Poliovirus Sabin 1 strain has its own special features that make it a particularly attractive live recombinant mucosal vaccine vehicle. Sabin 1 cDNA was manipulated to have multiple cloning site and viral specific 3C-protease cutting site at the N-terminal end of the polyprotein, named RPS-vax system HIV-1 V3- and principal neutralizing domain (PND)-concatamers were successfully cloned into the multiple cloning site of the vector system and produced expected chimeric viruses by transfection of their RNA transcripts into HeLa cells. These chimeric viruses have shown to express introduced HIV-1 subgenome concatamers efficiently during their replication in the infected HeLa cells. Expressed proteins were confirmed to retain the wild type structures at least in parts. Replication capacity of the chimeric viruses was slightly lower than that of wild type Sabin 1 likely to be due to delay in processing steps during their replication. Differing from the virulent Mahoney vectors, the rec-Sabin 1 chimeric viruses maintained the foreign gene stably during the serial passages. These chimeric viruses have also shown to be able to induce specific humoral immunity to the introduced vaccine proteins when inoculated into the poliovirus receptor-expressing transgenic (Tg-PVR) mice. Antiserum obtained from the immunized transgenic mice showed to have neutralizing capacity to HIV-1 in vitro. These results strongly suggest that the chimeric viruses expressing HIV-1 vaccine epitopes can be used as a good live mucosal vaccine candidate against AIDS.
Animals ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Complementary ; Epitopes ; HeLa Cells ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Immunity, Humoral ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Poliovirus* ; RNA ; Serial Passage ; Transfection

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip*

HIV-1 tat, a strong transactivator, is essential for the HIV-1 replication and AIDS progression. The Tat function is markedly inhibited by human anti-oncogene p53. This work was initiated to identify the p53-associated inhibitory mechanism on tat-mediated transactivation. Inhibitory function of P53 was confirmed by co-transfection of tat-expressing Jurkat cells with LTR-CAT plasmid, or H3Tl cells (LTR-CAT integrated HeLa cells) with different ratio of pSV-tat/pCDNA-p53 plasmids. Results from the direct protein-protein .interaction between soluble p53 and tat, and yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that the co-suppression mechanism is unlikely to be due to the direct interaction. CAT activity was not affected by tat in Jurkat cells which were transfected with p53-promoter-CAT or p53-enhancer-CAT, suggesting that the tat-mediated p53 suppression is not directly associated with p53-promoter. Finally, we have tested protein kinase activity in p53-tranfected Jurkat cells, which might phosphorylate HIV-1 tat, resulting in inhibition of tat function. Some of our data lead us to assume that the p53-mediated tat inhibition is likely to be associated with p53-associated, signaling-mediated phosphorylation of tat, resulting in the dysfunction of tat. This study is now under investigation.
Animals ; Cats ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; HIV-1* ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmids ; Protein Kinases ; RNA Interference ; Trans-Activators ; Transcriptional Activation ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy is a very rare and poorly recognized disease in children. This study is performed to describe the clinical course and to define potential predictors of outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed the medical records and diagnostic studies of 11 consecutive patients during the period from Jan.1991 to Aug. 2000. RESULTS: The age at diagnosis was 1.2-13 years (median 7 years) and the duration of follow up was 3-90 months (median 3.6 years). All except one were symptomatic (dyspnea in ten, chest pain in four). The chest pain was associated with significant ST depression on both resting and exercise ECG, suggesting myocardial ischemia. Two had complete heart block as either initial or terminal event. Cardiac catheterization was done in nine ( mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure 23+/-6mmHg, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure 47+/-14mmHg, mean right atrial pressure 11+/-9mmHg). Echocardiographic dimensional ratio of left atrium and aorta (LA/Ao) was 2.41+/-0.58. Mitral E/A inflow ratio was 2.72+/-1.42, E wave deceleration time was 93.6+/-44.2ms. During follow up, six died. The 2 year and 5 year cumulative survival rates were 54.5% and 18.8% respectively. The predictor for nonsurvivor were pulmonary venous congestion and LA/Ao >2.5(p<0.05). Verapamil was tried in 6 cases without favorable effect in all. CONCLUSION: Considerable numbers of restrictive cardiomyopathy have myocardial ischemia associated with ST depression and chest pain. The patients with pulmonary venous congestion and severe left atrial enlargement (LA/Ao>2.5) were at risk for death, requiring prompt definitive treatment such as cardiac transplantation.
Aorta ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive* ; Chest Pain ; Child* ; Deceleration ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Atria ; Heart Block ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Medical Records ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Survival Rate ; Verapamil

No abstract available.
eIF-2 Kinase* ; HIV-1* ; Phosphorylation

BACKGROUND: The concentration of the blood including ACTH, catecholamine, serum prolactine, cortisol is increased due to responding on stress by carrying out endotracheal intubation upon the mutiple trauma patients who were taken to the emergency room. Diazepam is a kind of benzodiazepine pharmacon and common pharmacon used for stability of the patients, relief and pretreatment as a booster for the relaxation of skeletal muscle. This research aims to know how effectively medication of diazepam before endotracheal intubation helps to constrain the reaction on the part of cardiovascular system due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and makes concentration of catecholamine in blood changed. METHODS: The subjects are consisted of the patient asked for endotracheal intubation instantly, suffering from caput trauma (GCS 8.0) among the multiple trauma patient, more than 20-year-old who were taken to the emergency room in Chosun university hospital from October 1, 1995 to September 30, 1996. They were decided into 2 classes, 30 people each class, and one (group I ) was carried out endotracheal intubation without injecting diazepam,0.3 mg/kg, and the other (group II) was done with the endotracheal intubation by injecting diazepam, 0.3mg/kg. Group I and group II were measured blood pressure and heart rate before intubation and at 1, 3, 5, 7 minute after endotracheal intubation, sampled arterial blood from femoral artery, and then compared and analyzed. All of the data were recorded by mean, standard deviation, and percentage and repeated measures ANOVA test was used for the statistical test and the data was regarded as statistically significant when p value is below 0.05. RESULTS: 1) They were no significant differences statistically between 2 groups in the distribution of the age, weight, sex of the patients. 2) The changes in the systolic blood pressure had no statistical significance in the comparison between group I and group II, but diastolic blood pressure and the change of heart rate had statistical significance because p value was shown below 0.05. 3) Norepinephrine of blood was significantly lower in group II than group I. 4) Epinephrine of blood was significantly lower in group II than group I. CONCLUSION: It was shown that medication of diazepam before endotracheal intubation made stability of the patients and it changed significantly the reaction on the part of cardiovascular system from stress caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. So it will be a good thing to inject diazepam for pretreatment to bring relief of the patients and cardiovascular stability before endotracheal intubation.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Benzodiazepines ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Diazepam* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epinephrine ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy ; Multiple Trauma* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Norepinephrine ; Prolactin ; Relaxation ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Skin*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cats

There are many controversies in ability of articular cartilage to heal full thickness defect. Generally, it is reported that full thickness defects of articular cartilage filled with organizing hematoma and granulation tissues, which converted to chondroid tissues. It is clear that the size of defect was related to the repair of articular cartilage. Though cartilagenous material fills the defect and restores the surface continuity, it may undergo degeneration, and lead to localized focus of osteoarthritis. Multiple drilling through subchondral bone could be a kind of treatment in articular cartilage defect. Author conducted an experiment for the full thickness defect of articular cartilage in rabbit. After multiple drilling of articular cartilage, the repair of defect was examined histologically until eighth week. Results were as followings ; l. At lst. week, the defect was repaired by fibrovascular proliferation and granulation tissue. 2. At 3rd. week, hyaline cartilage consisted of normal chondrocyte was formed. 3. At 8th. week, subchondral plste was regenerated completely. 4. All defects that were less than 3 mm. in diameter were healed. More repairs were observed in case with the wider defects if the defects were within 3mm. in diameter. 5. The metachromasia was observed with toluidine blue stain. The reformed cartilage shows slight purple(Grade II) to moderate purple(Grade III) at third week and near normal (Grade IV) at fourth week. In conclusion, multiple drilling may be an effective method of treatment in articular cartilage defect. It is considered that multiple drilling with a 3mm. Steinmann pin may be the most convenient and effective method of the cartilage healing.
Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Granulation Tissue ; Hematoma ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Regeneration ; Tolonium Chloride

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Limb Salvage* ; Tibia*