An immunohistochemical stain for p53 tumor suppressor gene product was performed in 59 primary lung cancers to study the relation between its expression and type of the tumor, degree of tumor differentiation,clinical stage and smoking. The results were as follows: 1. The expression of mutant p53 protein was noted in 28 of 59 cases(47.5%) of primary lung cancers. The p53 protein was expressed in 21 of 35(60%) squamous cell carcinomas, in 6 of 21(28.6%) adenocarcinomas, and 1 of 1(100%) small cell carcinoma. There was a significant difference in expression of p53 among the different histologic types of lung cancer(p<0.05). 2. The incidence of p53 protein expression did not correlate with the degree of tumor cell differentiation or the clinical stage of lung carcinoma(p>0.05). 3. The incidence of p53 protein expression was higher in smokers(current: 75%, former: 46.2%) than in non-smokers(5.6%) and was increased in direct proportion to the pack years. There was a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and smoking(p<0.05). The mutation of p53 gene may often be an early event in the development of lung cancer and it is suggested that the smoking known as a risk factor for the development of the lung cancer may be associated with the transformation of p53 tumor suppressor gene into mutant p53 gene or oncogene.
Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Lung Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Leiomyosarcoma*

The posterior cruciate ligament plays as basic stabilizer of the knee. Therefore the knee becomes unstable when tibial insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament is avulsed. The diagnosis may be delsyed or missed because of surgeon's 1sck of awareness or rare condition. The authors treated seven cases of avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligsment at the tibial attachment ares ranged from ten to thirty-two years. There were five male and two female. The results were as follows : 1. The cause of all seven cases injury was traffic accident. 2. The physical findings were seven positive posterior drawer test, seven cases of abrasion or laceration over the anterior proximal tibial surface and antero-medial surfsce of the knee joint. 3. The associated injury was comminuted fracture of the tibia and femur (1 case), rupture of collateral ligsment and comminuted fracture of the tibia (1 case) and zygomatic fracture (1 case). 4. The treatment methods were four cancellous fixation, one K-wire fixation after epiphyseal plate fusion but each one pull out wire and dexon suture before epiphyseal plate fusion. 5. The motion of knee joint was within normal limit and no instsbility was inspected at the three months after reduction.
Accidents, Traffic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lacerations ; Male ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Tibia ; Zygomatic Fractures

Clear cell sarcoma of tendon and aponeuroses is slow growing and painless. It occur chiefIy in young adults, predominates in women and is most common in the region of the foot and knee. It is intimately bound to tendons or aponeuroses and is composed of srnall nest or aggregates of round or fusiform, pale staining cells showing prominent nucleoli. And it is tend to recur and to resuIt in eventual development of metastatic growth after a protracted clinical ccurs. Herein, we report a case of clear cell sarcorna of tendon anu aponeuross of metatarsophalangeal joint area between 2nd and 3rd light of left foot. The patient, 50-year-old female had a slow groving, asymptomatic, slightly eevated, emooth surfaced and normal skin colored mass for 2 years. Histopatholcigic tindings in dermis revealed nests of atypical polygonal or monotonous cells. Each cell had vesicular or hyperchrornatic nucleus with prominent nucleoli, occcasionally mitotic figure and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. For. treatment, transmetatarsal amputation was done.
Amputation ; Cytoplasm ; Dermis ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Foot* ; Humans ; Knee ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell* ; Skin ; Tendons ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Brain Edema* ; Brain* ; Decompressive Craniectomy*

No abstract available.
Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Constriction, Pathologic*

PURPOSE: The bladder urothelium releases adenosine 5'-triphosphate(ATP) with mechanical stretch, which increases in a pathologic state such as a neurogenic bladder. We investigated the characteristics of detrusor overactivity induced by the intravesical instillation of ATP. MATERIALS AN METHODS: Under urethane anesthesia, cystometry was performed on female Sprague-Dawley rats. After pretreatment with protamine sulfate(PS, 10mg/ml), ATP(60mM, pH 6.0) was continuously infused intravesically. The effects of intravenous injection of pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid(PPADS) on ATP-induced detrusor overactivity were studied. Changes in cystometric parameters including parameters of each voiding phase, including bladder pressure increase rate(slope; Ph1slope), maximal bladder pressure(Ph1MBP, Ph2MBP, Ph3MBP), mean bladder pressure(Ph2meanBP) and variation of intraluminal pressure high-frequency oscillations(IPHFOs) were analysed. RESULTS: With the intravesical instillation of ATP after PS pretreatment, the intercontraction interval(ICI) decreased significantly(544.2+/-167.2s vs 222.3+/-170.8s, p=0.001), maximal voiding pressure(MVP) decreased significantly(31.3+/-4.7cmH2O vs 25+/-2.9cmH2O, p=0.001), and pressure threshold (PT) decreased significantly(4.0+/-1.3cmH2O vs 1.4+/-0.8cmH2O, p=0.001). Changes in the ICI, MVP & PT induced by intravesical instillation of ATP were reversed by intravenous injection of PPADS. Ph1slope, Ph1MBP, Ph2MBP, Ph2meanBP and Ph3MBP were decreased, but IPHFOs were not affected by intravesical application of ATP. Conclusions: Intravesical instillation of ATP in female rats induced detrusor overactivity, which may be mediated by acting on the urine storage phase.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

PURPOSE: The bladder urothelium releases adenosine 5'-triphosphate(ATP) with mechanical stretch, which increases in a pathologic state such as a neurogenic bladder. We investigated the characteristics of detrusor overactivity induced by the intravesical instillation of ATP. MATERIALS AN METHODS: Under urethane anesthesia, cystometry was performed on female Sprague-Dawley rats. After pretreatment with protamine sulfate(PS, 10mg/ml), ATP(60mM, pH 6.0) was continuously infused intravesically. The effects of intravenous injection of pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid(PPADS) on ATP-induced detrusor overactivity were studied. Changes in cystometric parameters including parameters of each voiding phase, including bladder pressure increase rate(slope; Ph1slope), maximal bladder pressure(Ph1MBP, Ph2MBP, Ph3MBP), mean bladder pressure(Ph2meanBP) and variation of intraluminal pressure high-frequency oscillations(IPHFOs) were analysed. RESULTS: With the intravesical instillation of ATP after PS pretreatment, the intercontraction interval(ICI) decreased significantly(544.2+/-167.2s vs 222.3+/-170.8s, p=0.001), maximal voiding pressure(MVP) decreased significantly(31.3+/-4.7cmH2O vs 25+/-2.9cmH2O, p=0.001), and pressure threshold (PT) decreased significantly(4.0+/-1.3cmH2O vs 1.4+/-0.8cmH2O, p=0.001). Changes in the ICI, MVP & PT induced by intravesical instillation of ATP were reversed by intravenous injection of PPADS. Ph1slope, Ph1MBP, Ph2MBP, Ph2meanBP and Ph3MBP were decreased, but IPHFOs were not affected by intravesical application of ATP. Conclusions: Intravesical instillation of ATP in female rats induced detrusor overactivity, which may be mediated by acting on the urine storage phase.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

No abstract available.
Drug Resistance* ; Korea* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor which occurs mainly in the skin, salivary gland and very rarely in the breast. Histologically this tumor demonstrates biphasic differentiation of luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. We report a case of adenomyoepithelioma occuring in the outer lower quadrant of the right breast of a 56-year-old female, confirmed histologically with an aid of immunohistochemistry. This is the first documented report in Korean literature.
Adenomyoepithelioma* ; Breast* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Phenobarbital ; Salivary Glands ; Skin