This investigation was undertaken to clarify the in vitro effect of the various stimulations, such as exercise (E), insulin (I) direct electrical stimulation (EST) and the combinations of the above, on the glucose incorporation intro glycogen molecules (glycogen synthesis) of the normal slow (soleus) and fast twitch (plantaris) muscles, and the different responses of slow and fast twitch muscles to persistent overloads causing compensatory muscle hypertrophy. In resting state, slow twitch muscle has greater capacity for glycogen synthesis than fast twitch muscle, and responses of different muscle to various stimuli were differ as follows: In slow twitch muscle, the glycogen synthesis was increased by insulin, and electrical stimulation but not increased by exercise; exercise increased insulin sensitivity and the effect of electrical stimulation. Whereas the glycogen synthesis in fast twitch muscle was increased only by the stimuli combined with E and EST, and E, I, and EST. As the result of removal of synergistic muscle, both muscles were hypertrophied, and the degree of hypertrophy in response to persistent overload was higher in fast twitch muscle (182%) than slow twitch muscle (151%). In hypertrophied muscles, glycogen synthesis of soleus in any groups was lower than that of the control, but similar in plantaris. In conclusions, there were marked heterogeneity in different muscle fiber in the effects of exercise and insulin addition and electrical stimulation on muscle glycogen synthesis, and fast twitch muscle may be adapted more easily to that kind of persistent overload than slow twitch muscle.
Electric Stimulation ; Glucose* ; Glycogen* ; Hypertrophy ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Muscles* ; Population Characteristics

No abstract available.
Animals ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin ; Rats

No abstract available.
Forearm*

Primary biliary cirrhosis, a chronic, progressive, and often fatal cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, portal inflammation and scarring, and the eventual development of cirrhosis and liver failure. We reviewed four cases of primary biliary cirrhosis primarily suspected with peritoneoscopic liver biopsy specimens. All patients were female and their age ranged from 29 to 50 years(median age: 43.8 years). Presenting symptoms were typically pruritus and/or upper abdominal discomfort. On physical examination, interus was presented in 3; hepatomegaly in 3; chronic liver disease stigmata in one. Co-existing autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto' thyroiditis and Sjoegren' syndrome were found in 2 cases. Biochemical tests of liver function revealed a cholestatic pattern. An antimitochondrial-antibody test was positive in 2 out of 3 patients(75%). Increase levels of serum immunoglobulins, especially of IgM, were evident in 3 cases. Histologic staging(Ludwig et al.) disclosed stage I lesion in one, stage III in two, and stage IV in the remaining one.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

The Duodenal diverticulum is the rare cause of the common bile duct obstruction. We experienced a case of the diverticulum of the second portion of duodenum in a 59-year-old male, who complained recurrent attacks of right upper abdominal pain and fever since 16 months prior to admission. Duodenoscopic finding and UGI study revealed a typical duodenal diverticulum just side to the papilla of Vater. Diverticulectomy and cholecystectomy was performed and after than, he has been free front above mentioned symptoms. We reported a case of duodenal diverticulum which caused recurrent common bile duct obstruction.
Abdominal Pain ; Cholecystectomy ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diverticulum* ; Duodenum ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To compare the suppressive effects in hepatocellular carcinoma patients of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization by the infusion of adriamycin-lipiodol emulsion and of this plus 10ml of cisplatin solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a total of 151 cases, the frequency of intrahepatic recurrence was compared with follow-up angiographic findings after the first and second transhepatic arterial chemoembolization with adriamycin-lipiodol emulsion and adriamycin-lipiodol emulsion plus 10ml of cisplatin solution, respectively. RESULTS: Among 46 patients whose first single infusion was after mean 119 days, the recurrence rate was 22% ; for 42 who were given their first multiple infusion after mean 76 days this rate was 5% ; for 35 whose second single infusion was administered after mean 147 days, the rate was 34%, and among 28 whose second multiple infusion was after mean 110 days, the rate was 43%. CONCLUSION: During the first trial of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with adriamycin-lipiodol plus cisplatin solution, hepatocellular carcinoma recurred much less frequently, but during the second trial with cisplatin, recurrence was not suppresed.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cisplatin* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Rheumatic Fever*

In the past two decades, open reduction and internal fixation has been the preferred treatment of posterior pelvic ring disruption with instability. Despite of rigid fixation, it can induce bleeding, wound infection, wound necrosis and prolong operation time in the patient with combined injuries. To compensate for these disadvantages, we have implemented closed reduction and percutaneous iliosacral fixation under fluoroscopy in reducible posterior pelvic ring disruption. In spite of anatomical risk during screw insertion, the percutaneous iliosacral screw technique after closed reduction of the posterior pelvic ring disruption minimally violates the soft tissue envelope and reduces both the operative blood loss and infection rate. We are reporting the early results of our 6 patients treated between Aug. 1995 to Aug. 1996. The operation time was shorter than open reduction and internal fixation. There was no significant bleeding, wound infection and nerve injury by screws.
Fluoroscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

Evaluations of residual renal function and the therapeutic effectiveness in renal tuberculosis have largely been dependent on intravenous pyelogram or Contrast-CT scan, even though, exact renal function are not evaluated with there methads. 99mTc-DMSA is a radiopharmaceutical that is trapped in the functioning tubular cells of the kidney and therefore, quantitative renal function could be evaluoted by ineasuring the counts of renal radioactivity and concomittant evaluation of renal morphology could be passible with the analog imapes of the radioactivity. The authors retrospectively analyzed 99mTc-DMSA scans of 75 kidndys of 67 patients with confirmed renal tuberculosis. We classified the morphologies of tuberculous kidneys as 6 types. We classified the morphologies of tuberculous kidneys as 6 types such as the type with small cortical defect, with parenchymal ulcerocavernous lesions, ulcerocavernous fistula to pelvis, mass-like defects, contracted kidney with ureter visualization, and the type with nonvisualization of kidney, corresponding to the characters of renal tuberculous pathogenesis with abscess formation, ulcerocavernous fistula, and fibrosis, and correspondings to the renal anatomy with parenchyma, and pelvocalyceal collecting system. Their mean residual renal functions measured with 99mTc-DMSA uptake rates were 19.0%, 18.4%, 7.9%, 12%, 4.1%, 3.4% respectively.
Abscess ; Fibrosis ; Fistula ; Fluspirilene ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pelvis ; Radioactivity ; Retrospective Studies ; Succimer* ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter

The effect of exercise on plasma insulin, free fatty acid, and glucose uptake and glycogen concentration in soleus, and intravenous glucose tolerance of streptozotocin treated, diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Diabetic-trained animals were subjected to a regular program of treadmill running for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last training session, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was studied in incubated strips (about 20 mg) of soleus muscle in vitro. Glucose tolerance was measured with intravenous infusion of 0.5 g glucose/kg body weight. In diabetic rats, training was associated with increase glucose uptake in basal and maximal insulin concentrations, decreased fasting glucose concentrations, and increased muscle glycogen levels, but there were no changes in glucose tolerance curve and plasma insulin concentrations. These results suggest that regular running program for 4 weeks improve responsiveness of insulin on soleus muscle, but fails to cause improvement of impaired intravenous glucose tolerance in mild degree streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Exercise* ; Fasting ; Glucose Tolerance Test* ; Glucose* ; Glycogen ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Insulin ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Running ; Streptozocin*