No abstract available.

Exploring the risk factors of adolescent suicide is important for effective suicide prevention. This study explored the clustering of adolescent suicides based on six risk factors: mental disorder, broken family, depression, anxiety, previous suicide attempts, and deviant behaviors. Using 173 student suicide reports obtained from the Ministry of Education, we evaluated the associations between suicide and variables related to mental disorders; dysfunctional family life; depression and anxiety; previous suicide attempts; deviant behaviors such as drinking and smoking; and school life characteristics, including attendance and discipline, problems within the past year, and incidents prior to suicide. In addition, reports of warning signs just before suicide were included in the analysis. The two-stage cluster analysis classified the students into three clusters: the silent type (cluster 1; 48.55%), in which no risk factors were observed; environmental-risk type (cluster 2: 24.28%), which featured a high frequency of broken households, deviant behaviors such as smoking/drinking and running away from home; and depressive type (cluster 3: 27.17%), which featured a high frequency of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide attempts. Identifying the sub-types of adolescent suicide may help to inform tailored suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school.

To evaluate the characteristics of violent behavior of psychiatric inpatients, the authors reviewed clinical records of psychiatric patients who had admitted at UiJong Bu St. Mary's Hospital from January 1994 to lune 1995. We divided the 287 subjects into violent and nonviolent group according to the presence of violent behaviors in psychiatric ward. We assessed demographic variables, clinical characteristics and violent behaviors using Overt Aggression Scale and compared these variables of violent group with nonviolent group. The results were as follows: 1) The number of violent patients was 72(25.1% of the total). 2) In terms of demographic variables, the differences between two groups in education and occupation were significant(p<.05). 3) In psychiatric diagnoses, violent group were more likely to have mania, schizophrenia and organic rental disorder in sequence but there were no differences between violent and nonviolent group. 4) The history of violent behavior was greater in violent group(p<.001) and the mode of admission was significantly different between two groups(p<.005). 5) In cluster of psychopathology on admission, more frequently found clusters of psychopathology in violent group were agitation-excitement and hostile- suspiciousness and there were significant differences between two groups(p<.001). 6) The length of stay in violent group(59.3 days)was significantly longer than nonviolent group(38.4 days)(p<.001). 7) The types of violent behavior were verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects and physical aggression against other people in frequency sequence. 8) The most frequent type of behavioral clue before violent behavior was hyperactive, loud, verbally abusive, angry, hostile(68.1%). 9) Most of violent behaviors were presented between midday and 6 pm. in resting time. 10) 62.3% of total violent behaviors were occurred within first week following admission. 11) The variables which showed significant effects on total aggression score were religion, educational status, occupation, mode of admission, psychiatric diagnosis, psychopathology on admission and history of violent behavior before admission. In summary, these results showed similar trends compared to previous studies on characteristics of psychiatric inpatients. And we fecund that more important predictors of violent behavior in practice were likely to be history of violent behavior, psychopathology on admission and behavioral cue before violent behavior.
Aggression ; Bipolar Disorder ; Cues ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Length of Stay ; Mental Disorders ; Occupations ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, and could be a candidate gene for causing the bipolar disorders. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the association of the VNTR(variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphic locus in the first intron of the TH gene with bipolar disorders. METHODS: We typed VNTB polymorphic region of the TH gene using PCR in 115 bipolar patients and 85 normal controls. Four types of alleles(A, B, C, D) were typed according to the difference of the repeat(TCAT)6-9 number. The frequencies of allele and genotype were compared between patients and normal controls, and in patients and normal controls allelic frequencies were compared respectively in terms of family history of affective disorders and age of onset. RESULTS: 1) The allelic frequencies were significantly lower in type A, and significantly higher in type D in patient group compared to control group. The genotype frequencies were significantly higher in type BD in patient group than in control group. 2) In comparing the allelic frequencies among patient group with and without family history and control group, there were no significant differences between groups with and without family history, whereas patient group with family history showed lower significance in type A and higher significance in type D compared to control group. 3) In comparing the allelic frequencies among patient groups with early onset and late onset and control group, patient group with early onset showed higher significance in type D than patient group with late onset and showed lower significance in type A and higher significance in type D compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the VNTR polymorphic region of the TH gene might be associated bipolar disorders, and type A and type D alleles might be susceptibility genes of bipolar disorder.
Age of Onset ; Alleles ; Bipolar Disorder ; Catecholamines ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns ; Mood Disorders ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase* ; Tyrosine*

Objective: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the Diagnostic Interview for the Internet Addiction Scale (DIA) among Korean children and adolescents in the clinical setting. Methods: We collected the clinical data from university hospitals in South Korea and 194 children and adolescents (aged 7–18 years) completed the questionnaire. The content validity was conducted on 10 items of the DIA and an internal consistency test was performed for the verification of reliability. Results: Participants on average, aged 13.17 years (standard deviation=2.46), and 75.3% (n=146) were boys. The DIA was highly correlated with the scores of the Korean scale for Internet addiction for adolescents, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Internet addiction proneness scale for children and adolescents. The overall sampling suitability of the 10-item scale was tested using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, resulting in a high value of 0.861. The DIA revealed a two-factor structure and the Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.806. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (root-mean square error of approximation=0.058, comparative fit index=0.950, and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.919). Conclusion The DIA may suggest in-depth-scale examinations of the factors that influence Internet addiction. We may expect that DIA would be used efficiently for the diagnosing of Internet addiction and further studies for the assessment.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the Diagnostic Interview for the Internet Addiction Scale (DIA) among Korean children and adolescents in the clinical setting. Methods: We collected the clinical data from university hospitals in South Korea and 194 children and adolescents (aged 7–18 years) completed the questionnaire. The content validity was conducted on 10 items of the DIA and an internal consistency test was performed for the verification of reliability. Results: Participants on average, aged 13.17 years (standard deviation=2.46), and 75.3% (n=146) were boys. The DIA was highly correlated with the scores of the Korean scale for Internet addiction for adolescents, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Internet addiction proneness scale for children and adolescents. The overall sampling suitability of the 10-item scale was tested using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, resulting in a high value of 0.861. The DIA revealed a two-factor structure and the Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.806. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (root-mean square error of approximation=0.058, comparative fit index=0.950, and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.919). Conclusion The DIA may suggest in-depth-scale examinations of the factors that influence Internet addiction. We may expect that DIA would be used efficiently for the diagnosing of Internet addiction and further studies for the assessment.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the Diagnostic Interview for the Internet Addiction Scale (DIA) among Korean children and adolescents in the clinical setting. Methods: We collected the clinical data from university hospitals in South Korea and 194 children and adolescents (aged 7–18 years) completed the questionnaire. The content validity was conducted on 10 items of the DIA and an internal consistency test was performed for the verification of reliability. Results: Participants on average, aged 13.17 years (standard deviation=2.46), and 75.3% (n=146) were boys. The DIA was highly correlated with the scores of the Korean scale for Internet addiction for adolescents, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Internet addiction proneness scale for children and adolescents. The overall sampling suitability of the 10-item scale was tested using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, resulting in a high value of 0.861. The DIA revealed a two-factor structure and the Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.806. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (root-mean square error of approximation=0.058, comparative fit index=0.950, and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.919). Conclusion The DIA may suggest in-depth-scale examinations of the factors that influence Internet addiction. We may expect that DIA would be used efficiently for the diagnosing of Internet addiction and further studies for the assessment.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the Diagnostic Interview for the Internet Addiction Scale (DIA) among Korean children and adolescents in the clinical setting. Methods: We collected the clinical data from university hospitals in South Korea and 194 children and adolescents (aged 7–18 years) completed the questionnaire. The content validity was conducted on 10 items of the DIA and an internal consistency test was performed for the verification of reliability. Results: Participants on average, aged 13.17 years (standard deviation=2.46), and 75.3% (n=146) were boys. The DIA was highly correlated with the scores of the Korean scale for Internet addiction for adolescents, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Internet addiction proneness scale for children and adolescents. The overall sampling suitability of the 10-item scale was tested using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, resulting in a high value of 0.861. The DIA revealed a two-factor structure and the Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.806. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (root-mean square error of approximation=0.058, comparative fit index=0.950, and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.919). Conclusion The DIA may suggest in-depth-scale examinations of the factors that influence Internet addiction. We may expect that DIA would be used efficiently for the diagnosing of Internet addiction and further studies for the assessment.