OBJECTIVE To analyze impulsive-like behaviors of SD rats induced by pramipexole in Y-maze avoidance tasks. METHODS Behaviors of SD rats in Y-maze avoidance tasks were recorded with a camera and analyzed by Noldus Etho Vision XT8 software after acute subcutaneous injection of pramipexole(0.1,1 and 10 mg · kg-1),including right reaction numbers of 20 consecutive avoidance tasks,shuttle number of times between the three arms of Y-maze, distance covered in Y-maze and time spent in safe arms during 20 consecutive avoidance tasks. Then,the prepulse inhibition(PPI)of the startle reflex test was used to assess the effect of pramipexole on sensorimotor gating (SG). Effects of pramipexole on the dialyzed content of monoamine neurotransmitter and its metabolites in the striatum and amygdala of SD rats were measured by microdialysis in vivo. RESULTS Compared with normal control group,the rats of pramipexole group showed a significant increase in the shuttle number of times and distance covered in Y-maze between Y-maze avoidance tasks(P<0.01),but a statistically significant decrease in the time spent in safe arms(P<0.01),while the number of right reactions in Y-maze avoidance tasks was not changed. Such premature responses were quite similar to certain impulsive-compulsive behaviors in rodent models,such as five-choice serial reaction time tasks. In the PPI test,pramipexole displayed an impairing effect on SG(P<0.01). The microdialysis results showed that there was an increase of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the striatum of pramipexole group, but not statistically significant. Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites were not significantly changed in the amygdala. CONCLUSION Pramipexole can induce impulsive-compulsive behaviors in Y-maze avoidance tasks,which might be attributed to impaired SG.

In this paper,adverse drug reaction(ADRs)of two groups using ionic contrast media(ICM)and nonionic contrast media(NICM)respectively for conventional an- giography(CA),DSA and contrast enhanced CT(CTE)were analysed and compared with the recent literature. The results of this study indicated that(1)using ICM for CA,DSA and CTE,the in- cidence of ADRs is higher than that of NICM because of its high osmolarity,the effect of electric charge and chemotoxicity;however,even in the at-risk patients the incidence of ADRs; can be significantly decreased by using NICM.(2)the incidence of ADRs in patients with rapidly intraarterial injection is higher than that of intravenous injection;(3)the patients with ADRs to ICM previously could be reexamined by using NICM without inducing the ADRs (4)using lower concentration or/and volume of NICM than that of ICM may obtain superior images than the equivalent ICM because of the little influence of NICM on the plasma volume and the concentration of intravascular contrast midia;and(5)though NICM is surely a safe and ideal contrast midia,it still must be careful to use in at-risk patients. Because of its high cost limiting its universal use,a selective use in at-risk patients for the intavenous examinations is proposed by us.Excluding the usual high risk factors describ- ed in literature,we suggested that if the patients with the following factors,NICM should be the preferred choice for the angiography and CTE:(1)the post-operative patients of biain disease;(2)the patients with coma or shock;(3)the patients with peripheral aterial of ve- nous thrombosis and(4)the patients for interventional procedures of cardioascutlar system (CVIR). In addition to,the authors pointed out that some new problems concerning with the con- trast media(CM)must be noticed in the procedures of CVIR:the overdose of CM,he ad- verse effects resulted from the mixing of CM with other pharmaceutical products injected and the evaporated hyperc oncentatian decomposition,or carbonization of the CM resulted from the interaction within high energy equipment or under high temperature.

The concentration of serum adiponectin [(2.51±1.42)mg/L] was lower in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared with that in normal controlgroup [(5.26±0.78)mg/L ,P＜0.01]. The concentration of serum adiponectin was lower in the diabetics with macrovascular complications (MVC) [(1.38±0.77)mg/L] as compared with those without macrovascular complication [(3.66±0.91)mg/L]. The concentration of serum resistin was higher in the diabetic group as compared with that in control group[(7.07±1.11 vs 6.09±0.47)μg/L, P＜0.01]. It was also higher in patients with MVC [(7.96±0.65)μg/L] compared with those without MVC [(6.10±0.43)μgL, P＜0.01].

