No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Thorax*

The majority of injections intended to be intramuscular are actually delivered into fat in the area of thebuttock in most of the patients having a thick gluteal fat layer. Injections of some drugs can cause tissuenecrosis that ensues in scar formation and often in dystrophic calcifiation giving rise to ring-like densities inantero-posterior radiographs of the pelvis. We studied the incidence and characteristics of calcifications in thebuttocks frequently noted in pelvic radiographs and whether they have any relationship with thickness anddistribution pattern of the fat layer in the buttocks. Pelvic radiograms of 220 consecutive patients (110 malesand 110 females) with the age ranging from 16 to 76 years(average 39) were reviewed. The area of buttock was divided arbitrarily into four quadrants by the vertical line crossing the center of the head of each femur and thehorizontal line connecting the summit of each femoral head, and the upper outer quadrant was further divided into four quadrants(Fig. 1). We measured the thickness of the extraperitoneal fat layer at the level where it cross theiliac crest bilaterally. The results were as follows; 1. Thirty out of 220 cases(14%) showed calcifications in thebuttock. 2. Calcifications in the buttock were much more frequent in female than in male (p<0.01). 3. Theincidence of calcifications increased with age(P<0.01) and with increase in fat layer thickness(P<0.01). 4,Calcifications in the buttock were mostly located at the upper outer quadrant of the buttock (78%). 5. Inconclusion, we assume that calcifications in the buttock are result of fat necrosis after injection into fatinstead of muscle.
Buttocks ; Cicatrix ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Femur ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pelvis

Although rare spontaneous regression of either primary or metastatic malignant tumor in the absence of inadequate therapy has been well documented. Since the earliest day of this century various malignant tumors havebeen reported to spontaneously disappear or to be arrested of their growth, but the cases of hepatocarcinoma has been very rare. From the literature, we were able to find out 5 previously reported cases of hepatocarcinoma which showed spontaneous regression at the primary site. Recently we have seen a case of multiple pulmonary metastaticnodules of hepatocarcinoma which completely regressed spontaneously and this forms the basis of the present casereport. The patient was 55-year-old male admitted to St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College because of ahard palpable mass in the epigastrium on April 26, 1978. The adimssion PA chest roentgenogram revealed multiplesmall nodular densities scattered throughout both lung field especially in lower zones and toward the peripheralportion . A hepatoscintigram revealed a large cold area involving the left lobe and inermediate zone of the liver. Alfa-fetoprotein and hepatitis B serum antigen test were positive whereas many other standard liver function teststurned out to be negative. A needle biopsy of the tumor revealed well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient was put under chemotherapy which consisted of 5 FU 500 mg intravenously for 6 days form April 28 to May 3,1978. The patient was discharged after this single course of 5 FU treatment and was on a herb medicine, the nature and quantity of which obscure. No other specific treatment was given. The second admission took place on Dec. 3, 1980 because of irregularity in bowel habits and dyspepsia. A follow up PA chest roentgenogram obtained on the second admission revealed disappearance of previously noted multiple pulmonary nodular lesions. Follow up liverscan revealed persistence of the cold area in the left lobe with slight decreased in size. The patient was discharged again without any specific prescription after confirming negative resuls of various clinical studies including upper GI series and colon study. At the time of finishing this paper the patient is doing well without apparent medical problems.
Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Colon ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspepsia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prescriptions ; Thorax

There are many established roentgen signs of ascites such as hepatic angle sign, generalized graying of the abdomen, frog belly appearance and Hellmer's sign. These signs are easily recognized in the standard flat abdomen film. It is however hardly possible to recognize such signs in small films of double contrasted upper GI series. By a retrospectroscopical observation we were able to find some interesting signs of massive ascites in small size films of double contrasted stomach and duodenum of upper GI series. The clinical materials consisted of 27patients with massive ascites and 30 normal subjects. The signs we observed were ;(1) Constriction deformity of the junction of the fundus and body of the stomach. We named this "waist" sign. This constriction was attended by convergence of mucosal folds. We called this "converging folds" sign. (2) The fundus assumed electric bulbappearance with its long axis directed vertically. We called this "electric bulb" sign. In normal subjects the fundus assumed beret-cap like appearance. These signs were only appreciated in the supine and RAO views and not in other views. Of these new signs of massive ascites where fundic view was obtained in supine or RAO position.
Abdomen ; Ascites ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction ; Duodenum ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Ventriculostomy*

