Anxiety symptoms and disorders frequently coexist in patients with major depression. Two conditions show extentive overlap with respect to symptomatology and a spectrum of disorders. The majority of patients were found to have mixed mixed anxiety-depressive syndrome(42.3%) or depression with comorbid anxiety(19.2%), with only 12.8% of the population having anxiety alone and 10.3% having depression alone. Moreover, the diagnosis of two disodders can be exchanged sometimes. Thus, anxiety and depression can not think over as a completely separate entities, especially for the treatment of two disorders. The presence of anxiety symptoms or disorders has been found to be associated with increased seveity and poorer outcomes of depression. including an increased risk of suicide, higher helplessness, poorer prognosis, more chronic course, more functional and psychosocial impairment. However, there is no confirmative pathogenesis for the anxious depression. Maybe it is supposed for the interactions of the neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine. All the antidepressants and anxiolytics can be used for the treatment of anxious depression, eventhough venalfaxine, mirtazapine & SSRIs were recommended for the first choice recently. However, TCAs and Benzodiazepines have some limits in the side of the adversive effects, addiction and the risk of suicide. Thu, benzodiazepines have to be used as a adjunctives or shortterm trial for the control of anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy is useful way to treat the anxious depression, however, it might be effective with pharmacotherapy. St. John's wort as a herbal medicine, rapide Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(rTMS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation(VNS) will be applied in the future time.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Hypericum ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Prognosis ; Serotonin ; Suicide ; Vagus Nerve

Anxiety symptoms and disorders frequently coexist in patients with major depression. Two conditions show extentive overlap with respect to symptomatology and a spectrum of disorders. The majority of patients were found to have mixed mixed anxiety-depressive syndrome(42.3%) or depression with comorbid anxiety(19.2%), with only 12.8% of the population having anxiety alone and 10.3% having depression alone. Moreover, the diagnosis of two disodders can be exchanged sometimes. Thus, anxiety and depression can not think over as a completely separate entities, especially for the treatment of two disorders. The presence of anxiety symptoms or disorders has been found to be associated with increased seveity and poorer outcomes of depression. including an increased risk of suicide, higher helplessness, poorer prognosis, more chronic course, more functional and psychosocial impairment. However, there is no confirmative pathogenesis for the anxious depression. Maybe it is supposed for the interactions of the neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine. All the antidepressants and anxiolytics can be used for the treatment of anxious depression, eventhough venalfaxine, mirtazapine & SSRIs were recommended for the first choice recently. However, TCAs and Benzodiazepines have some limits in the side of the adversive effects, addiction and the risk of suicide. Thu, benzodiazepines have to be used as a adjunctives or shortterm trial for the control of anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy is useful way to treat the anxious depression, however, it might be effective with pharmacotherapy. St. John's wort as a herbal medicine, rapide Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(rTMS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation(VNS) will be applied in the future time.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Hypericum ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Prognosis ; Serotonin ; Suicide ; Vagus Nerve

No abstract available.
Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Carbamazepine* ; Haloperidol*

Tetanus is a rare disease in the developed countries, including Korea, as a result of nearly universal active immunization. Because many physicians have little experience with its diagnosis and management, misdiagnosis and therapeutic delay may result in catastrophic consequences. We report one case of generalized tetanus. A previously healthy 35-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department because of stiffness on jaw and neck. board-like abdomen, extended and rigid both legs, chest tightness, and dyspnea. Seven days before admission, he was injured on the right thing at work. In the emergency department, he was given 5,000 units of human tetanus immunoglobulin intramuscularly, as well as diazepam 2 mg/hr intravenously. On the second hospital day, tracheostomy was performed. Ten days later, his condition was improved. Twenty eight days after admission, he was discharged without any complication.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Developed Countries ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Diazepam ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Jaw ; Korea ; Leg ; Neck ; Rare Diseases ; Tetanus* ; Thorax ; Tracheostomy ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare risperidone(as an atypical antipsychotic) with haloperidol(as a typical antipsychotic), so we examined the clinical effects and changes of plasma HVA, 5-HIAA & HVA/5-HIAA ratio after 8 week of risperidone or haloperidol trial. METHOD: Twenty-six male chronic schizophrenic patients were treated for 8 weeks with risperidone(N=14) and haloperidol(N=12). The duration of wash-out period was 14 days. The psychopathologic assessment was chechked by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and plasma HVA & 5-HIAA was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detector. The checking points were just before drug trial and 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th week(total 5 times). RESULTS: 1) Risperidone trial group were more improved than haloperidol tiral group in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative and general psychopathy). 2) Changes of plasma HVA and 5-HIAA in the risperidone and haloperidol trial group were not statistically different. But because baseline 5-HIAA of risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group, the increase of haloperidol trial group would be more. 3) There was significant difference in changes of HVA/5-HIAA ratio between risperidone and haloperidol trial group. But the change of HVA compared with 5-HIAA in risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that risperidone was more effective in clinical symptoms, and suggest that cause of these results may be due to blocking both of dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors of risperidone.
Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid* ; Male ; Plasma* ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Tramadol

No abstract available.
Incontinentia Pigmenti*

No abstract available.
Progeria*

The treatment of extensive soft tissue injury of the lower extremities is known to be one difficulty in the field of orthopedic surgery. At present, reconstructive surgery with large cutaneous flaps is being employed, and the authors present 2 cases of a combination of flaps for extensive soft tissue injury of the lower extremity at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Severance Hospital during a 5 months period from June, 1983 to November, 1983. The results of the study are as follows: 1. A one-stage reconstruction of extensive soft tissue injury was done with a combination of a scapular and a latissimus dorsi flap. 2. There was no limitation of motion of the shoulder in spite of the excision of the scapular and the latissimus dorsi flaps around the axillary area. 3. The primary closure of the donor flap sites was feasible. 4. The reconstructive surgery of the extensive soft tissue injury using the above combination of the scapular and latissimus dorsi flaps can be used without restriction as to the age of the patient.
Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Shoulder ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tissue Donors