Objective To explore high-risk factors that affect the severity of diabetic foot ulcers and the relationship between the severity of diabetic foot ulcers and the general somatic conditions by analyzing clinical data of 218 diabetic foot patients.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 218 diabetic foot patients,admitted from 2006 to 2010 was performed.Fasting and postprandial blood glucose ( FBG and PBG ),glycosylated hemoglobin,hemoglobin,serum albumin,serum creatinine,as well as serum urea nitrogen and fibrinogen were determined in patients with different Wagner levels.The effects of peripheral arterial disease,neuropathy,infections and other factors on severity of diabetic foot ulcers,and the prognosis of those patients with different Wagner levels were analyzed.Results ( 1 ) FBG and PBG in Wagner 5 patients were significantly higher than those in Wagner 1,but there was no statistical significance in HbA1C difference.(2) Hemoglobin,total cholesterol,serum albumin in Wagner 5 patients were decreased significantly ; white blood cells,serum creatinine and fibrinogen were increased significantly ( P＜0.01 ).(3) The intima-media thickness(IMT) of femoral artery in Wagner 2-and-above patients was increased significantly compared with that in Wagner 1 ( P＜0.05 ).( 4 ) Logistic regression analysis showed that hemoglobin,fibrinogen,glycated hemoglobin,femoral artery intima-media thickness,and bacterial infection were correlated independently with the severity of diabetic foot ulcers.(5) The hospitalized days were increased with rising Wagner levels ; the prognosis of Wagner 5 patients was the worst,with the highest mortality in the group.Conclusions Changes in blood level of hemoglobin,fibrinogen,along with higher HbA1C and femoral artery IMT,as well as infections are high-risk factors of severity in diabetic foot patients.HbA1C is not a good indicator of blood glucose control in patients with Wagner 5 grade.The higher the Wagner grade,the longer the time spent in hospital,and the worse the prognosis wouldbe.

Patent documentation is a kind of high-value scientific literature, which has caught the attention of more and more scholars. In this paper, the World Traditional Medicine Patent Database (WTMPD) was used to retrieve patents of the traditional medicines used in the treatment and prevention of influenza worldwide in the past 30 years. A total of 2 423 patents were further screened by a series of processes. Finally, multi-angle analysis was carried on the dataset to form a patent analysis report on traditional anti-flu drugs. From the analysis, we found that China had a rapid increase in the number of patent applications, which was in the leading role in the world, though the number of PCT applicant from China is relatively low. A large amount of applicants from the USA, Japan, and Korea have entered into China. Pharmaceutical company is the core group of patent applicant, who had applied a lot of quality patent about their products to protect their commercial interests. Honeysuckle, licorice, isatis root, forsythia and skullcap are five kinds of herbs, which have been most frequently used in anti-influenza patents.

Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) is a reverse genetics method for functional genomics research.It is possible to screen for point mutations in the populations of EMS mutagenesis with highthroughput and lowcost. EcoTILLING a method based on TILLING ,was developed for detecting multiple types of polymorphisms in germplasm collections,such as single nucleotide polymorphism,small deletion and insertion etc.Rice is a very important food crop and a model plant for genome research also. There are complete genome sequence and a lot of other bioinformatics resources about it.So the markerassisted breeding is becoming more and more important in rice breeding. Some issues based on TILLING about identifying germplasm based on gene sequence,EMS mutagenesis breeding,developing functional marker in rice breeding in future were discussed.

