, graft site fracture 1, and infection in 1 case. MSTS functional scores for the whole 29 cases were 22.5(75% of normal). S2345B with fusion was 20(67%). For S345A(3) and S34A(6) score was 23.2(77%). For S345B(11), score was 21.7(72%). For S12B(4) and S45A(1), score was 25.8(86%). Although functional results are depend on the extent of bone and soft tissue resection, reconstruction of soft tissue seems to be important. The options for reconstruction of bony defect(endoprothesis complex, living fibula graft or IM nail and cement as a prothesis) did not affect functional outcome.
Aneurysm ; Arthroplasty ; Bone Cysts ; Extremities ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Limb Salvage ; Shoulder ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to present our experiences for performing transradial cerebral angiography during the learning period, and we also wanted to demonstrate this procedure's technical feasibility and utility in various clinical situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in the study. All of them had unfavorable situations for performing transfemoral angiography, i.e., IV lines in the bilateral femoral vein, a phobia for groin puncture, decreased blood platelet counts, large hematoma or bruise, atherosclerosis in the bilateral femoral artery and the insistence of patients for choosing another procedure. After confirming the patency of the ulnar artery with a modified Allen's test and a pulse oximeter, the procedure was done using a 21-G micorpuncture set and 5-F Simon II catheters. After angiography, hemostasis was achieved with 1-2 minutes of manual compression and the subsequent application of a hospital-made wrist brace for two hours. The technical feasiblity and procedure-related immediate and delayed complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 30/32 patients (93.8%). Failure occurred in two patients; one patient had hypoplasia of the radial artery and one patient had vasospasm following multiple puncture trials for the radial artery. Transradial cerebral angiography was technically feasible without significant difficulties even though it was tried during the learning period. Pain in the forearm or arm developed in some patients during the procedures, but this was usually mild and transient. Procedure-related immediate complications included severe bruising in one patient and a small hematoma in one patient. Any clinically significant complication or delayed complication such as radial artery occlusion was not demonstrated in our series. CONCLUSION: Transradial cerebral angiography is a useful alternative for the patients who have unfavorable clinical situations or contraindications for performing transfemoral cerebral angiography. For the experienced neurointerventionalists, it seems that additional training for perfoming transradial cerebral angiography is not needed.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/radiography ; Radial Artery ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/radiography ; Humans ; Female ; Feasibility Studies ; Cerebral Angiography/*methods ; Catheterization/*methods ; Aged ; Adult

We developed the 166Ho-chitosan, the new radiation synovectomy agent. Holmium is the more practical isotope based on its longer half-life. And chitosan, is ideal and suitable particles based on its soluble and biodegradable characteristics. We investigated the biocompatibility of the 166Ho-chitosan complex to evaluate the suitability as a radiation synovectomy agent. In vitro stability test, the 166Ho-chitosan complex suspension in saline was stored at room temperture and 37degrees C for 25 days and decay rate was of determined by ITLC(Instant Thin Layer Chromatography). In vivo stability test, the 166Ho-chitosan complex was injected into rabbit joints and followed by gamma camera imaging to quantify extra-articular leakage. Biodistribution study, the 166Ho-chitosan complex was injected into rabbit joints. After 48 hours heart, liver, urinary bladder, spleen, lung, brain, kidney, blood were extracted and radioactivities were measured. In vitro stability test, there was no significant change of radioactivity and no leakage problem indicating the prepared 166Ho-chitosan complex is sufficiently stable. In vivo stability tests revealed that more than 98% of the 166Ho-chitosan remained in joint over a 2 days period. The mean retention percentage of 166Ho-chitosan in knee were 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7% at 2 h, 6 h, 1 day and 2 days, respectively. A biodistribution study of the rabbits revealed that leakage to heart, liver, urinary bladder, spleen, lung, brain, kidney, blood is 0.71, 1.5, 0.50, 1.5, 0.25, 0.26, 0.81, 0.065(% Injected Dose x 10-3/gram), respectively. The 166Ho-chitosan complex shows less leakge than any other radiation synovectomy agents. Our results indicate that 166Ho-chitosan have the biocompatibility and the suitability as a radiation synovectomy agent.
Brain ; Chitosan* ; Half-Life ; Heart ; Holmium ; Joints ; Kidney ; Knee ; Liver ; Lung ; Rabbits* ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Spleen ; Urinary Bladder

Recently, the -160 C/A polymorphism, located within the regulatory region of E-cadherin promoter, has been shown to influence E-cadherin transcription by altering transcription factor binding. We examined the effect of this polymorphism on risk of gastric cancer and on histological classification of intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer in 146 normal healthy individuals and 292 Korean gastric cancer patients. Genomic DNA samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)-sequencing and confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the polymorphism between normal control and gastric cancer patients (x(2) test, p=0.433). The estimated odd ratio of C/C to A/A genotype in gastric cancer cases was 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.396-2.870). We also found no evidence for differences in risk for the intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer. These results suggest that the -160 C/A polymorphism of the E-cadherin has no direct effect on the risk of Korean gastric cancer development and on its histological classification.
Alleles ; Cadherins/*genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Human ; Korea ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism (Genetics) ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; *Promoter Regions (Genetics) ; Risk ; Stomach Neoplasms/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic