Glutathione S-transferase (28GST) with molecular mass of 28 kDa is an antioxidant enzyme abundant in Clonorchis sinensis. In adult C. sinensis, 28GST was localized in tegumental syncytium, cytons, parenchyma, and sperm tails examined by immunoelectron microscopy. C. sinensis 28GST was earlier found to neutralize bioreactive compounds and to be rich in eggs. Accordingly, it is suggested that 28GST plays important roles in phase II defense system and physiological roles in worm fecundity of C. sinensis.
Animals ; Clonorchis sinensis/*enzymology ; Glutathione Transferase/*metabolism/physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Molecular Weight ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

ObjectiveTo observe the inhibition effect of docetaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles (DLLM) combined with ultrasound targeted microbubbles destruction (UTMD) on microvessel in rabbit VX2 liver tumor models.MethodsSixty rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups (n= 10),i.e.Doc group (used docetaxel only),DLLM group (used docetaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles),Doc+US group (used docetaxel combined with ultrasound positioning irradiation),PLM+US group (used microbubbles combined with ultrasound positioning irradiation),DLLM+US group (used docetaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles combined with ultrasound positioning irradiation) and control group.The expression of CD34 and VEGF and microvessel density (MVD) were compared among different groups.ResultsAfter treatment,the expression of CD34 in DLLM+US group was lower,the MVD of DLLM+US group was markedly lower than that of the other groups (P＜0.01),while the expression of VEGF in this group was the lowest among all 6 groups (P＜ 0.01).ConclusionDLLM combined with UTMD can inhibit the generation of microvessels in rabbit VX2 liver tumor,thus inhibit the growth of the tumor.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is rare herediary salt wasting syndrome due to peripheral resistance to aldostrone. PHA type I, subdivided into isolated renal insensitivity to aldosterone of autosomal dominant inheritance and multiple target organ defect of autosomal recessive inheritance, and PHA type II show similar clinical manifestations except hypertension which is limited to type II. PHA type I is charaterized by hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, high plasma aldosterone and renin activity. Variable degrees, completely asymptomatic to severe fatal, of salt loosing manifestationsdehydration, hypotension, failure to thrive, and renal tubular acidosis usually start during infancy. Sodium loss not only from kidney but also from sweat gland, salivary gland and colon may occur in some cases. Recently we experienced two cases of PHA, a 27 days of age male newborn infant with charateristic clinical symptoms and typical laboratory manifestations of PHA, confirm diagnosed as PHA type I of isolated renal defect by pilocarpin iontophoresis showing normal sodium concentration in sweat gland, and his asymptomatic 6 year-old brother with the history of salt loosing symptoms treated until second year of life diagnosed as PHA type I by markedly elevated plasma aldosterone and renin activity. Brief review and related literatures were also presented.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular ; Aldosterone ; Child ; Colon ; Failure to Thrive ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hypertension ; Hyponatremia ; Hypotension ; Infant, Newborn ; Iontophoresis ; Kidney ; Male* ; Plasma ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism* ; Renin ; Salivary Glands ; Siblings* ; Sodium ; Sweat Glands ; Vascular Resistance ; Wasting Syndrome ; Wills

148 male and 153 female college students attitude toward weight control, diet behaviors and food habits were investigated by self questionnaire. Among the students, underweight students were 11.0%, normal weight students were 63.5% and obese students were 25.6% by RBW standard, and underweight students were 16.0%, nromal weight students were 70.4% and obese students were 13.6% by BMI standard. However, more than 10% of male and 38% of female students thought they were obese even thought their body weight were normal. Female students tended to overeat when they were stressed or in a bad mood and generally all participants had poor scores on the dietary attitudes test, however, male students had significantly higher scores than female students. Female students tended to choose food more for its taste. Collegestudents are in early stage of adult life and their dietary attitudes, food behaviors and life style will continue to their later life. Therefore college students need more good nutrition knowledge, positive dietary attitudes, modified life styles to prevent and treat collegestudents obesity.
Adult ; Body Weight ; Diet* ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Obesity ; Thinness ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the sero-prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection and unprotected sexual behavior in an ethnically diverse population of HIVinfected subjects in a county of Yunnan province. Methods HIV-infected individuals attending for routine follow-up by local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were recruited to participate in the study under 'informed consent'. A face-to-face questionnaire interview was administered to each participant. Blood was drawn for HSV-2 testing by HerpeSelect HSV-2 ELISA (Focus Diagnostics) and CD4+ T counting. Results A total of 300 HIV-infected individuals participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 37.6 years with 76.7% as males. Ethnically, Han, Dai and Jingpo accounted for 44.3%, 37.3% and 16.0% of the sample, respectively. Half of the subjects reported HIV acquisition through injection drug use. The sero-prevalence of HSV-2 was 35.0%. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals who acquired HIV through heterosexual contact were more likely to be HSV-2 positive than those who acquired HIV through injection drug use (OR=4.244,95%CI: 1.924-9.364),whereas Dai (OR=0.300,95% CI: 0.152-0.593) and Jingpo (OR=0.376, 95% CI: 0.167-0.850) were less likely to be HSV-2 positive than the Hans. Among 105 people who were co-infected with HIV/HSV-2, 60 had sexual intercourses in the past 3 months and 41.7% of them reported no or inconsistent use of condoms. Most unprotected sexual contacts occurred within married couples. Conclusion HSV-2 infection was highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals in this county, and a significant proportion of HIV/HSV-2 co-infected subjects engaged in unprotected sex. HSV-2 testing, behavioral and biomedical interventions among HIV-infected individuals and their sexual partners should be involved in the local HIV prevention and control programs.

Objective - To analyze the effect of using vibration tools on the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods ， - WMSDs in automobile factory workers. By judgment sampling method front line workers with more than one year of working experience in an automobile factory were selected as the research subjects. Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used for investigation. The workers were divided into the control group and the vibration tool group. The propensity score ∶ ， matching method was used to balance the confounding factors of the two groups of workers by 1 1 and 568 people were Results included in each group. The prevalence of WMSDs was compared between the two groups after matching. After ， ， ， ， ， ， matching the prevalence of WMSDs in the shoulder elbow hand/wrist upper back waist hip/buttock and knee of workers in ， （ P ） the vibration tool group was higher than that in the control group and the differences were statistically significant all <0.05 .， The prevalence of WMSDs in different body parts of workers in the vibration tool group ranking from high to low was waist ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， neck shoulder hand/wrist upper back knee ankle/foot elbow and hip/buttock with the rate of 74.3% 61.3% 54.2% ， ， ， ， ， （P ） Conclusions 54.0% 50.9% 39.4% 35.2% 31.0% and 27.1% respectively <0.01 . The use of vibration tools can ， ， ， ， ， increase the risk of WMSDs in shoulder elbow hand/wrist upper back waist hip/buttock and knee of automobile factory workers. Corresponding measures should be taken to reduce vibration intensity and reduce contact time to protect workers'

PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery with external beam irradiation successfully obliterates carefully selected intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). We present clinical and radiological long term results after treatment with a single high dose irradiation using a linear accelerator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1991 to June 1994, fifteen patients with intracranial AVM were treated in our hospital with the stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator. The radiation was delivered using a 6 MV linear accelerator. The prescribed doses at the isocenter varied from 1800 to 2500cGy (median : 2000cGy) and were given as a single fraction. The radiation doses at the periphery of the lesion typically corresponded to the 80-90% isodose line. In 14 patients, complete clinical and/or radiological follow-up examination were available. RESULTS: Angiography was available in 13 patients with a follow-up period from 18 months to 27 months. Of 13 patients, the overall complete obliteration rate was 92.3% (12 patients). This incidence did not correlate with lesion size. Seizure, headache and progressive neurologic deficit were complete recovered. One patient experienced hemorrhage at 2 months after treatment. One patient developed radiation induced brain edema in the white matter surrounding nidus at 16 months after treatment and showed complete resolution of the edema in MR image obtained at 27 months after treatment. After a follow-up period of up to 6 years, no radiation induced severe late complications occurred. CONCLUSION: We conclude that stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator is an effective and safe therapy for symptomatic and surgically inaccessible intracranial AVMs and the results compare favorably to the more expensive and elaborate systems that are currently available for stereotactic radiosurgery.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain Edema ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Particle Accelerators* ; Radiosurgery* ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Listeria* ; Listeriosis* ; Meningitis ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic*

PURPOSE: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRI) are important causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Recently among the common pathogens causing acute LRI in children respiratory viruses are apparently increasing rather than bacteria and mycoplasma in Korea. This study was aimed to define the distribution of age, seasonal variation and clinical manifestation of respiratory virus in children. METHODS: All 328 children in Seoul, who had hospitalized at the Pediatric ward of Hanyang University (138 children), Hallym University (61 children) and Sungkunkwan University (129 children) for the treatment of respiratory diseases were studied from March, 1997 to February, 1998. In nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from these patients viral agents were detected by virus isolation and/or antigen detection by indirect immunofluorescent staining. But the subjects who was not found respiratory virus were excluded, although respiratory symptoms were present. RESULTS: 1) One or more agents were identified in 328 subjects. 2) The pathogens identified were Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV : 44.7%), influenza A virus (25.6 %), parainfluenza virus (14.6%), influenza B virus (14.3%), adenovirus (4.3%) and two or more viruses (3%). 3) Infections with RSV, parainfluenza virus and influenza A and B virus occured in epidemics, while adenovirus was isolated sporadically throughout the study period. 4) Clinical patterns of viral LRI were pneumonia (39%), bronchiolitis (34%), croup (18%), acute pharyngitis (7%) and asthma (2%). CONCLUSIONS: RSV was the most important in viral respiratory tract infection in children. Clinical manifestation and epidemic characterics were variable according to the agent. Accordingly, we should acknowledge the importance of respiratory virus to cause the repiratory tract diseases in children.
Adenoviridae ; Asthma ; Bacteria ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Croup ; Epidemiology* ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Mortality ; Mycoplasma ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pharyngitis ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Seasons ; Seoul*