Background Human paired box gene 6 (PAX6)encodes a transcriptional regulator.It is essential for eye and brain morphogenesis.Mutation of PAX6 gene isresponsible for many congenital ocular malformations,such as aniridia.Aniridia is a autosomal dominant inheritance mode.Objective In this study,PAX6 gene mutation was analyzed in three Chinese families with aniridia through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.Methods The blood specimens were collected from 5 suffers and normal individuals of 3 aniridia families to extract DNA.The sequences of extron 4-13 were designed based on PAX6 gene.The primer was amplified by PCR and sequenced and compared with the known PAX6 gene sequence.This study complied with Declaration of Helsinki and approved by ethic committee of Sichuan University.Written informed consent was obtained from each individual before any medial examination.ResultsThere were 5 suffers in the 3 families.A heterozygous mutation (c.718 C＞T) in PAX6 gene was identified in 2 patients of family A.This mutation caused an amino acid substitution of arginine to termination codon at position 240 ( p.Arg240X) of PAX6 protein.No similar change in the normal families.No any the alteration of PAX6 gene was detected in family B whatever suffers and normal individuals.In family C,a deletion mutation of c.331 delG ( p.Val111 SerfsX13 ) in PAX6 gene was found.The deletion of one base caused frame shift mutation of PAX6 protein,and no such mutation was seen in other families.Conclusions Mutation of PAX6 gene appeares to be causative mutations of the disease in family A and C.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and recent curative effect of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after conventional treatment.Methods Clinical data of 15 MCL patients admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences between August 2004 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age of those patients was 59 and the male to female ratio was 1.5∶1.Fourteen(93%)cases were in Ann-Arbor stages Ⅲ -Ⅳ, 15 cases (100%)primarily with lymph node involvement,7 cases (47%)with bone marrow involvement,4 cases (27%)with gastrointestinal involvement,and 3 cases (20%)with orbit involvement.Less than 40% expression of Ki-67 was observed in 9 cases (60%),while 6 cases were with more than 40% (40%).One case was blastic variant.First-line therapy was CHOP-like regimens,which were combined with rituximab in 8 of the 15 cases.In this study,the median survival time was 12 months (3 -64),and the overal response rate was 80%after induction chemotherapy.The current survival of 7 /9 cases with less than 40% expression of Ki-67 was 8 -64 months,2 /6 cases with more than 40% expression of Ki-67 was 8 and 9 months,respectively.Conclusion MCL mostly occurs in older males.Extranodal invasion is common in MCL as an aggressive tumor.The efficacy of traditional chemotherapy is currently limited.Blastic variant or high expression of Ki-67 is an adverse prognostic indicator.

Objectives To investigate changes in serum levels of adiponectin,leptin and erythrocyte membrane insulin receptor among patients with gestational diabetes (GDM),and to study their relation to insulin resistance.Methods Fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting serum insulin (FINS), serum levels of adiponeetin and leptin,indices of lipid metabolism,2 h plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test (2 h PG),2 h serum insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (2 h INS),as well as number of erythrocyte membrane insulin receptors with high and low appetency and its constants,were determined in 40 patients with GDM and 34 controls with normal glucose tolerance.Insulin resistance index (IRI) was calculated.Results ① Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were (11.7?2.8) ?g/L and (7.8?1.6) ?g/L,respectively,and number of high appeteney erythrocyte membrane insulin receptor (R_1) and low appetency erythrocytemembrane insulin receptor (R_2) was (43?9) / red cell and (2297?525) / red cell,respectively.Serum level of leptin was significantly higher in those with GDM than those of normal controls (P

OBJECTIVETo study the process of eliminating tannin with polyamide-adsorption for preparing Xinshao lyophilyzation.

METHODThe transfer rate of paeoniflorin, tannin examination, the test of the local stimulus and abnormal toxicity on mice were adopted as indexes to optimize the process of tannin adsorption and resolution of polyamide-adsorption, and the effect of eliminating tannin of polyamide-adsorption was compared with traditional methods.

RESULTThe effect of eliminating tannin with polyamide-adsorption was good, and the transfer rate of paeoniflorin with polyamide-adsorption was superior to the other methods. Furthermore, the abnormal toxicity decreased evidently and the security of the preparation was ensured.

CONCLUSIONThe method of polyamide-adsorption provides a useful reference to the technique of eliminating tannin in the traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Adsorption ; Animals ; Chemical Precipitation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Female ; Filtration ; Freeze Drying ; Mice ; Nylons ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Tannins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity