BACKGROUNDS: Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale was developed to measure the elderly function. The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale. METHODS: Clinical validity and convergent validity was tested. Reliability was tested by internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha), two weeks test-retest method, and interrator correlation. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.937. 2 weeks test-retest correlations in all 7 items were higher than 7.0. Interrator agreements were high in all 7 items(h=0.86~1.0). Nonnal control group had lower scores than patients group in all 7 items(p=0.000). Correlation coefficients between K-ADL score and braindisability grade was between -0.465(eating) and -0.696(bathing)(p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale is a valid and reliable instrument. In the future, the studies showing an association between K-ADL and mortality, prognosis are needed.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of metallic biliary stent placement and radiotherapy in malignant biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1992 and February 1994, 22 patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated with metallic biliary stent placement and radiotherapy. The causes of the obstruction included cholangiocarcinoma(n=14), gallbladder carcinoma(n=4), colon cancer(n=2), pancreatic head cancer (n=1), and stomach cancer(n=1). According to the sites of obstruction level, patient were divided into 2 groups; hilar obstruction(n=18) and common bile duct obstruction(n=4). The patients received dose of 45 Gray/18 fraction by external radiotherapy and 20Gy/8f by high dose rate brachytherapy with iridium--192 source through percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) catheter. The duration of stent patency after placement, survival period and survival rate by Kaplan Meier method were calculated in dead and alive patients, respectively. RESULTS: In all 22 patients, the duration of stent patency was 5.5(1.3--18.5)months. Survival periods after stent placement and PTBD were 5.3(2.0--8.5 )months and 7.9(4.0--14.7)months respectively in 9 dead patients and 7.7(1.3--21.0)months and 9.5(2.3--23.0)months in 13 alive patients. In all 22 patients, the survival rates in 6, 12 and 18 months were 78.9%, 47.5 % and 35.6 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results with combined metallic biliary stent placement and radiotherapy for the palliative treatment of malignant biliary obstruction in this study was more favorable, as compared with those of the other authors with only metallic biliary stent placement.
Brachytherapy ; Catheters ; Colon ; Common Bile Duct ; Gallbladder ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Radiotherapy* ; Stents* ; Stomach ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(K-IADL) scale was developed to measure the elderly function. The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of K-IADL scale. METHODS: Clinical validity and convergent validity was tested. Reliability was tested by internal consistency(Cronbach`s alpha), two weeks test-retest method, and interrator correlation. RESULTS: Cronbach`s alpha was 0.938. 2 weeks test-retest correlations in all 10 items were higher than 0.674. Interrator agreements were high in all 10 items(H=0.808~0.947). Normal control group had lower scores than patients group in all 10 items(p=0.000). Correlation coefficient between K-IADL score and brain-disability grade was between -0.336(laundry) and -0.663(using transportation)(p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(K-IADL) scale is a valid and reliable instrument. In the future, the studies showing an association between K-IADL and mortality, prognosis are needed.
Aged ; Humans ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results*

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Prognosis*

Ten emhalmed cadaveric adult bony hemipelvis specimens were ohtained to evaluate the configuration of the posterior column of acetabulum and to find a safe path for screw placement into it as well as to report on the morphological data of the ischial tuherosity and to determine the most optimaI technique for ischial tuberosity screw placement for open reduction and internal fixation of posterior acetabular fracture. Cadaveric studies were performed analyzing icm cross-sections through the acetabulum for the purpose of studying the anatomical configuration of the danger zone. The plane of the cross-section was perpendicular to the posterior column. Each cross-section had the medial boundary ot the acetabulum projected onto the posterior column. By analysing the projections on the posterior column, the exact configuration of the danger zone was determined. In this study, the average width of the posterior column at the mid-acetabular Ievel was 3.9cm. Computed tomography scan of the acetabulum yielded valuable int'ormation regarding screw placement in the posterior column. The average width, height and depth of the ischial tuberosity were 25.7 mm, 33. 1 mm and 31.7mm, respectively. The average angles hetween the posterior and medial aspects and hetween the posterior and lateral aspects of the ischial tuherosities were 79.5degreesand 111.5degrees, respectively. The entry point of the screw should be Smm or 10mm medial to the lateral margin of the ischial tuherosity and the screws should be directed 35-40degrees, 45-50degrees and 50-55degrees caudally at the level of the inferior acetahular margin and lcm and 2cm below it, respectively. to obtain the most favorable bony purchase.
Acetabulum* ; Adult ; Cadaver ; Humans

No abstract available.
Heart Atria*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The functional status of elderly has been measured by many different methods including Karz ADL index, Bathel ADL index and physical self- maintenance scale. Among them, Bathel ADL index has been widely used in many countries because of easiness to scoring and administration. Therefore, we translated the Bathel ADL index and tested the translation validity and psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of Korean version of Bathel ADL index. METHODS: The Bathel ADL index was translated by multidisciplinary committee members. The quality of translation was rated by committee members using three criteria (clarity, use of common language, conceptual equivalence). Reliability was tested by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), two weeks test-retest reliability, and intraobserver agreement. Clinical validity and construct validity comparison with brain disability grade were tested for validity testing. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. Two weeks test-retest correlations coefficient was 0.95 (P=0.00). Interrator agreements were high in all 10 items (kappa=0.82~1.0). Normal control group had lower scores than the patient group (P=0.000). Correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Bathel ADL index score and brain- disability grade was -0.58 (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of Bathel ADL index is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring functional status of the elderly.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged ; Brain ; Committee Membership ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results*

No abstract available.
Transposition of Great Vessels*

No abstract available.
Aorta* ; Aortopulmonary Septal Defect ; Pulmonary Artery*