BACKGROUND: Human hair usually emerges from the scalp in groups of 2 or 3-hair units. Hair densities and grouping patterns in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients are known to be different from those in normal adults, but no comparative study has ever before been made in Korea. Therefore we have developed some technical improvements on phototrichogram methodology to evaluate the differences between these two groups. BACKGROUND: Objectives: This study was performed to quantify Koreans' hair characteristics at each site (vertex, occipital, temporal) of the scalp according to the age and to compare the differences of hair characteristics of AGA and normal adults using phototrichogram. METHODS: Hairs in the precisely defined circle at each (vertex, temporal, occipital) site of the scalp in 37 AGA male patients and 15 healthy male volunteers were evaluated according to age. Each circumscribed area of the scalp, centered with a dot tattoo to ensure reproducibility, was photographed just after shaving, and named 'primary image'. Two days later, the same area was again photographed, and named 'secondary image', from which the hair density and the grouping pattern of hair follicular units were determined by the image analyzer program. RESULTS: The results can be summarized as follows: 1. In normal adult males, the range of hair density was 117~13/cm2~140~16/cm2, with the hair density of the occiput being significantly higher than that of the temple. No significant differences in hair density were shown between vertex and occiput. 2. In AGA male patients, the range of hair density was 102~23/cm2-137~17/cm2, and the differences of the hair density between vertex and occiput were statistically significant. 3. The numbers of grouped hair units per square centimeter in the non-bald adult male group ranged from 59~11/cm2 to 73~14/cm2. The most common grouped hair unit was a 2-hair unit, followed by a 1-hair unit and a 3-hair unit group. 4. In the AGA group, the numbers of grouped hair units per square centimeter ranged from 57~6/cm2 to 72~12/cm2, showing no significance with the control group. The most common grouped hair unit was a 1-hair unit, followed by a 2-hair unit and a 3-hair unit group. CONCLUSIONS: The AGA group compared remarkably with the normal adult male group, showing a lower hair density with a larger proportion of 1-grouped hair units. Based on the data about hair density and hair grouping patterns in AGA patients, surgeons can estimate the area of donor scalp with the most probable number of follicular units in hair trans-plantation procedures.
Adult ; Alopecia* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Scalp* ; Tissue Donors ; Volunteers

Although many approaches have been attempted in the evaluation of liver size such as measurement of length,area and volume, the linear measurements have been used most frequently because of simplicity. We measured theliver size using 4 linear measurements for evaluation of hepatic pliability on plain abdominal film in the erectand the supine position. Our cases consisted of 125 persons who have no symptom or signs clinically and havenormal liver function test. The results were as follows: 1. The measurements of the liver size using diagonaldiameter(DD), oblique diameter of right lobe(OD), midline vertical diameter(MD) and height of right dome of theliver(HD) were ; 19.6+-1.8cm, 13.7+-1.6cm, 2.03+-0.4cm in the supine position; and 20.5+-2.1cm, 21.9+-2.1cm,15.4+-2.1cm, 1.87+-0.4cm in the erect position, respectively. 2. The differences of each diameter between erectand supine position were 0.9+-1.0cm in DD, 0.9+-1.0cm in OD and 1.7+-1.4cm in MD, and they were longer in thesupine position (p<0.001). 3. The HD was slinghtly longer in the supine position than in the erect position(p<0.001). 4. Among the 4 measurements, the largest difference of linear diameter between the erect and the supineposition was by MD. 5. We found the change or size and shape of the normal liver in the different position.
Humans ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Pliability ; Supine Position

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a distinct pathologic entity, characterized by the accumulation of pigmented macrophages within respiratory bronchioles and adjacent to air spaces, and thickening of the peribronchial interstitium. It has been reported to be associated with viral infection, drug, toxic fume, bone marrow transplantation, and connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of bronchiolitis obliterans in the post-renal transplantation state is not yet clear, although several possibilities such as drug toxicity, graft-versus-host disease or postinfectious condition have been postulated. We presented three patient who had bronchiolitis obliterans, as a complication following renal transplantation. Chest radiograph showed bilateral perihilar reticular infiltration or ground glass appearances that progressed to either diffuse alveolar consolidations or solitary nodule. The main finding in each lung biopsy was the presence of macrophages within respiratory bronchioles as well as in the neighboring alveolar ducts and alveoli. Alveolar septa in these areas often showed nonspecific thickening by fibrosis, mild chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and hyperplasia of alveolar lining cells and type II pneumocytes.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bronchioles ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans* ; Bronchiolitis* ; Connective Tissue ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Fibrosis ; Glass ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Pneumocytes ; Radiography, Thoracic

We report a case of xanthoma disseminatum in a 24 year old male paitient. Multiple yellow-brown papules developed on the flexor aurfaces, such as the neck, axillae, antecubital fossae, groin, and perianal regions. Some papules were detected arouns the eyes and uvulai. biopsy specimen revealed a dense infiltrate of histiocytes, foam cells, Touton giant cells, and other inflammatory cells. No Langerhans granules were seen in the electron microscopic analysis.
Axilla ; Biopsy ; Foam Cells ; Giant Cells ; Groin ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Xanthomatosis* ; Young Adult