No abstract available in English.
Arthroplasty ; Friction ; Hip ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Salivary Ducts*

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the ball-cone contact interface variation on the ceramic ball stress which is the dominant factor of the design of the moldular artificial hip joint. A contact stress analysis problem is formulated using the optimization principle and finite element analysis technique on the ball-cone system of three dimensional axi-symmetrical model, Numerical procedure is employed to get the solution for varying angles of cones and angular mismatches between the ball and cone interfaces. There is a fair amount of friction in the interface and included in the analysis model.
Ceramics ; Finite Element Analysis ; Friction ; Hip Joint ; Hip

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis*

No abstract available.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia*

VEP is a gross electrical signal generated by the occipital region of the cortex in response to visual stimuli and it is useful in refraction, optic nerve disease, color blindness, amblyopia, field defect, macular disease, etc. We used Horizon computer with UTAS-E and normal VEP at different checksize was measured on 30 subjects(60 eyes) with visual acuity better than 1.0. The pattern reversal frequency was 2 Hz., analysis time was 250 msec., artifact reject threshold was 75 micro V., low-pass filter cut-off was 30Hz., high-pass filter cut-off was 1Hz. The check sizes used were 16 X 16(50min), 32 X 32(25min) and 64 X 64(12.5min). The results were as follows; 1. 16 X 16 (50min). amplitude: 8.18 +/- 3.55 micro V., latency: 106.78 +/- 4.28 msec. 2. 32 X 32(25min). amplitude: 8.48 +/- 5.99 micro V., latency: 106.68 +/- 3.82 msec. 3. 64 X 64(12.5min). amplitude: 7.79 +/- 3.68 micro V., latency: 109.73 +/- 5.15 msec. 4. The change of latency between 32 X 32 and 64 X 64 check-size was statistically significant(p<0.05). 5. The amplitude was largest in 32 X 32(25min.) check-size but statistically not significant(p>0.05). 6. The latency was most increased in 64 X 64(12.5min.) check-size and it was statistically significant(p<0.001).
Amblyopia ; Artifacts ; Color Vision Defects ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Visual Acuity

A poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is partly due to the invasiveness and metastasis of the tumor. A key element in tumor invasion and metastasis in the degradation of extracellular matrix is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study was performed to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of oral SCCs with regard to the histologic invasiveness and differentiation in 5 normal oral mucosa and 36 oral SCCs. The histologic invasiveness of oral SCCs were classified into 4 grades. The differentiation of oral SCCs was divided into 3 grades. The streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining, using MMP-2 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies, was performed to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The expression of MMP-2 was positive in 6 of 17 oral SCCs with weak invasiveness and was positive in 7 of 19 oral SCCs with strong invasiveness. The MMP-2 expression did not increase significantly with respect to the invasiveness of oral SCCs (P>0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was strongly positive in 6 out of 17 SCCs with weak invasiveness and was strongly positive in 14 of 19 SCCs with strong invasiveness. The MMP-9 expression increased significantly with respect to the invasiveness of oral SCCs; the stronger the expression, the stronger the invasiveness (P<0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was in 57.9% of well differentiated SCCs, 57.1% of moderately differentiated ones, and 33.3% of poorly differentiated SCCs. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not increase significantly with respect to the histologic differentiation. We conclude that with respect to the invasiveness, the MMP-9 expression increases significantly in oral SCCs but the MMP-2 expression does not; and that with respect to the histologic differentiation, their expressions do not increase significantly. These results suggeste that MMP-9 can be used as a tool to evaluate the invasiveness of oral SCCs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: Escalator-related injuries have been considered uncommon and most likely to occur to children. We set out to describe the epidemiology of these injuries with focus on the aging population in order to determine whether or not escalators are safe for the aged, and in order to obtain information to help in preventing escalator-related injuries. METHODS: A prospective survey was undertaken to identify the number and nature of these injuries from May 2004 to June 2006. We enrolled patients who had sustained escalated- related injuries and a standard list of questions and answers were recorded by the emergency physician. A total of 54 Such questionnaires were completed during the study period. Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0K. RESULTS: The average patient age 63.40+/-20.92 years (range 3-94). There were 18 (33.3%) males. Only 4 (7.4%) were younger than their sixteen year, but 36 (66.7%) were over age 65 and 17 of those were injured from standing on escalators. However of 18 patients younger than age 65, 13 were injured from walking on moving escalators. CONCLUSION: Escalator-related injuries are not as uncommon as previously believed and the aged population over 65 years old is the highest risk group. Additionally, walking on moving escalator was a cause of injuries. Therefore, two orimary prevention strategies are needed. Provision of alternatives to escalators for people over 65 and keeping passengers from walking on escalators.
Aged ; Aging ; Child ; Elevators and Escalators ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Walking

PURPOSE: We investigated the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil, and the selection rate of sildenafil, for the continuous treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients who received intracavernous injection (ICI) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 ED patients (55.1+/-12.3 years) who received ICI therapy, with trimix (papaverine 18.75mg+phentolamine 0.625mg+PGE1 6.25microgram/ ml) for more than 6 months, were recruited for this study. All patients received a starting dose of 50mg sildenafil. The dose was adjusted to 100mg or 25mg based on its efficacy and tolerability. The erection quality, side effects, and selection rates of sildenafil for the continuous treatment, with reasons for its selection, were compared with those of ICI. RESULTS: Good erectile responses, to both trimix and sildenafil, were noted in 52 (75.4%) patients. There were no differences in the age, frequency of associated diseases, dose of trimix, duration of the injection therapy, and IIEF Q3 or Q4 on the ICI between sildenafil-responders and -nonresponders. The dose of sildenafil in the responders was 100mg, 50mg and 25mg in 37, 14 and 1, respectively. Of the 52 sildenafil-responders, the erectile quality with ICI was better than with the sildenafil in 46 (88.5%), whereas only 2 showed a better quality, and 4 showed similar responses. Among the 52 responders, 18 (34.6%) preferred to continue the oral drug, 18 (34.6%) used both treatment alternatively, and 16 (30.8%) returned to the ICI. The main reason for selecting sildenafil was its easier administration (88.9%), whereas that for the ICI was its better erection quality (74.3%). The most common adverse reactions to the sildenafil included, hot flushes (17.4%) and headaches (13%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ED on the ICI therapy are likely to have similar erectile responses and adverse reactions to those on sildenafil from their comparison with other clinical trials on sildenafil. However, the selection rate of ICI for the continuous treatment in sildenafil-responders was high due to its better erection quality.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Sildenafil Citrate

Background: The clinical guideline for prehospital blood glucose measurement in hypoglycemia presenting with mental change has not been sure, maybe it has depended on individual decision. Therefore we was going to find out whether the difference of the vital sign between hypoglycemia and non hypoglycemia can give important message or not. Methods: Retrospective study was carried out from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005. The patients with mental change were divided into hypoglycemic group and non hypoglycemic group. Then we compared the difference of vital sign (Blood pressure, respiration rate, heart rate) based on paramedic run reports and medical records. Results: 66 person in hypoglycemic group were aged 60.92+/-16.90 on average. And 67 person in non hypoglycemia were 58.53+/-16.58. The difference of blood pressure, respiration rate is not significantly but only body temperature makes significant difference(P=0.014). Furthermore it was inclined that the lower body temperature was more likely in hypoglycemia(P<0.001). Compared with over 36.0degrees C, probability of hypoglycemia in less than or equal to 36.0degrees C of temperature was more (OR: 54.28, 95% CI: 18.956~155.464). Conclusion: The body temperature gives more significant information in Prehospital blood glucose measurements for hypoglycemic patients with mental change is not absolutely, but recommended in less than 36.0degrees C.
Allied Health Personnel ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Medical Records ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Vital Signs*