PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes of glistening-free intraocular lens (IOL) and conventional 1-piece aspheric IOL in implanted in-the-bag. METHODS: After phacoemulsification performed by a single surgeon, 2 different IOLs were implanted: enVista MX60 (glistening-free 1-piece aspheric IOL) in 38 eyes (group A) and AcrySof IQ (conventional 1-piece aspheric IOL) in 46 eyes (group B). Glare symptom score (0-5) obtained by questionnaires, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT), posterior capsular opacity (PCO), glistening formation and spherical equivalent error were compared and analyzed preoperatively and 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement of BCVA and contrast sensitivity postoperatively was observed in all groups. There was statistically significant increase of glistening in group B compared with group A. However, there was no significant difference of FACT scores of spatial frequency in A, B, C, D and E columns and glare symptom score (0-10) obtained by questionnaires 12 months after surgery. Spherical equivalent errors were -0.38 +/- 0.27 D and -0.36 +/- 0.28 D for groups A and B, respectively. PCO occurred in 2 eyes in group A and 4 eyes in group B. CONCLUSIONS: EnVista MX60 IOL showed less glistening formation than AcrySof IQ IOL, however, there was no significant difference in terms of vision quality such as BCVA, FACT and glare symptom score at 12 months postoperatively.
Cataract* ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Glare ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the risk factors related to the location of visual field defects in normal tension glaucoma. METHODS: Eighty-one eyes diagnosed as normal tension glaucoma in patients with early glaucomatous visual field defects were divided into central visual field defects and peripheral visual field defects. The difference between the 2 groups based on the intra-individual comparison were assessed with several ocular risk factors such as sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, laterality, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, cup-disc ratio, peripapillary atrophy, mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, best corrected visual acuity, and refractive errors. RESULTS: The incidence of hypertension in the central visual field defects group (60.6%) was higher than in the peripheral visual field defects group (22.9%, p = 0.001). The central corneal thickness in the central group (533.1 +/- 18.2 microm) was thinner than in the peripheral group (545.0 +/- 30.0 microm, p = 0.003). Hypertension was the only risk factors for central visual field defects (p = 0.001). In both the central group and peripheral group, upper visual field defects were more common than lower defects. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension in patients with normal tension glaucoma was a factor involved in central visual field defects. Additionally, numerous visual field defects were mainly found the superior portion.
Atrophy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Eye ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

The treatment of moya moya disease, a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology, isn't settled ut various operative methods to maximize cerebral revascularization have been reported. Two cases in children treated surgically are presented, one with cerebroarteriosynangiosis and the other with encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis(EDAS). The methods of cerebral revascularization are discussed in detail.
Cerebral Revascularization ; Child* ; Humans ; Moyamoya Disease*

Neurilemmoma is characteristically an encapsulated benign tumor originating from the neural sheath of peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerves. Whereas between 25% and 45% of all such lesions occur in the region of the head and neck, only 4% of them are found in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Recently, we experienced a case of isolated neuilemmoma of the nasal septum in a 33-year-old female patient who complained of nasal obstruction and postnasal drip over 1 year. The tumor mass was successfully removed by transnasal endoscopic excision under general anesthesia. The patient had an uneventful course with no signs of recurrence. We present our review of the clinicopathologic features, radiologic findings and the value of endoscopy in treatment of this tumor.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Cranial Nerves ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Septum* ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma* ; Nose ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Recurrence

A 16-month-old male with mouth breathing due to intranasal mass and obstruction from birth is the subject of this report. CT (computerizd tomography) scan and MCTC (metrizamide CT cisternography) showed only a mass forming a cyst in the left nasal cavity, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the connection between the cranial content and the intranasal mass. The mass was concluded to be a congenital intranasal meningocele of a transethmoidal type, and dural plasty by bifrontal craniotomy was initially performed. The remaining herniated sac was removed by intranasal endoscopic resection. MRI has numerous advantages over CT. With MRI's multiplanar capability, there is no need for artificial dilution of the image of surrounding bone, and thus makes it the most valuable image technique for skull base lesions, making the diagnosis of intranasal meningocele much easier than it would be using conventional methods.
Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Meningocele* ; Mouth Breathing ; Nasal Cavity ; Parturition ; Skull Base

BACKGROUND: Outpatient surgery has recently grown at a substantial rate. The development and use of short acting anesthetic and analgesic agents have played a major role in the growth of outpatient surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the intraoperative hemodynamic responses and recovery characteristics, using propofol or isoflurane to maintain the anesthesia. METHODS: A total number of 30, ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for outpatient surgery, all of whom were to undergo excision of breast mass. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, or inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane after induction of anesthesia with propofol. All patients were ventilated via a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) using a mixture of oxygen and air so that the FiO2 would be 0.4. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes during anesthesia in recovery time, or in complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both methods provide reasonably rapid and reliable recovery from anesthesia and are equally acceptable to the patients.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures* ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Breast ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Laryngeal Masks ; Outpatients* ; Oxygen ; Propofol*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of AlloDerm(R) graft on the management of exposed hydroxyapatite orbital implants. METHODS: Seven eyes of 7 patients with large exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants were included. After the spicules of hydroxyapatite implants were smoothened with a drill, AlloDerm(R) was applied to the exposed site and sutured with 8-0 Vicryl. One or two layers of amniotic membrane were transplanted on the AlloDerm(R) graft. RESULTS: All patients underwent the drilling, and the mean intervals from drilling to exposure was 73.4 +/- 46.6 months. The mean follow-up period was 11.17 +/- 2.0 months (range, 9-14 months). Complete conjunctival epithelization occurred in 3 eyes, and partial conjunctival epithelization in 3, including one eye which underwent reoperation with AlloDerm(R). In one eye which had been associated with previous infection, hydroxyapatite was removed due to progressive exposure and inflammation of the implant. CONCLUSIONS: AlloDerm(R) graft is useful in the management of exposed hydroxyapatite implant.
Allografts* ; Amnion ; Durapatite* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Orbital Implants ; Polyglactin 910 ; Reoperation ; Transplants

The bone mass and microarchitecture are important determinants of bone strength, with microarchitectural deterioration being one of the specific changes associated with osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the results of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry of biopsied specimens. A bone biopsy was performed on the iliac crest of 10 normal premenopausal Korean women. Measurements of the bone mineral density (BMD), micro-CT, and bone histomorphometry were performed. The bone volume, as determined by both micro-CT and histomorphometry, was significantly correlated (r=0.88, p < 0.01). The osteoid surface was correlated with both the bone volume (r=0.84, p < 0.01) and the structure model index (SMI) (r= -0.89, p < 0.01) measured by micro-CT. The SMI was correlated with both the bone volume (r=-0.85, p < 0.01) and the total hip BMD (r=-0.65, p < 0.05). In conclusion, some, but not all of the parameters of the micro-CT, were well correlated with the bone histomorphometric results. Micro-CT and histomorphometry appear to be complementary techniques in the study of bone microarchitecture.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/*radiography ; Female ; Human ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of spectral transmission of the commercial three shade guides and the relationship of hue, value, and chroma according to the transmission rate. The spectral transmittance of three shade guides - Vita Lumin Shade Guide, Vintage and Unibond Shade Guide, and Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide - were measured. For direct transmission measurements, each shade tabs were placed at the entrance port of the 1mm diameter intergrating sphere. The intensity of the light source passing through the shade tabs to the right angle was continuously recorded for wavelength from 400 to 700 nm. A transmission spectrum and digital data were obtained for each measurement and they were evaluated using Microcal Origin program. The obtained results of this study were as follows 1. In Vita Lumin Shade Guide, sum of the transmission rate of the shade tabs at the wavelength 400-700nm was decreased in agreement with the arrangement order at each A, B, C, D group, except D4 shade tab. However, there were no relationships between the transmission rate of the shade tabs and the value-oriented. 2. In Vintage and Unibond Shade Guide, sum of the total transmission rate of the shade tabs was decreased in agreement with the arrangement order at each A, B, C, D group. When all shade tabs arranged in value-oriented, transmission rate was accord with the order, except D4 shade tab. 3. When shade tabs of the Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide have the same value and hue, sum of their total transmission rate decreased in accordance with the chroma-oriented. When the shade tabs have the same value and chroma, there were no differences from the order of the transmission rate to the various hue type. However, in the "R" tabs of reddish hue type, the transmission rate increased at the long wavelength range area. In conclusion, we need the quantitative analyzing instruments in transmission determination. Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide covers the tooth color space taking into account the parameters of the systematic value, chroma, hue oriented, and the transmission rate relatively accorded with that sequence.
Light* ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of Akreos(R) hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation compared with implantation of Acrysof(R) hydrophobic acrylic IOL. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed each fifty eyes in 50 patients who had undergone phacoemulsification and implantation of Akreos(R) and Acrysof(R) IOLs, with a minimum follow-up period of one year. RESULTS: Final visual acuity better than 0.5 and 0.8 was 70% and 27% in the Akreos(R) implanted group, and 82% and 46% in the Acrysof(R) group. Predictability less than 1.0D was seen in 23 eyes (46%) in the Akreos(R) group. This is a significantly low percentage compared with that seen in 43 eyes (86%) in the Acrysof(R) group. The final spherical equivalent of -0.93+/-0.92D in the Akreos(R) group represented statistically significant myopic refractive error compared with -0.49+/-0.82D in the Acrysof(R) group. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to consider the myopic refractive error toDetermine the proper target refraction for the implantation of Akreos(R) IOL.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity